[雙語翻譯]計算機專業(yè)外文翻譯—穩(wěn)健和有益的人工智能的研究重點（節(jié)選）

1、字數(shù)：英文 字數(shù)：英文 2887 2887 單詞， 單詞，16400 16400 字符；中文 字符；中文 5430 5430 漢字 漢字出處： 出處：Stuart Stuart Russell,Daniel Russell,Daniel Dewey,Max Dewey,Max Tegmark.Research Tegmark.Research Priorities Priorities for for Robust Robust and

2、 and Beneficial Beneficial Artificial Artificial Intelligence[J]Association Intelligence[J]Association for for the the Advancement Advancement of of Artificial Artificial Intelligence.2015,36(4):105-114 Intelligence.2015

3、,36(4):105-114外文文獻： 外文文獻： Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial IntelligenceAbstract Success in the quest for artificial intelligence has the potential to bring unprecedented benefits to humanity, an

4、d it is therefore worthwhile to investigate how to maximize these benefits while avoiding potential pitfalls. This article gives numerous examples (which should by no means be construed as an exhaustive list) of such wor

5、thwhile research aimed at ensuring that AI remains robust and beneficial.Keywords: artificial intelligence, superintelligence, robust, beneficial, safety, societyArtificial intelligence (AI) research has explored a varie

6、ty of problems and approaches since its inception, but for the last 20 years or so has been focused on the problems surrounding the construction of intelligent agents – systems that perceive and act in some environment.

7、In this context, the criterion for intelligence is related to statistical and economic notions of rationality – colloquially, the ability to make good decisions, plans, or inferences. The adoption of probabilistic repres

8、entations and statistical learning methods has led to a large degree of integration and cross-fertilization between AI, machine learning, statistics, control theory, neuroscience, and other fields. The establishment of s

9、hared theoretical frameworks, combined with by no means be interpreted as an exhaustive list.Labor market forecasting: When and in what order should we expect various jobs to become automated (Frey and Osborne 2013)? How

10、 will this affect the wages of less skilled workers, the creative professions, and different kinds of information workers? Some have have argued that AI is likely to greatly increase the overall wealth of humanity as a w

11、hole (Brynjolfsson and McAfee 2014). However, increased automation may push income distribution further towards a power law (Brynjolfsson, McAfee, and Spence 2014), and the resulting disparity may fall disproportionately

12、 along lines of race, class, and gender; research anticipating the economic and societal impact of such disparity could be useful.Other market disruptions: Significant parts of the economy, including finance, insurance,

13、actuarial, and many consumer markets, could be susceptible to disruption through the use of AI techniques to learn, model, and predict human and market behaviors. These markets might be identified by a combination of hig

14、h complexity and high rewards for navigating that complexity (Manyika et al. 2013).Policy for managing adverse effects: What policies could help increasingly automated societies flourish? For example, Brynjolfsson and Mc

15、Afee (Brynjolfsson and McAfee 2014) explore various policies for incentivizing development of labor-intensive sectors and for using AI-generated wealth to support underemployed populations. What are the pros and cons of

16、interventions such as educational reform, apprenticeship programs, labor-demanding infrastructure projects, and changes to minimum wage law, tax structure, and the social safety net (Glaeser 2014)? History provides many

17、examples of subpopulations not needing to work for economic security, ranging from aristocrats in antiquity to many present-day citizens of Qatar. What societal structures and other factors determine whether such populat

18、ions flourish? Unemployment is not the same as leisure, and there are deep links between unemployment and unhappiness, self-doubt, and isolation (Hetschko, Knabe, and Scho¨ b 2014; Clark and Oswald 1994); understand