電氣畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯--智能建筑

1、<p><b>　　外文文獻：　</b></p><p>　　The Intelligent Building</p><p>　　One of the benefits of the rapid evolution of information technology has been the development of systems that can

2、measure, evaluate, and respond to change。An enhanced ability to control change has sparked developments in the way we design our physical environment, in particular, the buildings in which we work。As a result, we are wit

3、nessing significant growth in the area of "Intelligent Buildings"--buildings that incorporate information technology and communication systems, making them more comfo</p><p>　　What is an Intelligen

4、t Building? An Intelligent Building is one equipped with the telecommunications infrastructure that enables it to continuously respond and adapt to changing conditions, allowing for a more efficient use of resources and

5、 increasing the comfort and security of its occupants。 An Intelligent Building provides these benefits through automated control systems such as: heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC)； fire safety； security；

6、and energy/lighting management。For exam</p><p>　　What benefits do Intelligent Buildings offer their owners and occupants? </p><p>　　The introduction in the workplace of computers printers photoc

7、opiers, and fax machines has increased indoor pollution。Electrical and telecommunications facilities in office buildings are under pressure to satisfy the demands created by the rapid growth of computer and networking te

8、chnologies。These factors have a definite impact on productivity. New technology can be used to create Intelligent Buildings that address these problems by providing a healthier, more productive, and less energy-intensi&l

9、t;/p><p>　　How do Intelligent Buildings lead to cost savings?The Intelligent Building concept recognizes that the true cost of a building is not simply its cost of construction; it must contain the costs of op

10、erate and maintenance over the structure's life span。By optimizating automated control, communication, and management systems, Intelligent Buildings cost has reduced in all of these areas。They also guard against the

11、increasing of repairing costs, productivity loss, revenue loss, and the loss of custo</p><p>　　Can an Intelligent Building infrastructure be installed in existing buildings?Yes。The key competency of transfo

12、rmating conventional buildings into intelligent ones is installing single structured cabling network。Standard buildings featured in using different kinds of designs and administration methods from system to system。 The

13、additional facility of construction structured turns a conventional building into an intelligent one which can provide with increased efficiency and guarding it against</p><p>　　Why do Intelligent Buildings

14、increasingly become a part of business imperative?Because they contribute to the business requirements as follows: </p><p>　　· To communicate data quickly and reliably </p><p>　　· To

15、exercise greater control over the work environment </p><p>　　· To improve productivity and cost-effectiveness </p><p>　　In response to these needs, it offers its Business Solution of intell

16、igent wiring。 </p><p>　　Intelligent buildings design and construction management systems</p><p>　　The field of Intelligent Buildings, Intelligent Homes, Building Management Systems (BMS) encompa

17、ss an enormous variety of technologies, across commercial, industrial, institutional and domestic buildings which including energy management systems and building controls。The function of Building Management Systems is c

18、entral to 'Intelligent Buildings' concepts；its purpose is to monitor the function of building such as lighting，heating，security, CCTV and alarm systems；access control；audio-visual and </p><p>　　The o

19、rigins of Intelligent Buildings and Building Management Systems have roots in the industrial sector in the 1970's, from the systems and controls used to automate production processes and to optimise plant performance

20、s。The concepts and applications were then adapted, developed and modularised during the 1980's。</p><p>　　Intelligent buildings - control system </p><p>　　The essence of Building Management S

21、ystems lies in the Intelligent Buildings and control technologies, which allows integration, automation, optimising services and equipment provide services and managing environment。The essence of Intelligent Management S

22、ystems lies in Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) which formed the original basis of the control technologies。Later the developments of commercial and residential applications were based on “distributed-intelligence mi

23、croprocessors”. Taking a</p><p>　　Heating - time-based control </p><p>　　· Temperature control: when external temperature reaches a set level (0°C)，run heating system pumps to protect

24、the system from freezing or frost. </p><p>　　· Compensated systems: It will heat temperature to control the electricity when the temperature drops and this will give a rise in the circuit flow temperatu

25、re.</p><p>　　· Thermostatic radiator valves: the thermodetector of which installing in the same room can change the radiator radiates accordingly to the relevant flow.</p><p>　　· Propo

26、rtional control: including auto-switching equipment and auto-output adjusting. </p><p>　　Lighting control methods </p><p>　　· Zones: In order to avoid only a small parts of lights can be us

27、ed in a large area, lights are switched on corresponding to the use and layout of the lit areas. </p><p>　　· Time control: to switch on and off automatically in each zone at times to a preset schedule f

28、or light use。 </p><p>　　· Passive Infra-Red (PIR) Occupancy sensing: In areas which are occupied intermittently, occupancy sensors can be used to indicate whether or not anybody is present and control t

29、he switch of lights accordingly。 </p><p>　　Building management systems and intelligent buildings - energy savings</p><p>　　Until recent years, energy efficiency has been used at a relatively low

30、 priority and building owners and investors pay little attention to it。 However, with the dramatic increase of energy use and decrease of energy capacity, the concept of energy cost-efficiency has already soon became the

31、 important strategy of estate management, facilities management and also has being involving into the construction. </p><p>　　For lighting, energy savings can be up to 75% of the original circuit load, which

32、 represents 5% of the total energy consumption of the residential and commercial sectors。 </p><p>　　Experiences from studies in Austria suggest potential heating and cooling energy savings are up to 30% in p

33、ublic buildings。Even allowing for the fact that buildings used in the study may have been those with particularly high energy usage, the figure is an impressive one</p><p>　　Building management systems and i

34、ntelligent buildings - environmental and greenhouse gas benefits </p><p>　　Greenhouse gas emission reductions depend on and correlate to reductions in energy use。 </p><p>　　Intelligent Buildings

35、 and Building Management Systems technologies contribute directly to the reduction in energy use, in commercial, industrial, institutional and domestic residential sectors。</p><p>　　In short, Intelligent Bui

36、ldings and suitably applied Building Management Systems are good for the environment。</p><p>　　Legislation and environmental standards；health and safety regulations；and global trends towards improving indoor

37、 air quality standards are all significant drivers of - and provide a continuous endorsement of the need for - Building Management Systems and the Intelligent Buildings technologies。 </p><p>　　Government Ini

38、tiatives around the world are also driving the development and adoption of Building Management Systems technologies。For example the UK Carbon Trust allows Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) to be offset against taxation on

39、 energy efficient systems, which enables savings of around 30% for all energy-related Building Management Systems and Intelligent Buildings equipment, and the associated installation and design costs。</p><p>

40、;　　Building management systems and intelligent buildings - market trends</p><p>　　In Britain, through the establishment and control of the main high-tech fully into the new decoration industry, in recent yea

41、rs, the British buildings market to set up the new management system, make significant changes innovation.</p><p>　　· Heating system 70%。 </p><p>　　· Hot water control system 90%。 <

42、/p><p>　　· Air conditioning control system 80%。 </p><p>　　But according to the European commission statistics, as many as 90% of existing buildings have not adapt or invalid control system, ma

43、ny need a thorough overhaul.</p><p>　　The "intelligence" construction has become a real estate developers and owners hot spot, 24 hour visible entrance guard, long-distance meter reading billing, a

44、ll kinds of community service projects and convenient video on demand, on the web for village residents offered many life convenient. But the "intelligence" construction is a complex technology application proj

45、ect, as a community "intelligent" of the implementation of the relevant departments, need to pay attention, be ware of new construc</p><p>　　1、 Beware of haste to build, lack of careful planning.。&

46、quot;Intelligent" general by broadband network and several related the sub-project to realist, long-distance meter reading billing, security monitoring, all kinds of alarm systems, Internet browsing, etc are to be

47、included in the operation of the residential broadband network category. In software, needs to have the special application scheme for the development of community network information management system. The author thinks

48、 that although</p><p>　　2、Beware of "broadband" business trap. As "broadband" gradually popular, a group of specialized business "broadband" business company arises at the histo

49、ric moment. They frequently to property district promised to put into tens of thousands of funds; the plot offers one or two houses and other intelligent construction undertaken by "broadband" business company.

50、 The author thinks that "broadband" commercial service as a market behavior, both parties shall in contract introduced in detail in the p</p><p>　　3、Beware of pay heavily close attention to hardwar

51、e, software, lightly weight, the tendency of investment use. In the implementation of intelligent management solutions in the process, some units invest a lot of money to buy equipment, professional maintenance personnel

52、 allocation, and software is to disdain to investment, the use of the software is also the secretary or other personnel part-time settles., however, in the implementation of the process of intelligent software is the fou

53、ndation an</p><p>　　The author thinks that in the process of implementation of "intelligence" , prior to listen to all levels of management department opinions, the "intelligence" to real

54、ize what management function, this is the core of make plan; And then listen to the opinions of the professional staff, give full play to the function of equipment in hardware, on the basis of pay attention to in the man

55、agement means, existing equipment, the scheme can provide for management which data, what are the specific manage</p><p><b>　　中文譯文：</b></p><p><b>　　智能建筑</b></p>&l

56、t;p>　　信息技術(shù)的快速演變帶來得好處已經(jīng)發(fā)展到可以來測量、 評估和應對變化。 一種更強的控制改變的能力,已經(jīng)影響了我們設計物理環(huán)境的方式,尤其是對我們建筑物設計。因此，我們正目睹著"智能建筑"領(lǐng)域的日益增長--建筑融合了信息技術(shù)和通信系統(tǒng)，使其更加舒適、安全、高效和高成本效益。</p><p><b>　　什么是智能建筑</b></p><p

57、>　　智能建筑是配備通訊設施,在適應不斷變化的影響條件下,允許其更有效地利用資源和增加居民的舒適感和安全感。智能建筑通過自動化控制系統(tǒng)提供這些好處,例如:加熱、通風、空調(diào)(暖通)；消防安全；安保；能源/照明管理。 比如說,在發(fā)生火災時,消防安全報警系統(tǒng)控制打開大門。安防系統(tǒng)控制中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)空氣流量,以防止火勢蔓延。</p><p>　　智能建筑對業(yè)主及住戶提供什么好處?</p><p

58、>　　辦公區(qū)域的計算機、打印機、復印機、傳真機增加了室內(nèi)污染。為滿足計算機及網(wǎng)絡技術(shù)的快速革新,因而在辦公樓內(nèi)創(chuàng)建了電器和通訊設施。這些因素對工作效率有顯著影響。新技術(shù)通過提供一個更健康、更有效, 少能源密集型的工作環(huán)境來建造智能建筑，以便解決上述問題。因為這些有利商業(yè)成功的關(guān)鍵因素,智能建筑的業(yè)主有一個吸引和留住二十一世紀用戶的明確優(yōu)勢。</p><p>　　如何使智能建筑節(jié)約成本?</p>

59、<p>　　智能建筑的概念真正認識到了成本不僅是簡單的建筑成本；它必須包括結(jié)構(gòu)壽命的操作和維修費用。通過優(yōu)化自動控制、通訊和管理系統(tǒng),智能建筑削減所有這些方面的成本。他們也防范修理費的增加、生產(chǎn)力損失、收入損失、客戶流失。</p><p>　　智能建筑設備可以安裝在現(xiàn)有的建筑物上面嗎？</p><p>　　當然可以。改造傳統(tǒng)的智能建筑的核心能力是：安裝一個單一的網(wǎng)絡布線。 標準

60、建筑從系統(tǒng)到系統(tǒng)可以用不同的設計和管理方法為特色。建筑構(gòu)造附帶的設施把一個常規(guī)建筑變成智能建筑, 它提供較高的效率和防范，免遭系統(tǒng)故障。</p><p>　　為什么智能建筑逐步的成為企業(yè)規(guī)則的一部分?</p><p>　　因為他們對企業(yè)有以下貢獻: </p><p>　　迅速和可靠地通信數(shù)據(jù)</p><p>　　行使更大的監(jiān)管工作環(huán)境的能力&

61、lt;/p><p>　　提高生產(chǎn)率和經(jīng)濟效益</p><p>　　針對這些需求, 提供智能布線業(yè)務解決方案。 </p><p>　　智能建筑設計與建筑管理系統(tǒng) </p><p>　　智能建筑領(lǐng)域,智能化住宅,建筑管理系統(tǒng)(房舍)包含了多種技術(shù), 經(jīng)由全國商業(yè)、工業(yè)及住宅樓宇的機構(gòu),包括能源管理制度,建立管制。建筑管理系統(tǒng)的功能是智能型建筑概念的核

62、心；其目的是為了監(jiān)控建筑物的功能,例如:燈光、供暖、安全、閉路電視和警報系統(tǒng)；視聽娛樂系統(tǒng)、通風、過濾和氣候控制等準確控制；甚至于時間控制。這些潛在的觀念及多種邊緣技術(shù)，正在改變我們的生活。 </p><p>　　智能建筑的起源與建設管理體制在20世紀70年代根植于工業(yè)部門從系統(tǒng)和控制化用于自動化生產(chǎn)過程和優(yōu)化工廠效益。上世紀80年代，當時的概念與應用相結(jié)合協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。 </p><p>

63、;<b>　　智能樓宇控制論</b></p><p>　　建筑管理系統(tǒng)的本質(zhì)是在智能建筑和控制技術(shù)，它使一體化、自動化、所有優(yōu)化服務和設備提供服務和管理環(huán)境。智能化管理系統(tǒng)本質(zhì)是建立在可編程控制器(PLC)原有基礎上形成的控制技術(shù)。后來在商業(yè)和住宅的應用發(fā)展是基于“分布式智能微處理器”。利用這些技術(shù)可以充份運用到各種網(wǎng)站建設和服務，往往大幅降低成本,大量節(jié)省能源。</p>&l

64、t;p><b>　　供暖時間的控制 </b></p><p>　　●溫度控制:當外部溫度達到設置溫度（0℃）的時候運行加熱泵防止系統(tǒng)冷凍或者結(jié)冰。</p><p>　　●補償制度: 當溫度下降時，它將通過加熱溫度控制電路，使氣溫上升。</p><p>　　●溫控閥: 安裝在同一房間的溫度檢測器通過相應的流量控制器改變散熱器散熱。</

65、p><p>　　●比例控制:包括自動開關(guān)設備自動調(diào)節(jié)輸出。</p><p><b>　　照明控制方法</b></p><p>　　●分區(qū)控制: 為了避免出現(xiàn)大面積燈具而只有一小部分需要使用的情況的發(fā)生，不同區(qū)域的燈具都有相應的開關(guān)。</p><p>　　●時間控制:自動轉(zhuǎn)換,間斷地在每一個區(qū)域根據(jù)預定日程使用。</p&

66、gt;<p>　　●紅外傳感器的使用:在所監(jiān)管的地區(qū)，使用感應器可以用來判斷是否有人在場控制燈具的開關(guān)。</p><p>　　建筑管理系統(tǒng)和智能建筑的能源節(jié)約</p><p>　　近年來,能源利用率一直比較低,業(yè)主和投資者的對此也不重視。然而,隨著能源使用急劇增加和能源儲備量急劇減少，能源效益觀念已迅速成為房地產(chǎn)管理、設備管理和業(yè)務的重要戰(zhàn)略，并且正在滲入建筑行業(yè)。</

67、p><p>　　在照明方面,住宅和商業(yè)部門按投資總量5%節(jié)省能源可達原電路負荷75%。</p><p>　　經(jīng)驗表明奧地利公共建筑物節(jié)能能力高達30%，就算考慮到建筑物的使用與研究,尤其是那些可能使用的大量能源，這個數(shù)字是令人印象深刻的。</p><p>　　和建筑管理系統(tǒng)和智能建筑環(huán)境效益有關(guān)的智能建筑技術(shù)、建筑管理系統(tǒng)在工商業(yè)和住宅業(yè)減少溫室氣體的排放、降低能源使用

68、直接有助于減少能源使用。總之, 良好的智能建筑的建設和管理體制對環(huán)境有利。</p><p>　　立法和環(huán)保標準，健康與安全法規(guī)，全球趨勢和改善室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)標準均顯示需要建設智能化建筑管理系統(tǒng)和技術(shù)。政府還倡議全世界通過技術(shù)開發(fā)建設管理系統(tǒng)。譬如英國信托允許所有與能源有關(guān)的建筑管理系統(tǒng)、智能樓宇設備、 設計與安裝及相關(guān)費用抵消30%左右的稅收。</p><p>　　建筑管理系統(tǒng)和智能建筑市場

69、趨勢</p><p>　　在英國,通過建立和控制主要的高新技術(shù)全面推向新裝修行業(yè)，近些年來,英國建筑市場建立新的管理體制，促成重大革新。所有部門建議：</p><p><b>　　●加熱系統(tǒng)70%。</b></p><p>　　●熱水控制系統(tǒng)90%。</p><p><b>　　●空調(diào)控制80%。</b&

70、gt;</p><p>　　不過據(jù)歐洲委員會統(tǒng)計，多達90%的現(xiàn)有建筑物有不適應的或無效的控制系統(tǒng)，許多需要徹底翻修。 </p><p>　　小區(qū)的“智能化”建設已經(jīng)成為房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商和業(yè)主關(guān)注的熱點，24小時可視門禁、遠程抄表計費、各種社區(qū)服務項目以及方便的視頻點播、網(wǎng)上瀏覽為小區(qū)居民提供了諸多生活上的方便。但小區(qū)的“智能化”建設是一項技術(shù)復雜的應用項目，作為小區(qū)實施“智能化”的有關(guān)部門

71、，需要多加注意，謹防步入新的建設誤區(qū)。 </p><p>　　一、謹防倉促上馬，缺乏周密規(guī)劃?！爸悄芑币话阌蓪拵ЬW(wǎng)和若干相關(guān)子項目來實現(xiàn)，遠程抄表計費、保安監(jiān)控、各種報警系統(tǒng)、因特網(wǎng)瀏覽等均需納入小區(qū)寬帶網(wǎng)的運行范疇。在軟件方面，更需要有專門針對小區(qū)應用方案開發(fā)的網(wǎng)絡信息管理系統(tǒng)。筆者認為盡管各種相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品已紛紛上市，個別產(chǎn)品已趨于成熟，但相當一部分產(chǎn)品在技術(shù)規(guī)范方面還缺乏統(tǒng)一的標準，集成寬帶、智能化的條件還有

72、待成熟。許多居民小區(qū)在廠家的說服下今天裝可視對講、明天裝遠程抄表，這樣做不但造成小區(qū)建筑物內(nèi)各種線路錯綜交叉、重復施工，而且獨立運行的各廠家設備無法實現(xiàn)“智能化”的初衷。當然這不是說目前就不能實施智能化，不過小區(qū)的寬帶網(wǎng)敷設、局域網(wǎng)和可納入寬帶運行的各種設備應在專家的指導下進行。 </p><p>　　二、謹防“寬帶”商業(yè)陷阱。隨著“寬帶”逐步升溫，一批專門經(jīng)營“寬帶”業(yè)務的公司應運而生。他們動輒向物業(yè)小區(qū)許諾投

73、入數(shù)以萬計的資金，小區(qū)除提供一二間住房外，其他的智能化建設便由他們承包。筆者認為“寬帶”的商業(yè)化服務作為一種市場化行為，雙方應在合同中詳盡地介紹投資方日后可獲得的收益，物業(yè)公司也應該清楚地了解雙方在未來合作中各自的權(quán)利和義務。在物業(yè)管理過程中，小區(qū)的業(yè)主們在這種未來的消費中是否應當有“知情權(quán)”和“選擇權(quán)”，合同的合法性如何都是值得商榷的。 </p><p>　　三、謹防重硬件、輕軟件、重投資、輕使用的傾向。在實施

74、智能化管理方案過程中，一些單位投入大量資金購買設備，配置專業(yè)養(yǎng)護人員，而對軟件卻不屑于投資，軟件的使用也是秘書或其他人員兼職了事。殊不知，在實施智能化的過程中軟件是基礎和核心，一套完整的信息化管理方案，無論硬件設施多么完美，缺乏軟件的支持（確切說是支撐）其系統(tǒng)也不是一個成功的設計。 </p><p>　　筆者認為，在實施“智能化”的過程中，事先要聽取各級管理部門的意見，研究“智能化”要實現(xiàn)什么管理職能，這是制定方