電力專業(yè)英語9-中國電力工業(yè)概況簡介

1、中國電力工業(yè)概況簡介,,45-2,詞 匯,Generation mixInstalled capacityThermal powerCoal-fueled, coal-fired, coal powerGas turbineHydro powerNuclear powerWind powerWind farmWind turbine, bladeSolar powerPhotovoltaicSolar wate

2、r heatersBio-massGrid interconnection,Renewable energyPower industry reformSeparation of generation from gridSeparation the distribution and transmission networksSeparation of the non-core assetsBidding for on-gri

3、dLoad, demandPower flow, loadBottleneckDemand-supply balanceRenewable energy lawCoal-power allianceMine-mouth power plantsTransmission corridor,45-3,Grid interconnection,500KV AC(2)2001 / 051200 MW,±500KV

4、DC(3)1989 / 2003/22077200 MW,500KV AC(1)2003 / 09800 MW,120KV DC(1)2005 / 06360 MW,±500KV DC(1)2004 / 023000 MW,,,,,,,,,,500KV AC(3)20011900 MW,500KV AC(2)2006 / 061200 MW,,,State Grid Corporation,45-4,,

5、,,,North Corridor,,Central Corridor,,South Corridor,The capacity of each corridor will reach about 20GW in 2020.,Power transmission from The West to the East: Three transmission corridors,45-5,Power supply and demand,Chi

6、na’s installed capacity and power generation output are second largest in the world’s electricity industry following the United States,Source: China Electricity Council (http://www.cec.org.cn/cec-en/index.htm,45-6,Power

7、supply and demand,Electricity intensity per capita is 1/10 that of U.S. and less than half of the world’s average.,2002 Per Capita Generation in KWh per person,2002 Data,,,45-7,,China has become a country with the second

8、 largest installed capacity in the world, being only next to US.中國的裝機容量居世界第二，僅次于美國,45-8,Power supply and demand,Coal is the major generation supply fuel.,Power generation in 2004,Installed capacity in 2004,(1,807 TWh),(

9、328 TWh),(50 TWh),45-9,,The proportion of coal power is so high that the installed capacity of coal power accounts for 73% of the total installed capacity, and the generation volume of coal power is 1,807TWh, accounting

10、for 83% of the total generation volume.煤電的比例非常高，占總裝機容量的73％，發(fā)電量為1,807 TWh，占總發(fā)電量的83%。Tera: 1012TWh: Tera Watts hour,45-10,,The features of China’s energy structure determine such a power mix with coal power as the major

11、 component. The coal resources in China account for 11% of the world’s total coal reserves, and oil and natural gas account for 2.4% and 1.2% of the total reserves respectively. During a relatively long period in the fir

12、st three decades of the 21st Century, the primary energy mix with coal playing a dominant role will not be changed.中國能源結(jié)構(gòu)的特點決定了煤電在電能中的主導(dǎo)地位。中國的煤儲量占世界總儲量的11%，油和天然氣分別占總儲量的2.4%和1.2%。在21世紀(jì)初很長一段時間內(nèi)，煤占主導(dǎo)的主要能源結(jié)構(gòu)不會發(fā)生變化。,45-11,Po

13、wer supply and demand,Coal-fueled installed capacity mix in 2003 by unit size. The total installed capacity is 289,770MW,45-12,Power supply and demand,Source: China Statistical Annual and China Energy Resource Statistica

14、l Annual, and China Electric Power Information Center. 2002 data.,Industry electricity use dominates other sectors,Share of total 2002 electricity use by sector in 4 countries,China’s 2002 elec. use,45-13,Power supply a

15、nd demand,Electricity consumption (2002-2005),Business consumption growth dominates total growth,45-14,Power supply and demand,Power shortages were being caused by need for more generation capacity (Trillion Yuan = $130B

16、),45-15,,China’s power market has been facing shortage since 2002, there were curtailments in the peak period in some provincial grids.從2002年開始，中國的電力市場就面對電能短缺的局面，在某些省網(wǎng)（或省份）發(fā)生用電高峰時期拉閘限電。Peak period, peak hour 用電高峰Peak

17、load（峰荷），base load（基荷）The shortage also led to an overall delay in the opening of on-grid price competition in wholesale market.另外，電能短缺也全面推遲了在電能批發(fā)市場實行競價上網(wǎng)。,45-16,,After the power surplus in 1997, the state began to con

18、trol the power construction projects. 1997年電能供大于求之后，國家開始嚴(yán)格控制電力建設(shè)項目。In the future 15 years, China’s power supply will still face the cyclic shortage due to the distortion of the market signals and the rigidity of the pr

19、oject approval.在未來的15年，由于市場信號的扭曲和電力建設(shè)項目審批的僵化，中國仍然會發(fā)生周期性的電能供應(yīng)短缺。,45-17,,Especially, the rapid development of the high-energy-consumption sectors in China greatly boosted the increase of the power consumption.尤其是高耗能企業(yè)的快速

20、發(fā)展，急劇地增加了電能的消耗量。,45-18,Power supply and demand,,Demand and supply condition by region (2005),Power shortages occurred in three major regions.,The number of provincial grids with curtailments in the peak period:12 (2002)

21、22 (2003)24 (2004) 26 (2005),45-19,Causes of power shortages,Climatic variability (droughts and heat waves)Economy, and therefore energy use, is growing faster than electric generation capacity can be built.,45-20,,T

22、he following illustration would help readers to understand the magnitude of demand dynamics: to support the GDP growth with an average rate of 6.5% for the next 15 years to achieve a four-fold increase of per capita inco

23、me, China needs to add new annual capacity of 48GW in a steady state growth model, equivalent to two-thirds of UK’s total installed power generation capacity today.下述事實可以幫助讀者理解電能需求變化的幅度：為了在未來15年內(nèi)維持GDP 6.5％的平均增長速率，實現(xiàn)人均收入

24、翻四翻，中國需要持續(xù)每年增加48GW裝機容量，相當(dāng)于今天UK總的裝機容量的2/3。,45-21,Causes of power shortages,Coal supply shortages and transport bottle-necksEscalating coal prices and decreased energy content of coal. Differences in price trends of “regu

25、lated power prices” and “unregulated coal prices”.,Blue indicates supply sources and red indicates major load centers,45-22,,China’s load centers and coal resources centers are separated, the bottleneck of the coal trans

26、portation makes the fuel supply very tight, which influences the normal production and supply of the power and accelerates the power shortage.中國的負(fù)荷中心和儲煤中心分布在不同地區(qū)，煤傳輸?shù)钠款i造成原料供應(yīng)緊張，影響了電能的正常生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)，加劇了電能的短缺。,45-23,,In terms of

27、 nuclear power generation, China will advance from the moderate development strategy to accelerating development strategy. Nuclear power will play an even more important role in China's future power development. Espe

28、cially in the developed coastal areas with heavy power load, nuclear power will become the backbone of the power structure there. China has planned to build up another 30 sets of nuclear power generator within 15 years w

29、ith total installed capacity of 36 to 40 million kWh, accounting for about 4% of China's total installed capacity of the electric power industry.,45-24,Nuclear power,KEY NPP in operation NPP under c

30、onstruction NPP being proposed,,,,45-25,Addressing power supply shortages,Generation sectorDeveloping coal-fired generation – high boiler pressure, high capacity, and environmentally friendly – is the direction.Ac

31、celerating development of hydropower, nuclear power, and gas-fired power generation.Introducing renewable energy (solar, wind,…)Network sectorStrengthening the grid.Intensifying energy conservation efforts and improv

32、ing energy efficiency.,45-26,Environmental challenges,,Source: International Energy Association 2004,China’s carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of fossil fuels are expected to increase from 3,000 million tons in

33、2000 to 5,700 million tons in 2020.,45-27,Environmental challenges,China is experiencing rising SO2 and NOX.,Efficiency of SO2 and smoke dust emission reduction systems(2003),Emission trends,45-28,Improving generation an

34、d delivery efficiency,,Greater generation and delivery efficiency is reducing rates of internal use of electricity, transmission losses, and coal consumption.,45-29,Strategies for overcoming coal supply and delivery cha

35、llenges,Alliances between coal mining companies and power generation companiesMine-mouth power plants substituting electric transmission for coal transportation,,45-30,Power industry reform history,,,,,,,,,2004,1997,199

36、8,2002,2002,2002,2004,,,,State Power Corp. (SPC) established,Dissolved Ministry of Electricity,East China starts pilot regional power market operation.,Power Regime Reform formally approved by the State Council,State E

37、lec. Regul. Commission (SERC) created (October 2002),SPC restruc-tured,Separation of gen. assets from transmis-sion assets,45-31,,Remarkable progresses have been made in separating the generation from the grid and in spl

38、itting the state power monopoly into five national generation holding groups since March 2002, when the reform program was approved by Article Five of the China State Council.自從2002年3月國務(wù)院5號文件批準(zhǔn)電力改革以來，在廠網(wǎng)分開和打破電力壟斷，成立5個國家

39、控股的發(fā)電集團方面已取得了顯著的進(jìn)展。,45-32,,But the recent shortage forced the deregulating bodies such as the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Electricity Regulatory Commission to postpone some of the deregulatio

40、n measures such as separating the distribution and transmission networks and opening regional wholesale markets.但是最近的電能短缺迫使電力改革的主體，國家發(fā)改委和國家電監(jiān)會推遲了改革進(jìn)程，例如輸配分開和開放區(qū)域批發(fā)市場。,45-33,Power industry reform,,generation assets,grid

41、 assets,,,China Huaneng Group,China Datang Group,China Guodian Group,China Huadian Group,China Power Investment Corporation,State Grid Corporation of China,China Southern Power Grid Corporation,,,Former SPC,To “ introduc

42、e competition and break the market monopoly ” generation and grid sectors were separated.,Restructuring of the State Power Corporation of China December 2002,45-34,Power industry reform,Comparison of the installed capac

43、ity of different types of players (2004),45-35,Power industry reform – grid sector,,State Grid Corporation,,Tibet Autonomous Region,,China Southern Power Grid,45-36,閱讀材料,“西電東送”火電規(guī)劃對北京空氣質(zhì)量的影響網(wǎng)上查一下關(guān)鍵詞：西電東送，送電下鄉(xiāng)，新能源…,45-37

44、,翻譯練習(xí),In 2005, China totally generated 2474.7 billion kWh with a year-on-year growth rate of 12.8%, which is lower than 14.8% in 2003 and 13.6% in 2004 yet still increase by quite a large margin. In the aspect of power c

45、onsumption, the year 2005 still saw fast growth but somewhat slowed down. The whole society of China consumed 2468.9 billion kWh of electric power in 2005 with a year-on-year increase of 13.5%, declining 1.4% compared to

46、 growth rate in 2004.,45-38,翻譯練習(xí),As the Chinese government leveled up the requirements of environmental protection and established the energy policies of “thrift first, self-independent, taking coal as the basis to achie

47、ve multi-polar development and constructing a steady, economical and clean energy supply system” during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006-2010), nuclear power generation, wind power generation, hydropower generation and