生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）</b></p><p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　譯文題目:生化的分析者將Olli C + D使用在朝派酶學(xué)一年后的評(píng)價(jià)</p><p>　　學(xué)生姓名： 呂錦陽 學(xué) 號(hào)： 050921060 </p><

2、;p>　　專 業(yè)：生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程 方 向： 醫(yī)療器械 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： 但漢久 </p><p>　　2008年12月29日</p><p>　　Evaluation of the Olli C + D biochemical analyser after

3、over a year of use in enzymology</p><p>　　G. Baraton, D. Grafmeyer, A. Capuano, L. Richard and J. Sofia.</p><p>　　Laboratoire automatisde Biochimie Clinique, (Professeur J. Bertrand), HopitalEdo

4、uardHerriot, Place d’Arsonval, 69374 Lyon Cedex 2, France</p><p>　　To meet today’s clinical requirements, clinical biochemistry laboratories must be increasingly automated. The required criteria for an autom

5、atic analyser are reliability; the ability to change chemical reactions easily and quickly; rapid determinations and low analysis cost.</p><p>　　It appears that the Olli C + D parallel analyser (Kone Oy inst

6、rument division Espoo, Finland) answers these criteria. A report on the Olli C system has already been published by Puuka and Pukka [1]. This evaluation, using the C + Dsystem, deals with its intensive and daily use in e

7、nzymology over a period lasting more than one year.</p><p>　　Description</p><p>　　The instrument is a parallel, multichannel, photometric analyser. The different phases of determination are perf

8、ormed in batches of 24 samples including blanks, standards and controls. The rate of analysis is 700 tests per hour with end point determinations of 360 kinetic measurements per hour reaction time is 21A minutes.</p&g

9、t;<p>　　The analyser comprises three independent units, the sample diluter/processor, photometer (each controlled by microprocessor) and incubator. The sample change is performed by hand using disposable cuvettes

10、in a thermostatedblock.</p><p>　　The Olli D Diluter measures 350 x 1100 x 740 mm and weighs 70 kg. It is made up of a dispensing tray with 24 cuvette blocks which fit in the Olli C photometer, eight reagent

11、vessels, one block with 24 serum vials, an eight tip dispensing head and a digital display and keyboard. The diluter can be programmed by hand or by tape cassette for 30 analyses; it is possible to add serum and up to ei

12、ght reagents distributed in one or several runs. Each analysis programme follows the sequence:l. Attain re</p><p>　　The photometer measures 330 x 520 x 740 mm and weighs 48 kg. It comprises a computer, a the

13、rmal pri_nter and a thermostated measuring chamber (25, 30, 37C). The light source is a zenon lamp. A quartz optic fibre system allows the simultaneous measurement of 24 cuvettes. Filters have a bandwidth of 8 to 15 nm.

14、The smallest readable volume is 500 /al for end point determinations, and 300/1 for kinetic determinations.</p><p>　　The photometer can be programmed by hand or by tape cassette for 15 analyses which may be

15、made in end point mode, with or without blank measurement, or in kinetic mode, with or without reagent or serum blanks. Kinetics determinations are made using linear regression of 12 to 24 measurements in to 10 minutes.

16、The results are printed with the name and units of the programmed analysis. Error messages are printed; eg, if the chosen initial absorbance limits have been exceeded or if there is non-line</p><p>　　twelve

17、or 24 absorbance measurements used for the calculation of the activity of each determination. </p><p>　　The Olli incubator can handle four thermostated blocks. Each block contains one heating element and tem

18、perature regulation is maintained via a water circulating system. The incubation period is determined by a timer and each block incubation time is terminated with an audible alarm.</p><p>　　Material and metl

19、ods</p><p>　　The evaluation was carried out according to the rules suggested</p><p>　　by the French Society for Clinical Biology (SFBC) [2, 3].</p><p>　　Dilution and measurement<

20、/p><p>　　Accuracy, within-block and day-to-day, was tested with a solution of drawing ink (Mars 745 from Staedler Germany) prepared as follows: 1.7 ml of ink as supplied was dissolved by gentle stirring in 1000

21、 ml of distilled water and filtered in a buchner funnel through silicone paper. The solution was preserved with Merseptyl and stored at +4C. Dilutions were made by the Olli D processor into Olli arcylic cuvettes and abso

22、rbances were read on the Olli C photometer at 405 nm. Measurements were verifie</p><p>　　Control of temperature</p><p>　　The control of the temperature variations between 25 and 37C was tested b

23、y measuring the absorbance of a paranitrophenol solution, (15 mg in 1000 ml of Tris HCL 0.2 M, pH 6.8) at 405nm, Naudin et al 4]. The absorbances obtained at the chosen temperature were compared with those obtained using

24、 four thermostated analysers; Miniken (Coultronic),Cobas BIO (Roche,) PA 800 (Vitratron), ACP 5040 (Eppendorf) On the Olli C, the time needed to reach the set temperature of 30C or 37C with an analysis volum</p>&

25、lt;p>　　paranitrophenol solution. The temperatures of cuvette contents were also monitored with a Metrix temperature probe (HA 1159).</p><p>　　Optical performance</p><p>　　This was tested acco

26、rding to the procedure of Rand [5].Linearity and precision were tested using the following kits:UV-Trol (Biomerieux France) and Holnicob (Biotrol France).</p><p><b>　　Method</b></p><p&

27、gt;　　All analyses were performed at either 30C or 37C. The instrument settings were those recommended by the manufacturer.Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were measured by the Wrob

28、lewski method at 37C or by the recommended method of the SFBC at 30C with the Biomerieux kits. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was measured following the recommended procedure of the German Society of Clinical Biochemstry (DG

29、KC) at 37C. Accuracy, within day and day to day, and carryover we</p><p>　　Results and discussion</p><p>　　Accuracy and precision of the Olli D sample processor The results are presented in Tabl

30、e 1. Precision expressed as the coefficient of variation for 24 determinations was never greater than 0.925% for the most important dilution (10 of drawing ink in 510 1 of water).</p><p>　　The measured absor

31、bances varied directly with the amount of drawing ink added and were indistinguishable from those obtained by manual dilution. Day-to-day precision was 0.609% for the 1/12 dilution used routinely for SGOT and SGPT and 0.

32、925% for the 1/30 dilution used routinely for ALP.</p><p>　　The absorbance of drawing ink is temperature independant.The maximum variation for a temperature range of 20-40C and an absorbance of 1.690 was + 0

33、.002.</p><p>　　Temperature control</p><p>　　With the different automatic analysers the solution of paranitrophenol gave an average inverse ratio of 0.029 absorbance units for an increase of 1-C.

34、 With the Olli C, the absorbances</p><p>　　found were 1.948 + 0.002 at 25C and 1.595 + 0.004 at 37C, or 0.029 absorbance units/degree.</p><p>　　The desired termperature was reached rather slowly

35、. If the blocks and cuvettes were preheated to the designated temperature of 37 C, the usual volume of para-nItrophenol O (at the lmtlal temperature of + 4 C) reached 37 C in 8 minutes in the Olli C and 7 minutes in the

36、incubator (Figure 1).Similar results (not shown) were found for a set temperature of 30C, the steady state was reached in 6 minutes for the Olli C, and 5 minutes for the incubator.</p><p>　　The block has to

37、be manipulated outside the apparatus,and it is therefore impor_tant to know the rate of cooling. At a set temperature of 37C, the block outside the apparatus cooled by 0.5C during the first minute and then C/minute durin

38、g the following 5 minutes. Measurements were made with a temperature probe at ambient temperature.</p><p>　　To avoid this cooling when the blocks were manipulated outside the incubator for either the Olli C

39、or the Olli D, the set temperature in the incubator was set slightly higher, at30.2 for 30C and 37.4 for 37C.</p><p>　　Accuracy and precision of the photometer Linear absorption was maintained up to 2.2 unit

40、s of absorbance at 340 nm and up to 2.8 at 405 nm. Accuracy and precision, tested at 340 nm with the UV Trol kit (stabilized solution of NADH) were both good. Similar results at 660 nm were found with the Holnicob-kit (c

41、obalt nitrate).</p><p>　　Analytical results precision</p><p>　　Within-day and day-to-day precision measurements, precision for SGOT measurements at 37C are presented in Tables 2 and 3. The CV di

42、d not exceed 2.1% at any of the levels of serum activity studied. The SGPT and ALP values,measured at 37C, (valued not shown) were similar. SFBC recommendations specify within-day precision for SGOT to be within 2.0% at

43、the low level, 0.9% at the medium level and 1.9% at the high level of activity.</p><p>　　No carry over was detected when one row of eight high level control sera was followed by two rows of eight low level c

44、ontrol sera.</p><p>　　Table 2. Within day precision for SGOT measurements Results obtained using protocol A established by the SFBC.</p><p>　　Day-to-day precision and accuracy</p><p&g

45、t;　　Sera with three levels of SGPT activity were assayed each month for one year. The results are shown in Figure 2 where each point represents two to five daily determinations.Similar results were found (not shown) for

46、SGOT and ALP where the CV was never more than 7% at any considered serum level.</p><p>　　Reliability</p><p>　　No injury to operators was caused or seemed likely during the twelve month period of

47、 the test.</p><p>　　Figure 2. Each point represents the average of two to five daily control determinations on sera with three levels of activity during a month. (*- low level;-medium level; high level).<

48、/p><p>　　Table 3. Between days precision for SGOT measurements Results obtained using protocol A established by the SFBC [2] [3].</p><p>　　The electronics performed "well but were very sensiti

49、ve to even a short power interruption, so the analyser should be electrically stabilised to prevent the Olli D or Olli C of the computer memory being erased. </p><p>　　Systematic cleaning was carded out betw

50、een each analysis and no problems were experienced with theneedle obstruction.</p><p>　　Manual use of the keyboard and programming of the microprocessor</p><p>　　Olli D and C was easy.</p>

51、<p>　　Conclusion</p><p>　　The Olli C + D analyser with its incubator proved to be reliable and sufficiently precise. Its advantages are speed, end point or kinetics measurements for enzymology or immu

52、noenzymology,and the absence of immobilisation of the Olli C or D during long incubation periods.</p><p>　　Each analytical step is displayed and many malfunctions and errors are indicated. Reliable results w

53、ere obtained over a period of more than one year with 300-600 daily enzymatic determinations. A block for reactions volumes of 300ul.d is being developed by Kone and should lower reagent costs.</p><p>　　ACKN

54、OWLEDGEMENTS</p><p>　　The authors wish to thank Mrs Bonnet Paulien for reading the manuscript and Mr Panigoni (Kone Oy Instrument) for his help during this work.</p><p>　　REFERENCES</p>&

55、lt;p>　　[1] Puuka, R. and Puuka, M. (1980),JAutomat Chem 2, 153-158</p><p>　　[2] Collombel, C. (1977),Ana Biol Clin, 35,167-192</p><p>　　[3] Grafmeyer,D. (1978) Etude des performances globales

56、 d’apres le protocole A S.F.B.C. in Societe Francaise de Biologie Clinique.Mesure des Activites enzymatiques en Biologie Clinique.Grafmeyer, G., Collombel, C., Dingeon, B., Fournier, M., Mathieu,N., Varennes, J.P., Eds A

57、ssociation Amicale des Etudiants en Pharmacie, Lyon, FRANCE, pp 129-137</p><p>　　[4] Naudin, C. and Bailly, M. (1978), Etude de la thermostatation des analyseurs d’enzymes in Societe Francaise de Biologie Cl

58、inique. Grafmeyer, D., Collombel, C., Dingeon, B., Fournier,M., Mathieu, M., Varennes, J.P., Eds Association Amicale des Etudiants en Pharmacie, Lyon, FRANCE, pp 145-147</p><p>　　[5] Rand, R.N. (1969), Clin

59、Chem, 15, 839-863</p><p>　　生化的分析者在將Olli C + D使用在朝派酶學(xué)一年后的評(píng)價(jià)</p><p>　　G. Baraton, D. Grafmeyer, A. Capuano, L. Richard and J. Sofia</p><p>　　Laboratoire automatisde Biochimie Clinique

60、, (Professeur J. Bertrand),HopitalEdouardHerriotPlace d’Arsonval, 69374 Lyon Cedex 2, France</p><p>　　為符合現(xiàn)代臨床的要求,臨床的生物化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室一定是越來越要求對(duì)自動(dòng)分析者提供可靠性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn);容易和迅速改變化學(xué)反應(yīng)的性能;快速?zèng)Q定和降低分析估計(jì)成本.</p><p>　　例如Olli C+

61、D平行分析者((Kone Oy工具部門Espoo,芬蘭)回答這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn).一些關(guān)于Olli C系統(tǒng)的報(bào)告已經(jīng)已經(jīng)被被Puuka出版和分量足的[1].超過一年這評(píng)價(jià)處理它的仔細(xì)和每天使用在朝派酶學(xué)剩余物一時(shí)期耐久使用C+Dsystem.</p><p><b>　　緒論：</b></p><p>　　工具是一個(gè)平行,多信道的,光度學(xué)的分析者.決定反應(yīng)的不同階段履行在朝派批包

62、含空白,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和控制手段24樣品.21A分鐘分析的速度是根據(jù)根據(jù)小時(shí)反應(yīng)時(shí)間存在360運(yùn)動(dòng)的度量的小時(shí)有的端點(diǎn)決定700個(gè)試驗(yàn).</p><p>　　分析者包括三個(gè)獨(dú)立單位,樣品稀釋者//處理器,(每個(gè)被微處理機(jī))和孵化器控制光度計(jì).樣品改變被手履行使用在一thermostatedblock中可處理的透明小容器.</p><p>　　Olli D稀釋者尺寸為350 x1100 x740毫米和

63、重量是70千克.它存在編造的a,用24透明小容器起跑器,其安排Olli C光度計(jì),八艘試劑船,有24漿液小瓶的一起跑器,一配發(fā)頭兒和一根手指八小費(fèi)的配發(fā)盤子作炫耀行為和鍵盤.稀釋者能被手為編制程序或者在附近磁帶盒為30細(xì)察;添加漿液是可能的和多達(dá)八試劑分配在朝派一或者幾跑步.每一分析程序隨著sequence:l到來.達(dá)到反作用溫度((25,30,37C).2.測(cè)量試劑(5比1000/al 1//.tl)的在附近步和位置.3.測(cè)量和添加樣

64、品.4.(5到180次品)混合.</p><p>　　光度計(jì)尺寸為330 x520 x740毫米和重量是48千克.它包括一臺(tái)電腦,一熱的pri_nter和一溫度自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)器測(cè)量房間((25,30,37C).亮來源是一盞zenon燈.一石英眼的纖維系統(tǒng)允許24個(gè)透明小容器的同時(shí)度量.過濾器有一8到15 nm的帶寬.最小有趣容量是500/al為端點(diǎn)決定和300/1為運(yùn)動(dòng)的決定</p><p>　

65、　光度計(jì)能被手為編制程序或者在附近磁帶盒為15細(xì)察哪一個(gè)可以被在隨著或者沒有空白度量端點(diǎn)方式中或者在運(yùn)動(dòng)的方式,有的金色外面試劑或者漿液空白中作.動(dòng)力學(xué)決定被作10分鐘使用在向中12到24度量的線的退回.結(jié)果被隨著為分析編制程序的名字和單位加印.錯(cuò)誤信息被加印;例如,如果選擇開頭吸光率極限已經(jīng)被超過,金色條件有非線性的反作用.此外,已經(jīng)印是可能的十二或者24吸光率度量為活動(dòng)的計(jì)算使用每一決定.</p><p>　

66、　Olli孵化器能處理四溫度自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)器起跑器.每一起跑器含有一電熱元件和溫度規(guī)則被經(jīng)由一水保持傳播系統(tǒng).孵化期被一個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)員決心和每起跑器孵卵時(shí)間被隨著一個(gè)聽得見的警報(bào)結(jié)束.</p><p><b>　　材料和方法：</b></p><p>　　評(píng)價(jià)被按照被法國社會(huì)顯示為臨床的生物學(xué)(SFBC)[[2,3]規(guī)定實(shí)行.</p><p><b&

67、gt;　　稀釋和度量：</b></p><p>　　準(zhǔn)確性在-起跑器以內(nèi)-和天天被用一如下準(zhǔn)備吸引墨水((火星745從Staedler德意志)溶液測(cè)驗(yàn):如同提供那樣1.7 ml的墨水被和藹在1000年攪拌蒸餾水的ml解散和滲入一buchner漏斗通過硅氧烷紙.解決方案被用Merseptyl保持和在+4C儲(chǔ)藏.稀釋被Olli D處理器使變成Olli arcylic透明小容器和吸光率在405 nm被在Ol

68、li C光度計(jì)上閱讀.度量被手工稀釋查證偏于隨著一閱讀到來使用一小視野分光光度計(jì)(Coultronic)</p><p><b>　　對(duì)溫度的控制：</b></p><p>　　對(duì)溫度變化在中間25和37C的控制被測(cè)量一paranitrophenol解決方案的吸光率,15在Tris HCL0.2米的1000 ml中mg,在405nm,Naudin etal 4pH值6

69、.8測(cè)驗(yàn).選擇溫度是的吸光率得到阿特把溫度自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)器分析者和得到使用四那些比較;小視野Coultronic共同靈魂傳記Roche PA800 VitratronACP 5040Eppendorf在Olli C上時(shí)間需要隨著被一550的分析容量ul包含在溫度自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)器起跑器was跟隨的丙烯酸的透明小容器在朝派的達(dá)到30C或者37C的裝置溫度在吸光率的中指出減少 paranitrophenol解決方案.透明小容器目錄的溫度被用一Metrix

70、溫度探測(cè)器((HA 1159)也監(jiān)視.</p><p><b>　　光學(xué)表現(xiàn)：</b></p><p>　　這個(gè)被根據(jù)Rand[[5].Linearity的過程測(cè)驗(yàn)和精確性被測(cè)驗(yàn)使用下列的kits:UV-Trol((Biomerieux法蘭西)和Holnicob((Biotrol法蘭西).</p><p><b>　　方法：</

71、b></p><p>　　所有的一切細(xì)察履行阿特不是30C就是37C.工具設(shè)置是被manufacturer.Glutamic草酰乙酸的轉(zhuǎn)氨酶((SGOT)推薦那些在30C用Biomerieux配套元件和pyruvic轉(zhuǎn)氨酶((SGPT)被按照在37C Wroblewski方法或者按照SFBC的推薦方法測(cè)量.堿性磷酸酶((高山)was測(cè)量在37C隨著臨床的Biochemstry((DGKC)的德國社會(huì)的推薦過

72、程到來.在白天和白天向白天和留下的部分以內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確性被測(cè)驗(yàn)用動(dòng)物酶使用必然的地方,以釘狀物固定低,中等和高集中控制手段漿液.這些控制手段漿液被一種在生物的度量質(zhì)量控制控制中運(yùn)作本地聯(lián)系陳設(shè).贊成Bio.Qual,里昂,法蘭西.</p><p><b>　　結(jié)果和討論：</b></p><p>　　結(jié)果在1表中展示的Olli D樣品處理器的準(zhǔn)確性和精確性.當(dāng)為24決定協(xié)同因

73、素的變化從不是為吸引在510 1的水中墨水中最最重要稀釋10超過0.925%時(shí),精確性表示.</p><p>　　仔細(xì)斟酌吸光率用吸引墨水的總量外加的直接改變和是和被手工稀釋得到那些無法區(qū)分.為1/12稀釋日常的精確性was 0.609%被為例行公事地用于ALP的1/30稀釋例行公事地用于SGOT和SGPT和0.925%的</p><p>　　吸光率吸引墨水存在溫度的20-40C和一吸光率

74、的1.690的independant.The最大變化為一溫度范圍是+0.002.</p><p><b>　　溫度控制手段：</b></p><p>　　和不同自動(dòng)分析者paranitrophenol溶液為一1-C的增加給出一平均的相反的0.029個(gè)吸光率單位比率.用Olli C吸光率裁決是1.948在25C和1.595+0.004在37C或者0.029吸光率單位度方

75、面是 +0.002</p><p>　　期望溫度是相當(dāng)緩慢達(dá)到.條件起跑器和透明小容器被預(yù)熱向標(biāo)示溫度的37 C通常會(huì)發(fā)生的事情容量的帕拉-nItrophenol O(阿特lmtlal溫度的+4 C)達(dá)到37 C在朝派8分鐘在朝派Olli C和7分鐘在朝派孵化器(圖1).Similarresults(不展示)被發(fā)現(xiàn)為a設(shè)定溫度的30C穩(wěn)恒態(tài)was達(dá)到在朝派6分鐘為Olli C和5分鐘為孵化器.</p>

76、<p>　　起跑器必須被在裝置之外操縱,和它因此是impor_tant知道冷下來的速度.在一37C的裝置溫度方面,在下列的5分鐘在裝置之外起跑器經(jīng)過0.5C在第一分鐘然后C//分鐘冷下來.度量是制做有的一溫度探測(cè)器是在周圍的溫度方面</p><p>　　避開這個(gè)當(dāng)起跑器是的時(shí)候,冷下來在外面操縱為或者或者Olli COlli D孵化器,孵化器was略微高設(shè)定的裝置溫度在朝派,為37C at30.2為

77、30C和37.4.</p><p>　　光度計(jì)線的吸收was的準(zhǔn)確性和精確性在340 nm和多達(dá)2.8在405 nm保持吸光率的多達(dá)2.2個(gè)單位.在340 nm測(cè)驗(yàn)有UV Trol配套元件((使還原型煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)溶液穩(wěn)定的準(zhǔn)確性和精確性是兩個(gè)好處.在660 nm相似結(jié)果被用Holnicob-配套元件((鈷硝酸鹽)找出.</p><p><b>　　分析的結(jié)果精確性：&l

78、t;/b></p><p>　　在-白天和日常的精確性度量以內(nèi)-,-為在37C公畝SGOT度量精確性贈(zèng)送在朝派桌子2和3.CV沒有在漿液活動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)水平任何方面超過2.1%.在37C測(cè)量,(,珍視未展示)SGPT和ALP價(jià)值觀是相似.SFBC推薦在-白天精確性以內(nèi)-為在低水平方面2.0%,中等的第在方面0.9%和在高水平的活動(dòng)水平方面1.9%級(jí)以內(nèi)SGOT向是明確地講.</p><p>

79、;　　禁止射程剩余物was察覺什么時(shí)候被隨排八高水平的控制手段漿液而來的是兩排八低差不多控制手段漿液的</p><p><b>　　.</b></p><p>　　表2.在為SGOT度量白天精確性以內(nèi)結(jié)果得到公認(rèn)使用被SFBC建立禮儀A</p><p>　　日常的精確性和準(zhǔn)確性：</p><p>　　每月隨著SGPT活動(dòng)

80、的三水平漿液被分析在一年中.結(jié)果被向展示每一在哪里點(diǎn)代表二比五每天determinations.Similar結(jié)果的在朝派圖2被發(fā)現(xiàn)未為SGOT和ALP,那里CV在任何考慮漿液水平方面從不是超過7%的展示.</p><p><b>　　可靠性：</b></p><p>　　在試驗(yàn)的十二月時(shí)期禁止對(duì)操作員傷害被造成或者似乎是可能.</p><p>

81、;　　圖2.在一個(gè)月每一點(diǎn)隨著活動(dòng)的三水平代表在漿液上二比五每天控制手段決定的平均.*-低level;-中等水平;高水平的.</p><p>　　表3.在為SGOT度量幾天精確性之間結(jié)果得到公認(rèn)使用被SFBC[[2][[3]建立禮儀A.</p><p>　　電子學(xué)好性能但是是非常敏感是甚至一簡(jiǎn)潔力量中斷,所以分析者應(yīng)該用電力是stabilised阻礙電腦記憶存在的Olli D或者Olli

82、C擦掉</p><p>　　系統(tǒng)打掃從里面在每一分析之間被在上附卡片和沒有problems是有經(jīng)驗(yàn)用是theneedle障礙</p><p>　　鍵盤和微處理機(jī)Olli D和C was的編程的手工使用是容易</p><p><b>　　結(jié)論：</b></p><p>　　它的孵化器證明Olli C+D分析者用是可靠和足夠

83、準(zhǔn)確的.在長孵化期時(shí)期它的優(yōu)勢(shì)為Olli C或者D的酶學(xué)金色immunoenzymology和沒有不動(dòng)化是速度,端點(diǎn)或者動(dòng)力學(xué)度量.</p><p>　　每一分析的步被展示和很多功能障礙和錯(cuò)誤被指示.在一超過一年的時(shí)期的時(shí)間中可靠結(jié)果300-600每天酶的決定地被得到.一起跑器為反作用大量的300ul.d存在存在發(fā)展在附近Kone和是應(yīng)該降低試劑costs</p><p><b>

84、;　　致謝：</b></p><p>　　作者希望感謝夫人女帽Paulien和先生Panigoni在這工作期間修改手稿 (Kone Oy他的幫助的工具.)</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)：</b></p><p>　　[1] Puuka, R. and Puuka, M. (1980),JAutomat Chem 2, 153

85、-158</p><p>　　[2] Collombel, C. (1977),Ana Biol Clin, 35,167-192</p><p>　　[3] Grafmeyer,D. (1978) Etude des performances globales d’apres le protocole A S.F.B.C. in Societe Francaise de Biologie

86、 Clinique.Mesure des Activites enzymatiques en Biologie Clinique.Grafmeyer, G., Collombel, C., Dingeon, B., Fournier, M., Mathieu,N., Varennes, J.P., Eds Association Amicale des Etudiants en Pharmacie, Lyon, FRANCE, pp 1

87、29-137</p><p>　　[4] Naudin, C. and Bailly, M. (1978), Etude de la thermostatation des analyseurs d’enzymes in Societe Francaise de Biologie Clinique. Grafmeyer, D., Collombel, C., Dingeon, B., Fournier,M., M