初中賓語(yǔ)從句講解及習(xí)題

1、賓語(yǔ)從句一、賓語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi)賓語(yǔ)從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，或形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的不同連詞，賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類(lèi)。1.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。That只有語(yǔ)法作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)在的意義，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewills

2、ucceed.2.由連接代詞whowhomwhosewhatwhich和連接副詞whenwherewhyhow引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoeHeaskedwhosehwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopisIdon’tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由

3、if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，主要用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句意思或選擇疑問(wèn)句意思的賓語(yǔ)從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。Whetherif在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if可以替換。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.只能用whether不能用if的情況：1）在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo)例

4、：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。2）賓語(yǔ)從句中有not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).例：Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomenot.3）和不定式連用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).例：Whethertogotherenothasn’tbeendecided.二、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy

5、.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo三、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，既：1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。2.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例:1）Shesaysthatsheisastudent.Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2）Shesa

6、ysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3）Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomewkalready.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomewkalready.3.如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例：Theteachersaidthattheear

7、thgoesroundthesun.HetoldmethatJapanisanislcountry.四、賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是thinkbelievesupposeexpect等詞，而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。Idon’tthinkitisrightfhimtotreatyoulikethat.主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞thinkbelieveimaginesupposeconsiderexpectfancygue

8、ss等，并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái)，其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致。Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJimisheIexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekendwontsheheWesupposeyouhavefinishedtheprojecthaventyou如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞(不包含帶

9、有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等)其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefullydoeshe當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是第二、三人稱(chēng)時(shí)，其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與主句保持一致。YoursistersupposessheneedsnohelpdoesntsheYouthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheprojectdidntyou

10、TheydontbelieveshesanengineerdotheyShedoesntexpectthatwearecomingsosoondoessheA.howfarhadgoneB.howlonghasgoneC.howfarwentD.howfarhadrun7.Themanagercameuptosee__________.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematter

11、isD.whatsthematter8.Canyoutellme___________A.whereareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudyC.whereyouweredoingD.whereyoustudy9.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgotherebyairbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when10.Heaskedhisfather_______.A.wher

12、eithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen11.Idon’tknowwhen__________.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______thecomputer.A.howcheckB.toche

13、ckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking13.____hellcomenotisntimptant.A.WhyB.IfC.WhetherD.What14.Wouldyouliketoknow_____theywilldoitnot.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.why15.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.

14、whathisnameis16.Ourhomewkhaschangedalot.Whocantell___itwouldbelikein____fiveyears.A.howanotherB.whatmeC.howotherD.whatanother17.—Couldyoutellme______—Yes.He____totheUSA.A.whereishehasbeenB.whereheishasgoneC.wherewashehas

15、beenD.wherehewashasgone18.—Mikewantstoknowif____apicnictomrow.—Yes.Butifit_______wellvisitthemuseuminstead.A.youhavewillrainB.youwillhavewillrainC.youwillhaverainsD.willyouhaverains19.Idontknowifhe______tomrow.Ifhe______

16、__tomrowIllmeethim.A.willcomecomesB.comescomesC.willcomewillcomeD.comeswillcome20.Ireallydontknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.A.findsarrivesB.findswillarriveC.willfindwillarriveD.willfindarrives21.Thegirlsaskedifthey___

17、_somefooddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake22.Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfA.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which23.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismningA.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend24.SheaskedLi

18、ndaif___gogetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay25.Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtraveled26.WhatdidMikesayHesaid________.A.ifyouwerefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.thewea

19、therisfineD.summercomesafterspring27.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.A.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonB.wherewashefromC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry28.Letmetellyou____A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmu

20、chdidIpayfthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar29.Peterknew_______________.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleavefParis30.Ihearthathe______toBeijingyesterda

21、y.A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone31.Ihaventseen___________befe.A.soaninterestingfilmB.suchaninterestingfilmC.sointerestingfilmD.suchinterestingafilm32.I_________thatwewillvisitthefarmnextweek.A.didntsupposeB.dontsupposeC.