淺談時(shí)代背景對(duì)于《飄》中人物性格形成的影響【開題報(bào)告+文獻(xiàn)綜述+畢業(yè)論文】

1、<p><b>　　畢業(yè)論文開題報(bào)告</b></p><p><b>　　英語(yǔ)</b></p><p>　　淺談時(shí)代背景對(duì)于《飄》中人物性格形成的影響</p><p>　　一、選題的背景、意義（所選課題的歷史背景、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)）</p><p>　　《飄》凝結(jié)了美國(guó)小說(shuō)家瑪格麗

2、特·米切爾十年的心血結(jié)晶，這是她生前唯一出版的一部小說(shuō)，瑪格麗特原意署名Tomorrow is Another Day，后出版商認(rèn)為與此書名相似的書太多，建議瑪格麗特想一個(gè)新名字，“飄”取自恩斯特·道森的詩(shī)："I have forgot much, Cynara! Gone with the wind"。從出版至今，《飄》在全球的銷售量早已超過3000萬(wàn)冊(cè)，被奉為經(jīng)典名著?！讹h》是以美國(guó)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期

3、間的佐治亞州的瓊斯博羅和亞特蘭大為背景，講述了內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后南方重新組織并與聯(lián)邦政府重建關(guān)系的過程，以及在這種環(huán)境下一個(gè)南方農(nóng)場(chǎng)奴隸主女兒斯嘉麗的傳奇生活。</p><p>　　斯嘉麗出生在一個(gè)父母不怎么相配的家庭，她的父親是一個(gè)愛爾蘭人，性格性格開朗、熱情、隨便，不喜歡被規(guī)則所束縛，但渴望了解其他社會(huì)和文化。她的母親出身美國(guó)南部佐治亞州的一個(gè)富裕的莊園，家庭高貴，像優(yōu)雅端莊的法蘭西貴族，她高貴、典雅、嬌柔，能將農(nóng)場(chǎng)以及

4、家庭的一切打理的井井有條。他們一個(gè)有著豪爽仗義的愛爾蘭農(nóng)民精明樸實(shí)的血統(tǒng)，一個(gè)有著極富教養(yǎng)的法國(guó)海濱貴族血統(tǒng)，郝思嘉就是這兩種血統(tǒng)的交匯。她的外表嫻靜優(yōu)雅美麗，但是內(nèi)心卻有許多在當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)被認(rèn)為是驚世駭俗的想法。她愛上了她心目中的白馬王子艾希利，并且一心要與其私奔?？墒前＠麤]有如她所想的也愛上她，反而是告訴郝思嘉他已經(jīng)與溫柔善良的媚蘭訂婚，即將結(jié)婚。這一幕還被另一不知禮教為何物的白瑞德目睹，郝思嘉惱羞成怒，搶先嫁給媚蘭的兄弟查爾斯。新

5、婚不久，南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)，查爾斯和艾希利作為征兵上了前線。沒多久，查爾斯就在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中死去，郝思嘉成了規(guī)矩多多，毫無(wú)樂趣的寡婦。在一次支持戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的義賣活動(dòng)中，郝思嘉又遇見了看起來(lái)風(fēng)度翩翩的投機(jī)商人白瑞德，他有意追求，但被拒絕。接著南方軍隊(duì)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中敗報(bào)頻傳，亞特蘭大城里擠滿了傷兵，還有消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)北方軍隊(duì)快要打過來(lái)了，很多人都</p><p>　　本書中的每一個(gè)人物性格鮮明，栩栩如生?，敻覃愄赝觊_始就從父親以及鄰居間的談?wù)撝?/p>

6、聽到的關(guān)于南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，當(dāng)她26歲的時(shí)候決定創(chuàng)作一部關(guān)于南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的小說(shuō)時(shí)，亞特蘭大自然就成了小說(shuō)的背景。小說(shuō)中對(duì)于南方奴隸制度的緬懷態(tài)度以及男女主人公的性格特點(diǎn)使本書備受爭(zhēng)議。同時(shí)，書中體現(xiàn)的落后的世界觀與現(xiàn)實(shí)主義創(chuàng)作方法的矛盾，也造成了這本書思想的在當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的評(píng)論傾向兩極化。但是，因?yàn)椤讹h》創(chuàng)作于第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后，人們正經(jīng)歷著巨大的思想變革，這使得作者的思考空間變得寬廣。而且，瑪格麗特的祖母經(jīng)歷了南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，她的母親是社會(huì)精英?；钴S于不同

7、的場(chǎng)所。米切爾自己也經(jīng)歷了一戰(zhàn)，有經(jīng)歷過因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭(zhēng)而失去親人的痛苦，這使得作者塑造了性格鮮明矛盾的郝思嘉。作者兩次的婚姻也幫助她成功的塑造了許多各式各樣的郝思嘉身旁的男人們。瑪格麗特真實(shí)再現(xiàn)了戰(zhàn)前、戰(zhàn)時(shí)、戰(zhàn)后人們的變現(xiàn)以及性格的轉(zhuǎn)變，反映了時(shí)代的進(jìn)步所經(jīng)歷的坎坷和人們的茫然。</p><p>　　白瑞德作為本書中的男主人公，他是桀驁不馴的，是叛逆的，他違反南方的道德規(guī)范，堅(jiān)持自己的簡(jiǎn)介，有自己的處事原則，因此與南方

8、社會(huì)格格不入，甚至不為自己的家人接納?？墒撬槕?yīng)了時(shí)代的變化，他靠著自己準(zhǔn)確敏銳的觀察力和清醒的頭腦，在戰(zhàn)時(shí)做投機(jī)生意。當(dāng)人們都狂熱的投入戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的時(shí)候，他卻將南方的棉花運(yùn)至北方，并從北方運(yùn)回皮革和槍械，從中牟取暴利。戰(zhàn)前一文不值的流氓痞子變成戰(zhàn)后腰纏萬(wàn)貫的大富翁。他是一個(gè)彬彬有禮，受人愛戴的民主黨人，也會(huì)死一個(gè)熱愛南聯(lián)盟擁護(hù)舊南方的人。在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最后時(shí)刻，他甚至顧不上心愛的人跑去參軍并表現(xiàn)英勇，為南聯(lián)盟作最后的掙扎。戰(zhàn)后，他幫助永不放棄的南

9、方人重新取得選舉權(quán)，奪回尊嚴(yán)和應(yīng)有的地位，并為保護(hù)為南方而戰(zhàn)的男人們。還有白瑞德作為一個(gè)男人，他癡戀郝思嘉十幾年不變，一直在默默的等待著郝思嘉從她的不切實(shí)際的夢(mèng)幻愛戀中清醒過來(lái)，等待著郝思嘉把她的目光轉(zhuǎn)向身邊的他。但是他的愛其實(shí)是懦弱的。</p><p>　　而作為女主角的郝思嘉她一生都在追求兩樣?xùn)|西：一樣是艾希利的愛。一樣是很多的錢。前者是精神的，后者是物質(zhì)的。郝思嘉有其獨(dú)特的性格，她既有水一般的溫柔又有火一般

10、的熱烈。小說(shuō)開頭的郝思嘉讓我們看到了她表面的優(yōu)雅和性情的率真，那是種和她父親般的愛爾蘭人性格已占上風(fēng)。她向往自由自在的生活，不受世俗的約束。作為未嫁少女的她渴望成為眾人的焦點(diǎn)得到艾希利的注意，作為寡婦的她渴望再次翩翩起舞，作為弗蘭克的妻子渴望借由小小的木材店讓自己重新大放異彩。她渴望借由很多很多的錢讓自己得到自己向往很久的“想做什么就做什么”的生活。生活使她懂得了“適者生存，弱肉強(qiáng)食”的法則，她清楚地明白那些充滿魅力的傳統(tǒng)文化、讓人敬仰

11、的優(yōu)雅禮儀是不能當(dāng)飯吃、當(dāng)衣服穿的，所以她拋棄了一切甚至人性道德，義無(wú)返顧地成為一個(gè)名副其實(shí)的資本家。可是，白天自信、勇敢、不知疲倦的為生存和金錢拼命的斯佳麗到了夜里，卻時(shí)常忍受著噩夢(mèng)的困擾，夢(mèng)魘中的她總是孤寂地、恐怖地在迷蒙的濃霧中拼命地奔跑，尋找那塊“安全之地”，卻又總是尋而不見。這種夢(mèng)魘中的情緒常常在現(xiàn)實(shí)中偷偷地侵襲她，暗暗啃噬她的心，這正是斯佳麗意識(shí)深處執(zhí)拗追求的“靈魂的歸宿”和“精神的家園”</p><p&

12、gt;　　二、相關(guān)研究的最新成果及動(dòng)態(tài) </p><p>　　《飄》自出版后，收到廣泛的關(guān)注。它受歡迎的程度可以從一版再版中看出?？屏炙??????????布魯克在《小說(shuō)鑒賞》中指出《飄》節(jié)食了資本主義必將取代奴隸制的歷史大趨勢(shì)。約瑟夫?多諾萬(wàn)在《女權(quán)主義的知識(shí)分子傳統(tǒng)》一書中詳細(xì)分析了《飄》中體現(xiàn)的女權(quán)主義思想。</p><p>　　三、課題的研究?jī)?nèi)容及擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線及研究難

13、點(diǎn)，預(yù)期達(dá)到的目標(biāo)</p><p><b>　　研究?jī)?nèi)容</b></p><p>　　時(shí)代背景是小說(shuō)中故事發(fā)展的助推器，它推動(dòng)了故事情節(jié)的主要發(fā)展方向。也在作者的潛意識(shí)中影響他們對(duì)于小說(shuō)人物的塑造。作者利用對(duì)于設(shè)定的背景時(shí)代的了解與研究，以及對(duì)于那個(gè)時(shí)代的人的心理和思想的揣摩，努力重現(xiàn)在那樣的社會(huì)中的人會(huì)如何處世。所以時(shí)代背景對(duì)于小說(shuō)人物性格的影響是顯而易見的，在分析

14、人物為何會(huì)這樣的時(shí)候，要考慮到他所處的時(shí)代與環(huán)境，才能完全理解人物的性格。</p><p><b>　　研究方法及技術(shù)路線</b></p><p>　　本研究主要采用“文獻(xiàn)研究法”“個(gè)案研究法”“歸納法”等幾種方法進(jìn)行。文獻(xiàn)研究法是根據(jù)一定的研究目的或課題，通過調(diào)查文獻(xiàn)來(lái)獲得資料，從而全面地、正確地了解掌握所要研究問題的一種方法。文獻(xiàn)研究法被子廣泛用于各種學(xué)科研究中。

15、其作用有：①能了解有關(guān)問題的歷史和現(xiàn)狀，幫助確定研究課題。②能形成關(guān)于研究對(duì)象的一般印象，有助于觀察和訪問。③能得到現(xiàn)實(shí)資料的比較資料。④有助于了解事物的全貌。</p><p>　　研究難點(diǎn)及預(yù)計(jì)達(dá)到的目標(biāo)</p><p>　　人物性格不是一個(gè)可以單純完整的表達(dá)的方面。研究者的主觀意識(shí)也會(huì)影響分析時(shí)的準(zhǔn)確性。而且研究者所處的時(shí)代畢竟不是小說(shuō)的背景時(shí)代，也沒有相似的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷和家庭生活背景，難

16、免會(huì)有理解上的困難。 </p><p>　　四、論文詳細(xì)工作進(jìn)度和安排</p><p>　　選題 2010年7月5號(hào)---2010年7月30日</p><p>　　文獻(xiàn)綜述和開題報(bào)告 2010年7月5日--

17、-2010年10月</p><p>　　論文初稿 2011年2月—3月</p><p>　　畢業(yè)論文答辯 2011年5月底---6月初</p><p><b>　　五、主要參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　[1] Hu Jiena, American culture,history and literature.[

18、M]. Nan Kai University press, 2004.</p><p>　　[2] W.J.Cash, The Mind of the South. [M].New York: Vintage Books, 1987.</p><p>　　[3] Robert Diane. Faulkener and Southern Womanhood. [M]. Georgia:

19、the University of Georgia Press, 1994.</p><p>　　[4] 代良英．外國(guó)文學(xué)名著讀本[M]．成都：四川大學(xué)出版社，2003.4．</p><p>　　[5] 富華．活在名著中的女性[M]．寧夏：寧夏人民出版社．[6] 戈丹．啟迪世界的100部文學(xué)作品[M]．北京：中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)出版社．</p><p>　　[7]

20、 瑪格麗特.米切爾．飄[M]．新疆：伊犁人民出版社．[8] 王哲．外國(guó)文學(xué)名著速讀[M]．北京：中國(guó)工商出版社．</p><p><b>　　畢業(yè)論文文獻(xiàn)綜述</b></p><p><b>　　英語(yǔ)</b></p><p>　　淺談時(shí)代背景對(duì)于《飄》中人物性格形成的影響</p><p>　　一

21、、前言部分（說(shuō)明寫作的目的，介紹有關(guān)概念，扼要說(shuō)明有關(guān)主題爭(zhēng)論焦點(diǎn)）</p><p>　　《飄》是以美國(guó)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間的佐治亞州的瓊斯博羅和亞特蘭大為背景，講述了內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后南方重新組織并與聯(lián)邦政府重建關(guān)系的過程，以及在這種環(huán)境下一個(gè)南方農(nóng)場(chǎng)奴隸主女兒斯嘉麗的傳奇生活。本書中的每一個(gè)人物性格鮮明，栩栩如生?，敻覃愄赝觊_始就從父親以及鄰居間的談?wù)撝新牭降年P(guān)于南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，當(dāng)她26歲的時(shí)候決定創(chuàng)作一部關(guān)于南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的小說(shuō)時(shí)，亞特

22、蘭大自然就成了小說(shuō)的背景。小說(shuō)中對(duì)于南方奴隸制度的緬懷態(tài)度以及男女主人公的性格特點(diǎn)使本書備受爭(zhēng)議。同時(shí)，書中體現(xiàn)的落后的世界觀與現(xiàn)實(shí)主義創(chuàng)作方法的矛盾，也造成了這本書思想的在當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的評(píng)論傾向兩極化。但是，因?yàn)椤讹h》創(chuàng)作于第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后，人們正經(jīng)歷著巨大的思想變革，這使得作者的思考空間變得寬廣。而且，瑪格麗特的祖母經(jīng)歷了南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，她的母親是社會(huì)精英。活躍于不同的場(chǎng)所。米切爾自己也經(jīng)歷了一戰(zhàn)，有經(jīng)歷過因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭(zhēng)而失去親人的痛苦，這使得作

23、者塑造了性格鮮明矛盾的郝思嘉。作者兩次的婚姻也幫助她成功的塑造了許多各式各樣的郝思嘉身旁的男人們?，敻覃愄卣鎸?shí)再現(xiàn)了戰(zhàn)前、戰(zhàn)時(shí)、戰(zhàn)后人們的變現(xiàn)以及性格的轉(zhuǎn)變，反映了時(shí)代的進(jìn)步所經(jīng)歷的坎坷和人們的茫然。</p><p>　　本文將立足于《飄》這一文壇經(jīng)典著作本身以及其寫作背景和主人公所處的特殊時(shí)代特點(diǎn)的分析的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對(duì)書中典型人物的性格特點(diǎn)的研究與探索，分析當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)代背景對(duì)于作者塑造人物，模擬人物對(duì)話，行為時(shí)的

24、影響。</p><p><b>　　相關(guān)概念</b></p><p>　　《飄》：這是美國(guó)女作家瑪格麗特·米切爾花費(fèi)十年心血完成的作品，也是她生前出版的唯一的一部作品。從出版至今，《飄》在全球的銷售量早已超過3000萬(wàn)冊(cè)，被奉為經(jīng)典名著。</p><p>　　時(shí)代背景：時(shí)代背景是小說(shuō)中故事發(fā)展的助推器，它推動(dòng)了故事情節(jié)的主要發(fā)展方向。

25、也在作者的潛意識(shí)中影響他們對(duì)于小說(shuō)人物的塑造?！讹h》是以1861年4月～1865年4月發(fā)生在北方資本主義者和南方的農(nóng)場(chǎng)奴隸主之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，一般稱為美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。在那張戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前后，美國(guó)的南方人民的生活經(jīng)歷了翻天覆地的變化。小說(shuō)中的人物性格也因此發(fā)生了各種的變化。</p><p>　　人物性格：是小說(shuō)等敘事性文學(xué)作品藝術(shù)形象的主體。文藝作品所描寫的各種人物身上所體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的獨(dú)有的思想、品質(zhì)、行為、習(xí)慣等特征。不同時(shí)代不同階級(jí)的

26、人或同一階級(jí)但處于不同社會(huì)環(huán)境中和具有不同生活經(jīng)歷的人，其性格特征就各不相同。</p><p><b>　　爭(zhēng)論焦點(diǎn)</b></p><p>　　女主人公斯嘉麗是一個(gè)南方大農(nóng)場(chǎng)主的女兒，有一對(duì)性格迥異的父母，生性熱情大膽卻從小被優(yōu)雅無(wú)雙的母親和當(dāng)時(shí)南方的婦女道德觀所束縛，造就了一個(gè)表里不一致甚至是相反的獨(dú)一無(wú)二的斯嘉麗。在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)發(fā)生前，發(fā)生時(shí)和發(fā)生后，她的心理歷程的演變

27、是如何的，是如何從一個(gè)養(yǎng)尊處優(yōu)的千金小姐轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)獨(dú)立，有遠(yuǎn)見的女強(qiáng)人。還有小說(shuō)中的其他人物的性格又是怎樣隨著這個(gè)時(shí)代的變化而變化的。</p><p>　　二、主題部分（闡明有關(guān)主題的歷史背景、現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展方向，以及對(duì)這些問題的評(píng)述）</p><p>　　1936年,瑪格麗特·米歇爾發(fā)表了長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《飄》(GoneWith the Wind)。此書一經(jīng)問世,就取得了巨大成功,受到世人

28、的矚目。根據(jù)此書拍攝的電影《亂世佳人》更是盛況空前,為小說(shuō)增添了無(wú)窮的魅力?，敻覃愄?#183;米歇爾于1900年出生于美國(guó)佐治亞州亞特蘭大市一個(gè)律師家庭。30年代初,她在《亞特蘭大報(bào)》任副刊編輯。在此期間,她閱讀了大量有關(guān)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期的歷史資料,為以后的寫作積累了大量的素材?；楹?她因腿傷辭去職務(wù),歷經(jīng)10個(gè)春秋,寫成了她的大作《飄》,并因此而聲名大噪?！讹h》自半個(gè)世紀(jì)前出版以來(lái)，這部厚達(dá)1000多頁(yè)的小說(shuō)一直位居美國(guó)暢銷書的前列。截

29、止70年代末期，小說(shuō)己被譯成27種文字，在全世界的銷售量也逾2000萬(wàn)冊(cè)。瑪格麗特原意署名Tomorrow is Another Day，后出版商認(rèn)為與此書名相似的書太多，建議瑪格麗特想一個(gè)新名字，“飄”取自恩斯特·道森的詩(shī)：“我忘卻的太多了，Cynara！隨風(fēng)而去?！保?quot;I have forgot much, Cynara! gone with the wind"）。</p><p&g

30、t;<b>　　研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展方向</b></p><p>　　《英美文學(xué)研究新視野》中指出，《飄》之所以成為當(dāng)今世界流行的小說(shuō)，因?yàn)槭且徊棵阑钆疲饽媳睉?zhàn)爭(zhēng)的作品，其對(duì)廢奴運(yùn)動(dòng)是抵制的，其政治態(tài)度保守，同時(shí)因?yàn)槲鞣轿膶W(xué)中重個(gè)體，個(gè)體的精神，是西方文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中注重人物典型刻畫的一個(gè)重要指導(dǎo)精神。要探討它的深刻意義需要和當(dāng)時(shí)的背景聯(lián)系起來(lái)。它是一部關(guān)于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的小說(shuō)，從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開始對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的崇敬之情

31、，對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的全然支持，到因戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)帶來(lái)的失去親人的痛苦，不得不屈服于命運(yùn)和戰(zhàn)后立志重建家園的艱辛歷程。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后，有的人因此而消沉，失去了原來(lái)的斗志，無(wú)法調(diào)整好自己的心態(tài)來(lái)面對(duì)支離破碎的生活。而有的人克服了失敗是的心理，面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)不畏艱險(xiǎn)，成了生活中的強(qiáng)者。</p><p>　　《飄》作為一部富有爭(zhēng)議的小說(shuō)，自然受到了文學(xué)界很多的關(guān)注。許多文學(xué)工作者從不同角度來(lái)分析和欣賞《飄》。以國(guó)內(nèi)為例,大翻譯家傅東華先生在其1940年初

32、版的《飄》譯本序中寫道：“就如本書的女主人公郝思嘉，你有時(shí)覺得她很面熟，有時(shí)又覺得她很陌生，有時(shí)你很能諒解她，有時(shí)卻要覺得莫名其妙，然而你始終都會(huì)覺得她十分真實(shí)，始終都會(huì)覺得作者的寫法無(wú)懈可擊。這一點(diǎn)就是一個(gè)人物描寫成功的要素，而唯其具有這一種要素，這一個(gè)人物就不容你給它戴帽子了?！钡孕癖容^了《<紅樓夢(mèng)>中的王熙鳳與<飄>中的斯佳麗》這兩位世界聞名的文學(xué)形象,發(fā)現(xiàn)她們的相同點(diǎn)在于均具有旺盛的精力和超群的能力,同時(shí)

33、又為達(dá)到目的不擇手段,個(gè)性突出,性格復(fù)雜。雖然二者因?yàn)闀r(shí)代、國(guó)度的不同存在許多差異,但是,她們都是同時(shí)代生活的強(qiáng)者,創(chuàng)造了不平凡的人生。何元媛在《飄不去的<亂世佳人>》中按照戰(zhàn)前、戰(zhàn)中、戰(zhàn)后的時(shí)間順序分析了作為南方大種植園主女兒的主人公斯佳麗在美國(guó)整個(gè)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)過程中心理歷程的演變軌跡。荊興梅在《<飄>的女性主義解讀》中從女性主義理論分析得出結(jié)論:斯佳麗從“真女性”躍身變?yōu)椤靶屡浴笔菓?zhàn)爭(zhēng)和工業(yè)化的產(chǎn)物,她最后遭受

34、的悲劇性結(jié)局是她在傳</p><p>　　三、總結(jié)部分（將全文主題進(jìn)行扼要總結(jié)，提出自己的見解并對(duì)進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展方向做出預(yù)測(cè)）</p><p>　　時(shí)代背景是小說(shuō)中故事發(fā)展的助推器，它推動(dòng)了故事情節(jié)的主要發(fā)展方向。也在作者的潛意識(shí)中影響他們對(duì)于小說(shuō)人物的塑造。作者利用對(duì)于設(shè)定的背景時(shí)代的了解與研究，以及對(duì)于那個(gè)時(shí)代的人的心理和思想的揣摩，努力重現(xiàn)在那樣的社會(huì)中的人會(huì)如何處世。所以時(shí)代背景對(duì)于

35、小說(shuō)人物性格的影響是顯而易見的，在分析人物為何會(huì)這樣的時(shí)候，要考慮到他所處的時(shí)代與環(huán)境，才能完全理解人物的性格。正如傅東華先生所說(shuō)：“單以好的小說(shuō)而論，你若要從人物方面去看它，你總可以看出里面有一些是你在哪里見過的，有一些是你的朋友，甚至有一些就是你自己。但是實(shí)際上，那些人物決不會(huì)和你所見過的人或是你的朋友或是你自己完全一樣。你在那些人物身上見出來(lái)的你見過的人或是你的朋友或是你自己，都不過是那些人物的—部分，決不是那些人物的全體。因若不

36、然，那部小說(shuō)就沒有具備創(chuàng)造性，因而也不能成其偉大了?！?lt;/p><p>　　四、參考文獻(xiàn)（根據(jù)文中參閱和引用的先后次序按序編排）</p><p>　　[1] Hu Jiena, American culture,history and literature.[M]. Nan Kai University press, 2004.</p><p>　　[2] W.J.

37、Cash, The Mind of the South. [M].New York: Vintage Books, 1987.</p><p>　　[3] Diane Roberts, Faulkener and Southern Womanhood. [M]. Georgia: the University of Georgia Press, 1994.</p><p>　　[4] Br

38、ian Philips &J ulie Hollar. Study Guides to Gone with The Wind [M]. Tianjin: Tianjin Technology TranslationPress, 2003</p><p>　　[4] 代良英．外國(guó)文學(xué)名著讀本[M]．成都：四川大學(xué)出版社，2003.4．</p><p>　　[5] 富華．活在名著中

39、的女性[M]．寧夏：寧夏人民出版社．[6] 戈丹．啟迪世界的100部文學(xué)作品[M]．北京：中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)出版社．</p><p>　　[7] 瑪格麗特.米切爾．飄[M]．新疆：伊犁人民出版社．[8] 王哲．外國(guó)文學(xué)名著速讀[M]．北京：中國(guó)工商出版社．</p><p><b>　　（20_ _屆）</b></p><p><b&g

40、t;　　本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　淺談時(shí)代背景對(duì)于《飄》中斯嘉麗性格形成的影響</p><p>　　英語(yǔ) </p><p>　　On the Influence of historical background on Scarlett’s Characters in Gone with the

41、 Wind</p><p><b>　　Contents</b></p><p>　　Abstract…………………………………………………………………………….III</p><p>　　1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………1</p><p>　　1.1 Backgro

42、und information about the novel……………………………………...1</p><p>　　1.2 Purpose of writing……………………………………………………………..2</p><p>　　2 Scarlett’s original characters before the War……………….………………….2</p>

43、<p>　　2.1 The typical Irish characteristic from her father………………………………3</p><p>　　2.2 The noble personality from her mother………………….…………………...3</p><p>　　3 Scarlett’s change during the Civil

44、War………………………………………....4</p><p>　　3.1 Scarlett’s rebellion at the beginning…………………………………………..4</p><p>　　3.2 Scarlett’s maturity during the hard time…………………………………….....5</p><p>　　3.2.

45、1 Scarlett’s courage on the way back to Tara……………………………….6</p><p>　　3.2.2 Scarlett’s sense of responsibility when in Tara…………………………...7</p><p>　　4 Scarlett’s full independence after the Civil W

46、ar……………………………….8</p><p>　　4.1 The real businessman…………………………………….…………………..8</p><p>　　4.2 Her attitude toward love……………………………………………………..9</p><p>　　5 Conclusion......................

47、.......................................................................................11</p><p>　　Bibliography………………………………………………………………………...12</p><p>　　Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………

48、.13</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　美國(guó)小說(shuō)家瑪格麗特·米切爾的小說(shuō)《飄》以南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)為背景，以南方的社會(huì)生活為生活環(huán)境的全景社會(huì)小說(shuō)。小說(shuō)全面展現(xiàn)美國(guó)南方社會(huì)風(fēng)貌以及各色人物在巨大的社會(huì)變革中的命運(yùn)變遷，通過展現(xiàn)不同人物在混亂復(fù)雜的社會(huì)環(huán)境中的命運(yùn)變化，揭示了不同的性格所必然走向的不同的命運(yùn)安排。生動(dòng)形象的刻畫了斯嘉麗這一典

49、型人物，給讀者留下了難以忘懷的印象。本文將淺談時(shí)代背景對(duì)于人物性格形成的影響。以小說(shuō)里面的時(shí)代發(fā)展為線索，闡述了斯嘉麗這一人物在經(jīng)受一系列生活的變故，打擊之后的性格發(fā)展及變化。戰(zhàn)火的洗禮，時(shí)代的變遷讓她從一個(gè)任性、自傲、嬌生慣養(yǎng)的不安分的貴族小姐，成長(zhǎng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛赂移床?，有?zé)任感，敢于挑戰(zhàn)世俗的成熟新女性，這種性格變化是值得讀者思考的。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：斯嘉麗；戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；困難；性格</p>&l

50、t;p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Gone with the wind is a great novel based on the American Civil War as time background and the southern society as life background. It fully displays all the fea

51、tures of the south society of America and the great vicissitudes of fate of the figures under the huge social changes. Then author shows us that different characters will lead the figures to the different ending, especia

52、lly the heroine, Scarlett who is a vivid figure and makes a deep impression on readers. The paper is about the influenc</p><p>　　Key words: Scarlett; war; difficulty; character</p><p>　　1 Introd

53、uction</p><p>　　1.1 Background information of the novel</p><p>　　Gone with the wind is a masterpiece in the literary history of America. Margaret Mitchell, the author of the great novel, devoted

54、 ten years of her life into the creation about this work. The piece is also the only one of her works that was published when Margaret was alive. The name of it comes from the poetry of Ernst Dawson: "I have forgot

55、much, Cynara! Gone with the wind." (Horace, 2002:1) It has been sold over 30,000,000 copies all over the world from the publication date to now. In 1937, Ma</p><p>　　Margaret Mitchell was born on Novemb

56、er 8th, 1900 in a lawyer family of Atlanta, Georgia. She was once a writer of Atlanta Journal since 1922 and during the following 4 years there were 129 pieces with signature and more pieces without signature being publi

57、shed. During the American Civil War, Atlanta used to be possessed by General W. Sherman of the North Union. From then on, the Civil War was the hit topic talked about by the citizens frequently. Margaret’s father was the

58、 former president of the</p><p>　　American Civil War is a famous and important war between the south and the north from April 1861 to April 1865. The bourgeois classes of the north focused on defeating the s

59、outh and while the slave owners aimed at expanding the slavery to the whole country. The causes of the war were the contradictions between the southern plantation economy and the northern capitalist economy. And then 11

60、southern states broke away from The Union for the reason that Abraham Lincoln acceded to the president and </p><p>　　Before the war, Georgia was a newly-plowed and red-land slave state. It was beautiful and

61、classic. The industrial civilization was far from this land. There were numerous manors and farms. Women were living in dependence upon the man power. They suffered the double suppression from male and themselves which m

62、ade they be in an affiliated society position and unable to decide their own destiny. But after the war, a new culture of women’s liberation and equality came into the city gradually. They w</p><p>　　1.2 The

63、 purpose of writing</p><p>　　In this thesis, the writer analyses the influence of the historical background on the character, Scarlett, in Gone with the wind. Scarlett is the most complex, vivid and changefu

64、l figure in the novel. She lives almost opposite lives before and after the American Civil War. She is quite different from others in the South of America. And the main reason that leads to her change is the war. Before

65、the war she is a romantic, pure and carefree young lady who is beloved by her parents. Father is indul</p><p>　　2 Scarlett’s original characters before the War</p><p>　　Scarlett was a clear, viv

66、id, rich, complex characters, the image of the enduring charm of the reason is the successful author of the characters in shape. She was a pretty, pure, romantic girl who was born in a rich upper-class family. Though she

67、 had many defects as a common noble lady like pride, vanity, willfulness, she was still an attractive girl because of her beauty and intelligence. She looked like a feminine and quiet young lady but in fact she was tough

68、 and capricious. The reason that ca</p><p>　　2.1 The typical Irish characteristic from her father</p><p>　　Scarlett’s father was a typical Irish who was shrewd and worldly. She had followed her

69、father generous rough, informal, and bad-tempered character. They were just like good friends at home. When the father saw his daughter jumping fences, he would blame Scarlett but not tell her mother Ellen. Then so did S

70、carlett. They had the same thoughts that they did not want Ellen to be angry and worried. </p><p>　　What Scarlett also learned from her father was that she was strong and optimistic to face the hard life. Wh

71、en the war broke out, she could give up the lavish lifestyle and get her feet back on the ground after a number of psychological blow and trauma. She believed the red earth of Tara just as her father often said, “In this

72、 world there are only land and sun. Amen.” She was adamancy, self-confident and the land was the most beloved in her life. Scarlett was generous to the black servants. She e</p><p>　　2.2 The noble personalit

73、y from her mother</p><p>　　Scarlett’s mother had mild, over-attention to education blue blood of seaside in her body. And actually so did Scarlett. She nurtured Scarlett good moral values at an early age; Sc

74、arlett always wanted to be like her mother--a feminist style of the lady while it went against her natural instincts. Her mother meant not just a mom to her but also the whole ethics of the society. But when Scarlett was

75、 with her mother who was totally an example of female, her feelings were complex. On one hand, she c</p><p>　　The mother’s education authentically produced a great effect on Scarlett in a long time. In her m

76、ind, Mother was the very patron and only mother and the god were infallible and incomparable. She respected her mom and regarded her as the idol, but on the other hand she even wanted to run the fingers through Mom’s hai

77、r and make fun of her. She reacted against the inculcation of her mom, but on the other hand she viewed her mother as a female deity. These complexities affected her multiple characte</p><p>　　3 Scarlett’s c

78、hange during the Civil War</p><p>　　Too much suffering in the war forced Scarlett to strength, to be brave, to work hard and to self-improve. Experiences in the war were also the transformation process of th

79、e heroine. During this period Scarlett transformed from an arbitrary, pleasure-seeking young woman into an astute, aggressive, while mean and hard-hearted businesswoman because she became the one who took control in her

80、new family. At that time, she was no longer a little girl who only cared about her love, her balls and her an</p><p>　　3.1 Scarlett’s rebellion at the beginning</p><p>　　At the beginning of the

81、war, Scarlett was still the beautiful and selfish noble lady. She would marry Charles just for the one she loved didn’t love and was going to marry another girl. That was the mistaken decision which was almost her first

82、failure. She was still willful and careless about others including her own baby. She was stubborn, she loved freedom, and she was unwilling to be restrained by the social regulations. So she was always thinking about doi

83、ng something that she really wanted </p><p>　　To rebel, or maybe because of her self-esteem, she married Melanie’s cousin, Charles. Then the war started. Men went to the war and Charles died even never fough

84、t in a real war just because of illness. So Scarlett had become a wife just in two weeks, and within two months she was a widow. Then she had her first baby, Wade. She felt so annoyed and gloomy for she was eager to be c

85、arefree and Scarlett O’Hara again. “Marriage was bad enough, but to be widowed, the life was over forever!” And her min</p><p>　　At first, there was an exciting atmosphere about the place that uplifted he fo

86、r the face of the rapidly growing city was animated with never-ceasing energy and bustle. But later she felt unhappy again because she could not wear beautiful clothes, could not go to parties, which she cared most. At t

87、hat time her mind was still disabused. Once, she threw herself on the bed and was sobbing at the top of her voice, sobbing for her miserable life. Then she realized that she wanted to relieve herself. A</p><p&

88、gt;　　3.2 Scarlett’s maturity during the hard time</p><p>　　Scarlett had the unbending thought and never admitted defeat. She had strong characters when meeting troubles. She always thought, “I’ll think it to

89、morrow when I could stand it.”(Mitchell, 1936: I493) During the hardest war time, Scarlett changed the most. The courage and persistence she presented during that time were actually amazing. The break of Atlanta was the

90、turning point of Scarlett’s life and her character. It’s the break that made her know the horror and cruelty of the war. The war tea</p><p>　　After she came back home and faced the bad situation of home, the

91、re were descriptions of the change of her thought, of how she struggle to bear all this and how she finally became braver. At the moment of hearing the news of her mother’s death, she felt nothing expect for trembling. S

92、he said to herself, “I will think of mother later. I must put my mother out of my mind now, else I will stumble stupidly.”(Mitchell, 1936: I469) The long road from Atlanta to Tara had ended. While never could Scarle</

93、p><p>　　3.2.1 Scarlett’s courage on the way back to Tara</p><p>　　When the war spread to Atlanta, Scarlett had to stay in the city instead of escaping like other people—Melanie was going to give bi

94、rth and could not be moved. On the road to look for Dr Meade, she saw hundreds of wounded men, lying in the pitiless sun and moaning. Everywhere, swarms of flies hovered over the men, crawling and buzzing in their faces.

95、 Everywhere was blood, dirty bandages groans, screamed curses of pain as stretcher-bearers lifted men. In order to look for Dr Meade, she had to go t</p><p>　　Finally Rhett helped Scarlett escape out of flam

96、es of war. Scarlett stood helplessly looking at him at first, the Rhett said to her jokingly: “can this be the heroic young woman who assured me she feared neither God nor man?” She said, “I’m not afraid.”(Mitchell, 1936

97、: I396) But he left them after he was sure that they were safe, for his patriotism broke out and he would go to join the army. Then Scarlett had to overcome those unimaginable troubles---the nightmare journey after Rhett

98、 went away: </p><p>　　3.2.2 Scarlett’s sense of responsibility in Tara</p><p>　　Scarlett was becoming a great young woman from the moment she handled the situation of Tara and then managed to ma

99、ke plans and give orders. She was no more the girl who had never raised her hand even to pick up her discarded stocking from the floor. She had to go out to search foods. She began a life which she needed to walk around

100、and pick up cabbages with a fires and faint body. She was so sick that she even laid weakly on her face the earth as soft and comfortable as a feather pillow. She had</p><p>　　Starvation and poverty were not

101、 the whole material difficulties. One day, Yankees came. When a Yankee entered, Scarlett’s first terrified impulse was to hide in the closet, crawl under the bed, fly down the back stairs and run screaming to the swamp,

102、anything to escape him. However she immediately thought of the Yankee’s eating their meager meal and stealing made her shake with anger. Her responsibility told her she must protect her family, their foods, and their hom