必修五 unit 1 great scientists

1、第1頁共8頁Unit1Greatscientists閱讀理解組塊專練——練速度(限時：35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2017衡陽高三一模)Therehasbeenacontroversybetweenanimalrightssupptersscientistsaboutwhetheritisrighttouseanimalstofindcuresfhumandiseasesinexperimentalresearch.Personallyi

2、ftherearenootheralternativesifitispossiblethatthiswillcontributetoscienceanimalsmaybeusedfexperimentalresearch.Theanimalrightssuppterslabelscientistsas“cruel”fcausinganimalstodieinmedicalexperimentswhiletheydonotopposeth

3、epeoplemostlyfarmerswhokillanimalsffood.Someevenclaimthatpeopleanimalsareequaltheyshouldbetreatedequally.ButcanthedeathofananimalbethesamethingasthedeathofapersonIthinkcausinganimalstodiefsciencefsavinghumanlivesmaybecon

4、sideredethical(倫理的)ifitwillcontributetotheadvancementofsciencehumanhealthingeneral.Anotherbasicargumentofanimalrightssupptersisthatpeopleanimalsaredifferentgeically.Theyclaimthatitwillmakenogoodtouseanimalsinexperimentsb

5、ecausetheyaretoodifferenttobecomparedtopeople.Someofthemevenstatethatitisbettertousepeopledirectlyastheythinkthattheresultsofexperimentsonanimalscannotbevalidreliableaslongasthesameobservationhasnotbeendoneonman.Howevert

6、hesepeoplecannotfeseethedisastrousresultsofsuchapractice.Manypeoplearelikelytodieuntilahealthyresultisobtained.Peopleanimalsmaynotbethesamebuttosomedegreescientistsarerighttouseanimalmodelstodosomeexperimentsthatcouldnot

7、beachievedinhuman.Therearealsoalotofexampleswhichshowthatusinganimalsresultedinsignificantdevelopmentshelpedtocuresomeseriousillnesses.Allinallusinganimalsfmedicalresearchisethicalaslongasitcontributestoscientificdevelop

8、menthumanhealth.thispracticeisonlyacceptableontheconditionthatanimalsaretreatedhumanely.語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了動物權(quán)利支持者和科學家之間關于用動物進行醫(yī)學試驗研究以尋找治療人類疾病的方法是否正確的爭議。作者認為動物可以被用于醫(yī)學研究并針對此論點進行了分析論證。1Animalrightssupptersholdtheopiniontha

9、t________.AfarmershavethelegalrightstokillanimalsBcausinganimalstodiefscienceisacceptableCscientistsaretoblamefkillinganimalsfresearchDanimalspeoplearenotdifferentgeically第3頁共8頁samecancerresistanceaselephants.Thismeansre

10、searcherscouldusethediscoverytodevelopnewtreatmentsthatcanhelpstopcancerspreadingevendevelopinginthefirstplace.“Naturehasalreadyfiguredouthowtopreventcancer，”saidJoshuaSchiffmanabiologistattheSchoolofMedicineUniversityof

11、UtahUS.“Itsuptoustolearnhowdifferentanimalsdealwiththeproblemsothatwecanusethosestrategiestopreventcancerinpeople.”語篇解讀：科學家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大象不患癌癥是因為它們的體內(nèi)有很多阻止腫瘤生長的基因TP53，人類有望通過研究TP53來預防癌癥。4WhyareelephantsunlikelytodevelopcancerAThe

12、yhavearatherlargebodysize.BTheirgenessuffernoDNAdamage.CCertaingenesintheirbodykillexistingtums.DTheycarrymanygenestopreventtumsdeveloping.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“AteamattheUniversityofChicagoUShasfoundthatelephantscarryala

13、rgenumberofgenesthatstoptums(腫瘤)developing.”可知，因為大象體內(nèi)有許多阻止腫瘤生長的基因，所以大象不患癌癥，D項正確。5AccdingtothepassagewhathasbeenariskintheevolutionoflargeanimalsADeadlytums.BThehugebodymass.CCellskillingthemselves.DSensitivitytoDNAdamage

14、.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中的“Anincreasedriskofdevelopingcancerhasstoodinthewayoftheevolutionoflargebodysizesinmanyanimals”可知，許多大型動物在進化過程中有患癌癥的風險，故A項正確。6Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Thisphenomenon”inParagraph5probablyrefertoALarge

15、ranimalshaveprotectionfromTP53.BTheriskofcancerisnotrelatedtobodysize.CLargeranimalssufferthesameriskofcancerassmallerones.DThehugeranimalsarethebiggerriskofcancertheywillhave.解析：選B指代判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Butacrossspeciestheris

16、kofcancerdoesnotshowaconnectionwithbodymass.”可知，Thisphenomenon指代患癌癥的風險和動物的大小無關，故B項正確。7WhatcanbeconcludedfromthepassageADependingonnatureissurelyenoughtofightagainstcancer.BTheTP53geneshaveprovedusefulinstoppingcancerinpe