英國文學(xué)選讀上名詞解釋(中英文版)

1、ByronicheroAproudmysteriousrebelliousgloomyfigureofnobleiginwithfierypassionsunbendingwillexpressesByron’sownidealoffreedom.Herisesagainsttyrannyinjusticebuthe’smerelyalonefighterstrivingfpersonalfreedom.SonAsonisa14line

2、lyricpoemwithasingletheme.Sonsvarybutareusuallywritteniniambicpentameterfollowingoneoftwotraditionalpatterns:thePetrarchanItaliansontheShakespeareanEnglishson.Asongenerallyexpressesasinglethemeidea.SonSon是一種歐洲傳統(tǒng)的非常有影響力的詩

3、歌形式。從形式上來說它有14行詩構(gòu)成，通常是五步抑揚(yáng)格，有著嚴(yán)格的特定的押韻方式。莎士比亞的十四行詩非常出名。LakePoetsTheLakePoetsalllivedintheLakeDistrictofEnglattheturnofthenieenthcentury.Asagrouptheyfollowednosingle“school“ofthoughtliterarypracticethenknownalthoughtheirw

4、kswereunifmlydisparagedbytheEdinburghReview.TheyareconsideredpartoftheRomanticMovement早期浪漫主義詩人Wdswth，Coleridge和Southey，也被稱為湖畔派詩人。他們都住在英國西北部的湖區(qū)，并且在文學(xué)和社會見解上有著一致性。湖畔派詩人主要回憶快樂的舊英格蘭時代，把自然看作是精神上的避難所，因?yàn)樗麄儜峙录磳⒌絹淼墓I(yè)化和城市化。Metaphys

5、icalpoetry（玄學(xué)派詩歌）（玄學(xué)派詩歌）Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonamethewkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.2witharebelliousspirit，theMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheEli

6、zabethanlovepoetry.3thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethantheNeoclassicalperiods，echoesthewdscadencesofcommonspeech.4theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.MetaphysicalpoetsisatermcoinedbythepoetcriticSamuelJohnso

7、ntodescribealoosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcenturywhosewkwasacterizedbytheinventiveuseofconceitsbyspeculationabouttopicssuchaslovereligion.JohnDonneisthemostimptantrepresentative.玄學(xué)派詩歌玄學(xué)派詩歌一般用來稱呼那些在JohnDonne影響下寫作的

8、作家的作品。玄學(xué)派詩人一種背叛精神去試著打破傳統(tǒng)的伊麗莎白愛情詩的束縛。玄學(xué)詩歌多使用巧智（witconceit），結(jié)構(gòu)精巧（ingeniousstructure），韻律多變（irregularmeter），語言口語化（colloquiallanguage），意象奇特（elabateimagery），并把不同的事物并置（adrawingtogetherofdissimilaridea）。它們的意象多來源于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。Neoclassici

9、sm（新古典主義）Inthefieldofliteraturetheenlightenmentmovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalwks.2thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.TheNeoclassicistsheldthatfmsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalwksoft

10、heancientGreekRomanw14.Streamofconsciousness（interimonologue）Inliterarycriticism，Streamofconsciousnessdenotesaliterarytechniquewhichseekstodescribeanindividual?spointofviewbygivingthewrittenequivalentoftheacter?sthoughtp

11、rocesses.Streamofconsciousnesswritingisstronglyassociatedwiththemodernistmovement.Itsintroductionintheliterarycontext，transferredfrompsychology，isattributedtoMaySinclair.Streamofconsciousnesswritingisusuallyregardedasasp

12、ecialfmofinterimonologueisacterizedbyassociativeleapsinsyntaxpunctuationthatcanmaketheprosedifficulttofollow，tracingastheydoaacter?sfragmentarythoughtssensyfeelings.FamouswriterstoemploythistechniqueintheEnglishlanguagei

13、ncludeJamesJoyceWilliamFaulkner.學(xué)術(shù)界認(rèn)為意識流是一種通過直接描述人物思維過程來尋求個人視角的文學(xué)寫作技巧。意識流是現(xiàn)代主義運(yùn)動的體現(xiàn)，它首先出現(xiàn)在心現(xiàn)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，由梅。辛克拉提出的，后引進(jìn)文學(xué)領(lǐng)域。意識流寫作通常被認(rèn)為是一種特殊形式的內(nèi)心獨(dú)白。它的特別是聯(lián)想性，以句法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的跳躍，文章的晦澀難懂為特征。來表現(xiàn)人物的片斷思維和感官性直覺。比較著名的使用此技巧的有喬伊斯。福克納。MetaphysicalPoet

14、ry(玄學(xué)派詩歌)Thepoemsof17thcenturyEnglishpoetswhoseverseisacterizedbyanintellectuallychallengingstyleextendedmetaphscomparingverydissimilarthings.玄學(xué)派詩歌：17世紀(jì)英國詩人的詩歌，這種詩歌的特點(diǎn)是風(fēng)格極具智慧，引人深思，善用引申的暗喻來對比極其不同的事物.Realism(現(xiàn)實(shí)主義)Therepres

15、entationinartliteratureofobjectsactionssocialconditionsastheyactuallyarewithoutidealizationpresentationinabstractfm.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義：在藝術(shù)或文學(xué)中將事物，行為或社會狀況按其起初情況進(jìn)行的表現(xiàn)，而不用模糊的形式來表現(xiàn)或理想化Soliloquyistheactoftalkingtooneselfwhethersilentlyalou

16、d.Indramaitdenotestheconventionbywhichaacteraloneonthestageuttershisherthoughtsaloud.Playwrightshaveusedthisdeviceasaconvenientwaytoconveyinfmationaboutaacter’smotivesstateofmindfpurposeofexpositionsometimesindertoguidet