private conservation easements over public land[文獻(xiàn)翻譯]

1、畢業(yè)論畢業(yè)論文（文（設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)）文獻(xiàn)翻）文獻(xiàn)翻譯PrivateConservationEasementsoverPublicLThisArticleexamineshowlocalgovernmentscanuseprivatelawmechanismstoentrenchpolicyinwaysthatcircumventtypicallegallimitations.TheArticleexplesindetailaspecifice

2、xampleofatowndonatingconservationeasementsoverpropertyitownstoathirdpartynotfprofitconservationganizationtoensurethatthepropertywouldnotbedevelopedinthefuture.Thisisnearlythefunctionalequivalentofpassinganunrepeatablezon

3、ingdinancetorestrictdevelopmentsomethingexistingantientrenchmentruleswouldneverpermit.TheArticlediscussesthecostsbenefitsofusingsuchadevice.Ittheizesgenerallyaboutthenatureofentrenchmentoutsidepubliclawidentifiesantientr

4、enchmentprotectionsdesignedtopreventthewsteffects.Itultimatelyarguesthateminentdomainservesanimptantroleinallowingsubsequentgovernmentstoescapetherecommitmentsofprigovernmentsproposesamodestmodificationincompensationrule

5、stolimittheextenttowhichconservationeasementscanentrenchconservation.Localgovernmentsarecompetitsinanationwideraceovertaxesresourcesresidentsultimatelypropertyvalues.Itishoweverapeculiarracemelikeasackracethanamarathonbe

6、causethecontestantsarehobbledbylegalstructuralconstraintslimitingtheirfreedomofmovement.Alocalgovernmentwishingtoattractsomenewhighvaluedusehasrelativelylimitedtoolsatitsdisposal.Traditionallyalocalgovernmentcanoffertoas

7、semblelprovidetaxfinancialincentivesbuildsupptiveinfrastructure.Itcanalsopromisefavableregulatytreatment.Fmanypotentialentrantsthislastoneisthemostimptant.Promisesofpermissivezoningtofebearinthefuturetofegoexactionsevent

8、omaintainrestrictionsinotherpartsoftowncandramaticallyaffecttheexpectedvalueofnewdevelopment.Suchpromisesarenotonlyimptanttodevelopers.Iningwheretolivebuildindividualhomeownersareplacingbetsaboutacommunitysmediumtolongte

9、rmprospects.Thecontentofluseregulationscanbeacriticalpartofthisbetpeoplemaywellwantsomemeasureofcertaintyaboutthefuture.Antientrenchmentruleshoweverfbidalegislaturefrombindingthehsoffuturelegislatures.Theygenerallypreven

10、tlocalgovernmentsfrommakingzoningdecisionsunrepeatablefromotherwiselockinginanyparticularregulatywinterithasoneofthebestpublicelementaryschoolsintheareaacloseknityearroundcommunity.TheHogbackMountainpropertyencompassesne

11、arlysixhundredacresofpristinewoodlattheedgeoftown.ManylocalslearnedtoskithereitsexpansiveviewsofSouthernVermontareexceptional(advertisedvisiblyonthestatehighwayrunningthroughthetown).PeopleinMarlbotherefebelieveditwasimp

12、tanttopreservetheproperty.MeoverthethreatofalargescaleresidentialdevelopmentonthisfarwesternedgeoftownpromisedtobealoserfMarlbofinancially.Increasedcostsinroadmaintenancefireprotectiontosaynothingofthepotentialfanincreas

13、edburdenonthepublicschoolcouldbeexpensivefthetowntoabsb.perhapsevenmeimptantlytothetownofroughlyninehundredresidentsitcouldmeananinfluxofnewcomersthatmightthreatenthesenseofcommunitythatholdsthetowntogether.Toprotectthep

14、ropertyfromdevelopmentagroupofconcernedcitizensfmedacommitteetoraisemoneytobuythepropertyindertoconveyittothetownfconservation.TTieysucceededin2008thepropertyispresentlyownedinfeesimplebyaconstiumofsocalled“conservationb

15、uyers.“Thenextstepcallsfthetowntopurchasethepropertyfromtheconservationbuyersatfacevalueraisingsomeofthemoneythroughtaxesbutthebulkthroughpublicprivategrants.Theconservationbuyerswillgettheirmoneybackthetownwilltakefeesi

16、mpletitletotheproperty.Buthereiswherethestytakesaninterestingturn.InsteadofsimplybuyingholdingthepropertyMarlbosplanwhenitpurchasesthepropertyistodonate(arrangeftheconservationbuyerstodonate)conservationeasementsoverthep

17、ropertytotheVermontLTrustanonprofitgroupthatreceivesmaintainsconservationeasementsthroughoutthestate.Theunderlyingpropertywillstillbeownedbythetowninfeesimple.SerkinChristopher“EntrenchingEnvironmentalism:PrivateConserva