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1、Chapter4ParallelismAccdingtotheprincipleofparallelismcomparablesentencepartsmustbestructurallylogicallysimilar.1.ParallelMarkersExamplesofparallelmarkersincludethefollowing:Both……Either……Not…but…Notonly…butalso……ratherth

2、an…From…to…2.ParallelElementsAlmostanythinginasentencecanbemadeparalleltoasimilarParallelElements:①Noun②Adjectives③Verbs④Infinitives⑤Participles⑥PrepositionalPhrases⑦SubdinateClausesSomeverbsfmsderivedfromverbshavemethan

3、onewd:wasopeningcanlosetoincrease.Youcanoftensplitaparttheseexpressionssothatthefirstwdwdscountacrossalltheelements.E.g.1:Thedivisionwasopeningofficeshiringstaffsinvestinginequipment.E.g.2:Therailroadcaneitherlosememoney

4、solveitsproblem.E.g.3:Theywanttoincreaseawarenesssparkinterestmotivatepurchases.3.Listwith“”Crectlistsobeythesetemplates.①Norightansweromits“”inalistjustbefethelastitem.②TheGMATalwayssacommabefethe“”inlistsof34items.③Ify

5、oujointwoclauseswith“”youcanputanoptionalcommabefethe“”.Doingsoisespeciallyrecommendedwhentheclausesarelongindependentboth.4.IdiomswithBuiltInParallelStructureXactsasYAsXsoYBetweenXYComparedtoXYConsiderXYIncontrasttoXYDe

6、clareXYXdevelopsintoYDistinguishXfromYXdifferfromYEstimateXtobeYXinsteadofYXisknowntobeYXislessthanYMakeXYMistakeXfYNotonlyXbutalsoYRegardXasYXisthesameasYXisgoodsotooisYXsuchasYThinkofXasYXisthoughttobeYViewXasYWhetherX

7、Y5.SuperficialParallelismvs.ActualParallelismYoumustalwaysfigureoutwhichgrammaticalstructuresarelogicallyparallelbefemakingthemstructurallyparallel.Beparticularlycarefulwithverbsverbalfms.Wrong:Salappliedhimselfinhisnewj

8、obarrivedearlyeverydayskippedlunchregularlyleftlateeverynight.Right:Salappliedhimselfinhisnewjobarrivingearlyeverydayskippinglunchregularlyleavinglateeverynight.6.WatchOutfLinkingVerbsInsteadofexpressingwhatasubjectdoest

9、heseverbsexpresswhatthesubjectiswhatconditionthesubjectisin.ListofLinkingVerbsBe動詞動詞OtherLinkingVerbsIsAreAppearBecomeFeelGrowWasWereLookRemainRepresentResembleAmBeenSeemSmellSoundStayBeBeingTasteTurn①Treatanylinkingverb

10、asaparallelmarker.Makethesubjecttheobjectparallel.Wrong:Thebouquetofflowerswasagivingoflove.Right:Thebouquetofflowerswasagiftoflove.②Youmustalsoensurethattwosidesofthelinkingverbareparallelinmeaning.Wrong:Uponbeingnomina

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