制藥工程專業(yè)英語考試題目及答案

1、1專業(yè)英語專業(yè)英語考試內(nèi)容：單詞考試內(nèi)容：單詞10分句子翻譯句子翻譯24分根據(jù)課文回答問題根據(jù)課文回答問題24分英譯漢藥品說明書英譯漢藥品說明書21分翻譯漢譯英摘要翻譯漢譯英摘要21分Unit11Tablet(ThePharmaceuticalTabletsDosageFm)藥片（藥片（醫(yī)藥片劑劑型）醫(yī)藥片劑劑型）RoleinTherapyA:Thealrouteofdrugadmininistrationisthemostimptan

2、tmethodofadministeringdrugsofrsystemiceffects.ExceptincasesofInsulintherapy.theparenteralrouteisnotroutinelyusedfselfadministrationofmedication.Thetopicalrouteofadministrationhasonlyrecentlybeenemployedtodeliverdrugstoth

3、ebodyfsystemiceffectswithtwoclassesofmarketedproducts:Nitroglycerinfthetreatmintofanginascopolaminefthetreatmentofmotionsickness.Otherdrugsarecertaintofollowbutthetopicalrouteofadministrationislimitedinitsabilitytoallowe

4、ffectivedrugabsptionfsystemicdrugaction.A:口服給藥是全身效應(yīng)用藥方法中最為重要的。除了胰島素治療，非腸道藥途徑不常用在自我服藥方面。局部給藥途徑只是最近才被應(yīng)用到身體藥物輸送達到系統(tǒng)效應(yīng)。有兩類上市藥物（應(yīng)用到該方法）：治療心絞痛藥物的硝酸甘油和治療眩暈病的莨菪胺。其他藥粉也效用此法，但局部給藥途徑受系統(tǒng)藥物作用的藥物有效吸收能力的限制。B:Theparenteralroueofadminist

5、rationisimptantintreatingmedicalemergenciesinwhichasubjectoscomatosecannotswallowinprovidingvarioustypesofmaintenancetherapyfhospitalizedpatients.B:注射給藥在處理病人昏迷或者不能吞咽的緊急情況和各種保守治療的就醫(yī)病人時十分重要。Neverthelessitisprobablethatatle

6、ast90%ofalldrugsusedtoproducesystemiceffectsareaddministeredbythealrote.C:Whenanewdrugisdiscoveredoneofthefirstquedtionsapharmaceuticalcompanyasksiswhethernotdrugcanbeeffectivelyadministeredfitsintdendedeffectbythealrout

7、e.Ifitcannotthedrugisprimarilyrelegatedtoadministrationinahospitalsettingphysician’soffice.Ifpatientselfadmnistrationcannotbeachievedthesalesofthedrugconstituteonlyasmallfractionofwhatthemarketwouldbeotherwise.C:當一種新藥被研制

8、出來，制藥公司首先考慮的一個問題就是，這種藥物是否可以口服。如果這種藥物不能口服，它將被交給醫(yī)院或醫(yī)師來管理。如果病人不能自己服藥，這種藥物的市場前景會比口服小得多。Ofdrugsthatareaddministredallysolidaldosgefmsrepresentthepreferredclassofproduct.Thereasonsfthispreferenceareasfollows.Tabletscapsulesrep

9、resentunitdosagefmsinwhichoneusualdoseofthedrughasbeenaccuratelyplaced.Bycomparisonliquidaldosagefmssuchassyrupssuspensionsemulsionssolutionselixirsareusuallydesignedtocontainonemedicationdoseofmedicationin5to30ml.Thepat

10、ientisthenaskedtomeasurehisherownmedicationusingateaspoontablespoonothermeasuringdevice.Suchdosagemeasurementsaretypicallyinerrbyafctrangingfrom20%to50%whenthedrugisselfadministeredbythepatient.Q1:Howmanykinksoftherouteo

11、fdrugadministrationarethereCanyoupresenttheseusualdosagefmofthedrugthatareadministeredallyQ2:WhydoesthesolidaldosagefmrepresentthepreferredclassofdrugsthatareadministeredallyQ3:WhydopeoplemakeliquiddosagefmofdrugLiquidal

12、dosagefmshaveotherdisadvantageslimitationswhencomparedwithtablets.Theyaremuchmeexpensivetoship(oneliquiddosageweighs5gmeversus0.25to0.4gftheaveragetablet)breakageleakageduringshipmentisameseriousproblemwithliquidsthanwit

13、htablets.Tastemaskingofthedrugisoftenaproblem(ifthedrugisinsolutionevenpartially).Inadditionliquidsarelessptablerequiremuchmespacepernumberofdosageonthepharmacist’sshelf.D:Drugsareingenerallessstable(bothchemicallyphysic

14、ally)inliquidfmthaninadrystateexpirationdatestendtobeshter.Carefulattentionisrequiredtoassurethattheproductwillnotallowaheavymicrobiologicburdentodeveloponstingunderundernmalconditionsofuseonceopened(preserationrequireme

15、nts).D:一般來說，藥物在液態(tài)比固態(tài)片劑更不穩(wěn)定（無論是化學性質(zhì)還是物理性質(zhì)），保質(zhì)期都縮短。需要特別注意的是確保產(chǎn)品一旦打開后，在存放時或常規(guī)使用下避免受到嚴重的微生物污染。Therearebasicallythreereasonsfhavingliquiddosagefmsofadrug:(1)Theliquidfmiswhatthepublichascometexpectfcertaintypesofproducts(e.g.

16、coughmedicines).(2)Theproductismeeffectiveinaliquidfm(e.g.manyadsbentsantacids).(3)Thedrug(s)areusedfairlycommonlybyyoungchildrentheelderly.whohavetroubleswallowingthesolidaldosagefms.PropertiesQ4:Whatisthebjectiveofdesi

17、gnmanufactureofthesompressedtablet3B:Sometabletfmulationsmayadditionallyrequireaflowpromoter.B:一些藥片還需要流動性促進劑。C:Othermeoptionalcomponentsincludecolantsinchewabletabletsfavssweeteners.Allnondrugcomponentsifafmulaaretermede

18、xcipients.C:其他的一些可選擇的組分包括著色劑，可咀嚼的藥片需要調(diào)味劑和甜味劑，所有非藥組分術(shù)語為賦形劑。TabletGranulations藥片成粒藥片成粒Biacteristics基本特征基本特征Q2:whatacteristicsshouldtabletmaterialshavewhyQ3:Howtoassesstheshapeofparticlestheirrelativeregulatityapproximation

19、tospheresD:Theateristicsofatabletthatmadeitapopulardosagefmd.g.compactnessphysicalstabilityrapidproductioncapabilitychenicalstabilityeffiicacyareingeneraldictatedprinarilybythequalitiseofthegranulationfromwhichitismade.D

20、:使片劑成為流行的用藥形式的一些特征，如緊密，藥理穩(wěn)定性，高生產(chǎn)效率，化學穩(wěn)定性和高效性，大體上主要是由成粒材料的品質(zhì)決定的。Basicallystatedmaterialsintendedfcompactionintoatabletmustpossesstwoacteristocs:fluiditycompressibility.Toagreatextentthesepropertiesarerequiredbythecompress

21、ionmachinedesign.E:Aspreviouslydiscussdegoodflowpropetiesareessentialfthetransptofthematerialthroughthehopperintothroughthefeedframeintothedies.E:如前邊討論的，好的流動性是藥品通過漏斗進入配料池和磨具進行傳輸?shù)幕A(chǔ)。Tabletmaterialsshouldtherefebeinaphysic

22、alfmthatflowssmoothlyunifmly.Theidealphysicalfmfthispurposeisspheressincetheseofferminimumcontactsurfacesbetweenthemselveswiththewallsofthemachineparts.F:UnftunatelymostmaterialsdonoteasilyfmspheresHowevershapesthatappro

23、achspheresimproveflowbility.Therefegranulationisinpartthepharmaceuticalprocessthatattemptstoimprovetheflowofpowderedmaterialsbyfmingspherelikeregularlyshapedaggregatescalledgranules.F:不巧的是，大多數(shù)藥品不易成球；不過近似球體也會增加流動性，因此制藥過程包

24、含把粉末狀的藥物制成類球狀或規(guī)則形狀以增加其流動性的成粒過程。Theneedtoassesstheshapeofparticlestheirrelativeregularityapproximatintosphereshasledtothedevelopmentofequationswherebycertain“facts”canbecalculatedtoprovidequantitativecomparisonsofdifferen

25、tparicleshapes.Bymeasuringparticlesurfacearea(S)volume(V)aprojectdeequivalentdiameter()avolumeshapefact()asurfaceshapefactashapesoefficient(pdv?s?)canbecalculatedusingequations(1)to(3)fquantitativewk.vs?2psdS??3pvdV??vsv

26、s????Theshapexoefficientfasphereis6.Asapaarticlebecomesmeirregularinshapethevalueofaincreases.Facubeisequal?to6.8.Theotherdesirableacteristiccompressibilityisthepropertyoffmingastablecompactmasswhenpressureisapplied.Ther

27、equisitephysicalpropertiesthefcesthatholdthetablettogetherarediscussedinChapter4.“CompressionConsolidationofPowderedSolids.”Theconsiderationofcompressibilityinthisdiscussionislimitedtostatingthatgranulationisalsothepharm

28、aciutialprocessthatconvertsamixtureofpowderswhichhavepocohesionintoaggregatescapableofcompaction.ManufactureofGranulations成粒工藝成粒工藝DryManufacturingMethods干法成粒干法成粒Q4:WhatmethedsareusedtogranulationsfdrugtabletsThemanufactu

29、reofgranulationsftabletcompressionmayfollwoneracombinationofthreeestabloshedmethods:thedrymethodsofdirectcompressioncompressiongranulationwetfranulation.WetGranulation濕法成粒濕法成粒Q5:Whataretheuniqueptionsofwetgranulationproc