水文地質(上)

1、LessonSixSpringsAspringisaconcentrateddisgeofgroundwaterappearingatthegroudsurfaceasacurrentofflowingwater.Tobedistinguishedfromseepageareaswhichindicateaslowermovementofgroundwatertothegroundsurface(1).Waterinseepageare

2、asmaypondevapateflowdependinguponthemagnitudeoftheseepagetheclimatethetopography.Springsoccurinmanyfmshavebeenclassifiedastocauserockstructuredisgetemperatruevariability.Bryandividedallspringsinto(a)thoseresultingfromnon

3、gravitationalfces(b)thoseresultingfromgravitationalfces.Underthefmercategyareincludevolcanicspringsassociatedwithvolcanicrocksfissurespringsresultingfromfracturesextendingtogreatdepthsintheearth’scrust(2).Suchspringsareu

4、suallythermalinthattheirwatertemperatureexceedsthatofthenmallocalgroundwater(3).Ofthegravityspringswhichresultfromwaterflowingunderhydrostaticpressurethefollowingtypesarerecognized(4):depressionsprings—fmedwherethelsurfa

5、ceintersectsthewatertable(5)contactsprings—createdbyapermeablewaterbearingfmationoverlyingalesspermeablefmationwhichintersectsthegroundsurface(6)artesiansprings—resultingfromreleasesofwaterunderpressurefromconfinedaquife

6、rseitheratanoutcrpooftheaquiferthroughanopeningintheconfiningbedtubularfracturesprings—issuingfromroundedchannelssuchaslavatubessolutionchannelsfracuresinimpermeablerockconnectingwithagroundwatersupply.詞匯concentrated????

7、??????????a.集中的appear??????vi.出現(xiàn)，出露current???????n.流，水流flowing???????a.流動的distinguishdis????????vt.vi.區(qū)別，辨別seepage????????n.滲出，滲流pondp???n.池塘；vt.vi.堵水成池magnitude???????????n.量，數量，大小topography??????????n.地形，地勢classify????

8、?????vt.把…分類cause????n.原因，起因；vt.是發(fā)生引起either……不是…就是…，或者…或者…注釋1.本句不是完整句，tobedistinguishedfromseepageareas為不定式短語，帶一個which引出的定語從句修飾短語中的seepageareas。這個不完整的“句子”實際上是下一段落的目的狀語。這樣的處理方法處于作者修辭的需要。2.處于句首的介詞短語underthefmercategy為句中的狀語

9、部分。areincluded為句中謂語動詞（被動語態(tài)）。主語為volcanicsprings…fissuresprings…。在帶有定語的主語較長而謂語很短，或為了起強調作用，往往構成諸位顛倒的倒裝句。3.suchspringsareusuallythermalinthattheirwatertemperatureexceedsthatofthenmallocalgroundwater。此句中的inthat是固定的連接詞詞組，所引出的是

10、原因狀語從句，這是that的特殊用法，inthat作“因為”解。句末exceedsthat…的that一詞是指示代詞，作動詞exceeds的賓語，用以避免重復watertemperature。4.Ofthegravitysprings為句中狀語，介詞of表示部分與整體的關系，作“在…中”解。which所引導的是非限定性定語從句。5.wherethelsurfaceintersectsthewatertable為地點狀語從句。6.現(xiàn)在分詞

11、短語overlyingalesspermeablefmationwhichintersectsthegroundsurface為waterbearingfmation的定語。分詞短語中還包括一個由which引導的定語從句，修飾alesspermeablefmation。譯文第六課泉泉是地下水以水流形式出露在地表的集中排泄。泉與滲流帶不同，滲流帶表明地下水向地表的緩慢流動。滲流帶的水可以匯聚成塘，蒸發(fā)或流走，這取決于滲流量的大小、氣候，以