貿(mào)易技術(shù)壁壘及對(duì)策.pdf

1、貿(mào)易技術(shù)壁壘及對(duì)策摘要匕數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)中國(guó)入世后，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易將猛增，其在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中所占地位將愈加重要，然而在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，始終交織著貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義同自由貿(mào)易的矛盾，WTO成立以來(lái)，世界多邊自由貿(mào)易體制不斷加強(qiáng)，各國(guó)保護(hù)貿(mào)易政策的手段也發(fā)生了變化:傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)稅壁壘大大弱化，比較隱蔽的配額、許可證、反傾銷(反補(bǔ)貼)等非關(guān)稅措施有所規(guī)范，更隱蔽、更靈活的技術(shù)壁壘應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，日益成為當(dāng)今國(guó)際貿(mào)易中最為重要的一種保護(hù)手段，影響著國(guó)際貿(mào)易自由化的同時(shí)，引導(dǎo)國(guó)際貿(mào)

2、易向健康的方向發(fā)展。廠本文研究在今后相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期內(nèi)，影響國(guó)際自由貿(mào)易的主要矛盾，即貿(mào)易技術(shù)壁壘。具體的WTO協(xié)議或協(xié)定有:《關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定》、《農(nóng)產(chǎn)品協(xié)議》、《貿(mào)易技術(shù)壁壘協(xié)議》(TBT協(xié)議)、《實(shí)施動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施協(xié)議》(SPS協(xié)議)，本文著重研究后二個(gè)協(xié)議，闡明其合理性和可利用性，提出貿(mào)易技術(shù)壁壘的定義及其在我國(guó)的表現(xiàn)形式—出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫。分析國(guó)際貿(mào)易中技術(shù)壁壘的一般表現(xiàn)及對(duì)我國(guó)外貿(mào)發(fā)展的抑制效應(yīng)，對(duì)有效地適應(yīng)與規(guī)避、防范與利用、設(shè)立

3、與打破這種壁壘，保護(hù)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)、促進(jìn)我國(guó)外貿(mào)的發(fā)展有著重要意義。陣于《關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定》，本文討論了二。的基本原則，我國(guó)貿(mào)易技術(shù)壁壘與WTO原則的關(guān)系，貿(mào)易技術(shù)壁壘的形式、實(shí)質(zhì)及對(duì)我國(guó)外貿(mào)的抑制效應(yīng)，相應(yīng)的法律對(duì)策。關(guān)于WTO《農(nóng)產(chǎn)品協(xié)議》，本TECHN!CALBARR!ERSTO!NTERNAT舊NALTRADEANDOURCOUNTERMEASURESABSTRACTStatisticsanticipatethatafterjoiningi

4、ntoWTOChinaisgoingtoseeatremendousgrowthinitsimportandexporttradewhichwillplayamoreandmoreimportantroleinChinasnationaleconomy.Howevertradeprotectionismandfreetradehavebeenapairofantagonisticcontradictionthroughouttheint

5、ernationaltrade.SincethefoundingofWTOmultinationalfreetradesystemhasbeenincreasinglystrengthenedintheworldEachcountryhasadopteddifferentpoliciestoprotectitstrade.Traditionaltariffbarrierhasbeengreatlytrimmeddownlessovert

6、nontariffmeasureslikequotasystemlicensingprocedureandantidumping(countervailing)dutyhavebeenstipulated.Morecovertandmoreflexibletechnicalbarrierscomeintobeingbecauseofthatandtheygraduallybecomeoneofthemostimportantprotec

7、tivemeasuresintheinternationaltradeofthedayguidinginternationaltradetoitshealthydevelopmentwhileatthesametimeinterferingwithinternationaltradeliberalizationThisarticlestudiestheprinciplecontradiction一technicalbarrierstot

8、radewhichwillinterferewithinternationalfreetradeinquitealongperiodoftime.SpecificallyWTOagreementsandtreatiescomprise((GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade))，((AgreementonAgriculture))，((AgreementonTechnicalBarrierstoTrade)

9、)(TBTforshort)，and((AgreementontheApplicationofSanitaryandPhytosanitaryMeasures))(SPSforshort).ThisarticlefocusesonthelasttwoAgreementsclarifyingtheirreasonablenessandpracticabilitygivingadefinitionfor七echnicalbarriersto