?？率浇庾x黃色壁紙中的話語與權(quán)力

1、 i ?？率浇庾x《黃色壁紙》中的話語與權(quán)力 福柯式解讀《黃色壁紙》中的話語與權(quán)力 摘 要 本文利用?？吕碚撎剿飨穆逄?#183;柏金斯·吉爾曼《黃色壁紙》中的話語關(guān)系和權(quán)力機(jī)制。全文共包括引言部分，兩個(gè)章節(jié)和結(jié)語四個(gè)部分。正文兩章分別討論小說中的話語與權(quán)力問題。 第一章分兩個(gè)部分，分別討論小說文本內(nèi)外兩種不同的話語關(guān)系。作為《黃色壁紙》 背景的十九世紀(jì)的美國社會(huì)存在兩種競爭話語： 一種是父權(quán)制社會(huì)對完美女性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)， 另一種

2、則是伴隨女性運(yùn)動(dòng)而逐漸興起的新女性的聲音。 在吉爾曼所處的男性話語為主導(dǎo)的時(shí)代，女性受困于“完美女性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)” ， 她們被限制在家庭中操持家務(wù)相夫教子。 然而隨著女性運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展， 以吉爾曼為代表的新女性出現(xiàn)了，她們開始掙脫家庭束縛參與到公共事務(wù)當(dāng)中。而與此巧合的一件事是，當(dāng)時(shí)有一大批中產(chǎn)階級(jí)知識(shí)女性同時(shí)也是女性運(yùn)動(dòng)的主力軍開始陷入精神疾病而不得不接受精神病醫(yī)生的治療。 著名神經(jīng)學(xué)家密區(qū)將此歸咎于她們對公共事務(wù)的過多參與， 因?yàn)榕耘c男性不同

3、的生理構(gòu)造使她們無法承擔(dān)過多的腦力勞動(dòng)。 在吉爾曼的小說中， 在他的休息療法的幫助下， 這一醫(yī)學(xué)觀點(diǎn)便將原本父權(quán)制與新女性的話語對峙轉(zhuǎn)為精神病人與醫(yī)學(xué)話語的對峙。 如同福柯關(guān)于瘋癲與文明的話語關(guān)系討論一樣，小說中醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)對作為病人的敘述者的話語控制通過醫(yī)學(xué)權(quán)威，確定其他者性從而有效的將瘋癲的話語控制在一定范圍內(nèi)。 第二章闡述《黃色壁紙》中權(quán)力的運(yùn)作。在小說中權(quán)力的運(yùn)作首先是由兩種現(xiàn)代社會(huì)制度實(shí)現(xiàn)的——婚姻和醫(yī)療。 這兩種制度為權(quán)力的實(shí)施

4、提供了一系列的技術(shù)和步驟。 在小說中這些技術(shù)和步驟主要由監(jiān)視實(shí)現(xiàn)。 由于被置于一個(gè)具有全iii A FOUCAULDIAN APPROACH TO DICOURSE AND POWER IN THE YELLOW WALLPAPE: Abstract This thesis investigates discursive relations and power mechanisms in Charlotte Perkins Gilma

5、n?s The Yellow Wallpaper from Foucauldian perspective. It is composed of two chapters, discussing the issues of discourse and power respectively. Chapter One explores two kinds of discursive relation and how the two inte

6、ract with each other. In the nineteenth-century America, a major conflict existing between man and woman is the competing voices between patriarchal ideals of womanhood and the rise of women movement. Around Gilman?s tim

7、e, women were confined to domesticity by a man-made ideology called the ideal of True Womanhood. However with the rise of women movement, New Woman represented by Gilman began to fight her way out of domesticity and into

8、 public sphere. At the same time a growing number of women of middle class fell into mental troubles, and were forced to go to the doctor. A famous neurologist Mitchell of the time ascribed this to women involvement into

9、 public sphere for he thought women?s biological make-up was not designed for intellectual work. This had transformed the discursive relation between Patriarchy and women?s discourse into that between patient and medical

10、 profession in Gilman?s story. The discursive relation between patient and medical profession involves institutional authority, the otherness of the patient and the control of the patient?s discourse. Chapter Two examine

11、s how power functions in The Yellow Wallpaper. The exercise of power is realized through two institutions – marriage and medical profession, which provide a series of techniques and procedures among which surveillance ta

12、kes the major role in the story. Situated in a panoptical house, the narrator is forced under such omnipresent surveillance both from outside and inside that she rises to resist power by descending into madness. However