機(jī)械手外文翻譯3

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　Manipulator</p><p>　　Manipulator is nearly decades developed a kind of high-tech automatic production equipment. Industrial manipulator is industrial

2、robot as an important branch. Its characteristic is can programmed to perform a variety of expected task, structure and performance in both of their respective and robot a bit, especially reflected the intelligence of pe

3、rson and adaptability. Manipulator and the accuracy of all kinds of environment homework in finish the homework ability, in all areas of the national e</p><p>　　First，a industrial overview of manipulator<

4、/p><p>　　Manipulator is a position control and automation to programming changes to the multi-function machine, it has more freedom, can be used to carry objects to complete in every different environment. In t

5、he low level of wages in China, the plastic products industry still belongs to the labour-intensive, the use of robots has been more and more popular. The electronic and cars in the United States and Europe multinational

6、 companies have long in the factory in China they brought in the automation pro</p><p>　　With the rapid development of our industrial production, especially after the reform and development, automation degre

7、e of increasing quickly, realize the workpiece loading, unloading, turn to, transmission or operating fiber airbrush, welding, and wrench and tools for processing, assembling and homework since the change, already more a

8、nd more cause our attention.</p><p>　　Manipulator is part of the action imitating the hands, according to the given program, track and demanding acquirement, handling or operation of the automatic mechanical

9、 device.</p><p>　　In real life, if you will find such a problem. In machinery factory, processing components of loading and unloading time is very vexed, labor productivity is not high, the production cost,

10、sometimes happen some human accident, resulting in processors were injured. Think about it with what can instead of it, processing of time as long as there are several people looked around the, and can be twenty-four hou

11、rs in saturated operation, pedestrian? The answer is "yes", but manipulator can instead of </p><p>　　Production application can improve the production of the manipulator automation level and the la

12、bor productivity; Can reduce labor intensity, ensure the quality of products, and realize safe production; Especially in high temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, toxic gases and ra

13、diation and other heavy environment can replace people normal work. Thought of here I very want to design a manipulator, to used in the production practice.</p><p>　　Why choose the design with pneumatic mani

14、pulator to provide the power: pneumatic manipulator is to point to to compressed air as power source drive of the manipulator. With pneumatic drive and other energy drive more has the following advantages: 1. The air ine

15、xhaustible, and after with vented into the air, do not need to recycle and the processing. Don't pollute the environment. (environmental protection concept) 2. The air with sex is very small, in pipeline pressure los

16、s also very small (gene</p><p>　　With pneumatic drive and other energy is driven by the following advantages:</p><p>　　Air inexhaustible, and after with vented into the air, do not need to recyc

17、le and the processing. Don't pollute the environment. Accidental or a small amount of leakage from serious influence on production.</p><p>　　Air sticky is very small, in pipeline pressure loss was small,

18、 facilitate transmitted over a long distance.</p><p>　　Compressed air pressure is low, so the pneumatic components material and manufacturing precision requirement can be reduced. Generally speaking, recipro

19、cating motion thrust in 1 ~ 2 tons of the following adopt pneumatic economy is better.</p><p>　　And hydraulic transmission than its action and reaction are fast, this is one of the advantages of pneumatic ou

20、tstanding.</p><p>　　Air medium clean, also won't metamorphic pipeline, not easy jam.</p><p>　　It can be safely used in inflammable, explosive and dust great occasion, this is one of the pneu

21、matic prominent advantages.</p><p>　　Second，the composition of the manipulator</p><p>　　The form of manipulator is various, some relatively simple, some is relatively complex, but the basic form

22、 of is the same, generally, the executing agency, transmission system, control system and auxiliary device component.</p><p>　　1. The enforcement agencies</p><p>　　Manipulator of actuators, by h

23、and, wrist, arm, the prop composition. The hand is grab institutions, used to clamping and loosen the workpiece, and people are similar to the fingers, to complete the hands of similar action. Wrist is connected with the

24、 finger arm components, can go up and down, and turn around. Simple manipulator can do not have the wrist. Pillar used to support the arm, can also according to need to make the move.</p><p>　　2. Transmissio

25、n system</p><p>　　Actuator action by the transmission system to to realize. Commonly used manipulator transmission system mechanical transmission, points of hydraulic drive, pneumatic transmission and power

26、transmission of several forms.</p><p>　　3. The control system</p><p>　　Robot control system is the main purpose of control manipulator according to certain procedures, direction, position, speed

27、 movement, the simple manipulator general do not set up the special control system, only the stroke switch, relay, the control valve and the circuit of transmission system control can be realized, make the enforcement ag

28、encies as required action, action complex manipulator is by using the programmable controller, microcomputer control.</p><p>　　Third,one of the manipulator, classification and characteristics</p><

29、p>　　General manipulator is divided into three categories: the first kind is do not need artificial operation of the general manipulator. It is a kind of independent not attached to a host of the device. It may, accord

30、ing to the requirements of the task programming, to complete the operation of the provisions. Its characteristic is to have general machinery performance besides, still have the general machinery, memory intelligence thr

31、ee yuan machinery. The second type is need artificial do, called Ca</p><p>　　Main features:</p><p>　　(1) manipulator (up-down material manipulator, assembly robots, carrying manipulator, and sta

32、cking robots, power manipulator, vacuum handling machine, vacuum crane, energy sling, pneumatic balance machine etc)</p><p>　　(2) cantilever crane (cantilever crane, electric chain hoist crane, pneumatic bal

33、ance to hang and so on)</p><p>　　(3) guide rail type handling system (suspension rail, light rail, single-girder crane, double beam crane)</p><p>　　(4) the application of industrial robots</p

34、><p>　　Manipulator is in mechanization. Automatic production process developed a kind of new type of device. In recent years, with electronic technology, especially the wide application of electronic computers

35、robot development and production in the field of high technology has become a rapidly develop a new technology, it promotes the development of more manipulator, making the manipulator to better achieve and mechanization

36、and automation organic union.</p><p>　　Although at present the manipulator hand than as flexible, but it has constant repetition of work and labor, don't know fatigue, not afraid, snatch the power of hea

37、vy risk than big hands and other characteristics, therefore, manipulator has been many departments of attention and was to get more and more extensive application, for example:</p><p>　　(1) machine tools mac

38、hining of loading and unloading, especially in the automatic lathe, combination machine tools are normal use.</p><p>　　(2) in the assembly work is used widely, in the electronics industry, it can be used to

39、assembly of printed circuit board, in mechanical industry, it can be used to assemble parts</p><p>　　(3) can be in labor conditions poor, repetitive easy fatigue working environment, in order to replace huma

40、n labor.</p><p>　　(4) can be in dangerous situations, such as military article of loading and unloading, and dangerous goods and hazardous substances handling, etc.</p><p>　　(5) the universe, an

41、d the development of the sea.</p><p>　　(6) military engineering and biomedical research and testing.</p><p>　　Power manipulator: also called the balance, the balance suspending, energy sling, ma

42、nual shift in machine, and so on, it is a kind of zero gravity bearing system of manual, a kind of new and used for material handling ShengLiHua operation of the power equipment, belongs to a kind of non-standard design

43、series of products. According to customer application needs, bespoke case creation.</p><p>　　A simulation manually automation machinery, it can be according to fixed program grab. Transporting or go to compl

44、ete some specific operating tools. Applications can replace people engaged in drab manipulator, repeated or heavy manual work, realize the mechanization of manufacturing and automation, instead of people in harmful envir

45、onment of manual operation, improve working conditions, and ensure that the personal safety. The 1940 s, the United States in the atomic energy experiments, first usi</p><p>　　Manipulator by hand and sports

46、organizations main component. The hand is used to catch the workpiece (tools) components, according to be grasped by the object's shape, size, quality, materials and operational requirements and have a variety of str

47、ucture forms, such as the gripping type, the type and adsorption type ", etc. Movement mechanism, make hand finish all kinds of rotation (swing), mobile or complex movement to achieve the specified action, change th

48、e position of the object be grasped by</p><p>　　In automatic manipulator is used in the production process of a kind of has crawled and mobile workpiece function of automatic device, it is in the mechanized,

49、 automatic production, developed a kind of new type of device. In recent years, with electronic technology, especially the wide application of electronic computers robot development and production in the field of high te

50、chnology has become a rapidly develop a new technology, it promotes the development of more manipulator, making the manip</p><p><b>　　機(jī)械手</b></p><p>　　機(jī)械手是近幾十年發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種高科技自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。工業(yè)機(jī)械手

51、是工業(yè)機(jī)器人的一個(gè)重要分支。它的特點(diǎn)是可通過(guò)編程來(lái)完成各種預(yù)期的作業(yè)任務(wù)，在構(gòu)造和性能上兼有人和機(jī)器人各自的有點(diǎn)，尤其體現(xiàn)了人的智能和適應(yīng)性。機(jī)械手作業(yè)的準(zhǔn)確性和各種環(huán)境中完成作業(yè)的能力，在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的發(fā)展前景。隨著工業(yè)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了數(shù)控加工中心，它在減輕工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的同時(shí)，大大提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。但數(shù)控加工中常見(jiàn)的上下料工序，通常仍采用人工操作或傳統(tǒng)繼電器控制的半自動(dòng)化裝置。前者費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)工、效率低；后者因設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜，需較

52、多繼電器，接線繁雜，易受車(chē)體振動(dòng)干擾，而存在可靠性差、故障多、維修困難等問(wèn)題?？删幊绦蚩刂破鱌LC控制的上下料機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng)動(dòng)作簡(jiǎn)便、線路設(shè)計(jì)合理、具有較強(qiáng)的抗干擾能力，保證了系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性，降低了維修率，提高了工作效率。機(jī)械手技術(shù)涉及到力學(xué)、機(jī)械學(xué)、電氣液壓技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，是一門(mén)跨學(xué)科綜合技術(shù)。</p><p><b>　　工業(yè)機(jī)械手的概述</b>&

53、lt;/p><p>　　機(jī)械手是一種能自動(dòng)化定位控制并可重新編程序以變動(dòng)的多功能機(jī)器，它有多個(gè)自由度，可用來(lái)搬運(yùn)物體以完成在各個(gè)不同環(huán)境中工作。在工資水平較低的中國(guó)，塑料制品行業(yè)盡管仍屬于勞動(dòng)力密集型，機(jī)械手的使用已經(jīng)越來(lái)越普及。那些電子和汽車(chē)業(yè)的歐美跨國(guó)公司很早就在它們?cè)O(shè)在中國(guó)的工廠中引進(jìn)了自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)。但現(xiàn)在的變化是那些分布在工業(yè)密集的華南、華東沿海地區(qū)的中國(guó)本土塑料加工廠也開(kāi)始對(duì)機(jī)械手表現(xiàn)出越來(lái)越濃厚的興趣，因?yàn)?/p>

54、他們要面對(duì)工人流失率高，以及為工人交工傷帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。</p><p>　　隨著我國(guó)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的飛躍發(fā)展，特別是改革開(kāi)發(fā)以后，自動(dòng)化程度的迅速提高，實(shí)現(xiàn)工件的裝卸、轉(zhuǎn)向、輸送或操作纖焊、噴槍、扳手等工具進(jìn)行加工、裝配等作業(yè)自化，已愈來(lái)愈引起我們重視。</p><p>　　機(jī)械手是模仿著人手的部分動(dòng)作，按給定的程序、軌跡和要求實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)抓取、搬運(yùn)或操作的自動(dòng)化機(jī)械裝置。</p>&l

55、t;p>　　在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，你是否會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。在機(jī)械工廠里，加工零件裝卸的時(shí)候是不是很煩的，勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率不高，生產(chǎn)成本大，有時(shí)候還會(huì)發(fā)生一些人為事故，導(dǎo)致加工者受傷。想想看用什么可以來(lái)代替呢，加工的時(shí)候只要有幾個(gè)人巡視一下，且可以二十四個(gè)小時(shí)飽和運(yùn)作，人行嗎？回答是肯定的，但是機(jī)械手可以來(lái)代替它。</p><p>　　生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用機(jī)械手可以提高生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化水平和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率；可以減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、

56、實(shí)現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn)；尤其是在高溫、高壓、低溫、低壓、粉塵、易爆、有毒氣體和放射性等惡劣的環(huán)境中能夠代替人進(jìn)行正常的工作。想到這里我就很想設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)機(jī)械手，來(lái)用于生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中。</p><p>　　為什么選著設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)械手用氣動(dòng)來(lái)提供動(dòng)力：氣動(dòng)機(jī)械手是指以壓縮空氣為動(dòng)力源驅(qū)動(dòng)的機(jī)械手。用氣壓驅(qū)動(dòng)與其他能源驅(qū)動(dòng)比較有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1.空氣取之不竭，用過(guò)之后排入大氣，不需要回收和處理。不污染環(huán)境。（環(huán)保的概念）2.空氣的沾性很小，管路中

57、壓力損失也很?。ㄒ话銡饴纷枇p失不到油路的千分之一），便于遠(yuǎn)距離輸送。3.壓縮空氣的工作壓力較低（一般為48公斤/每平方厘米），因此對(duì)氣動(dòng)元件的材質(zhì)和制造精度要求可以降低。4.與液壓傳動(dòng)相比，它的動(dòng)作和反應(yīng)都快，這是氣動(dòng)突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一。5.空氣介質(zhì)清潔，亦不會(huì)變質(zhì)，管路不易堵塞。但是也有它美中不足的地方：1.由于空氣的可壓縮性，致使氣動(dòng)工作的穩(wěn)定性差，因而造成執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度和定為精度不易控制。2.由于使用氣壓較低，輸出力不可能太大，為

58、了增加輸出力，必然使整個(gè)氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸加大。</p><p>　　用氣壓驅(qū)動(dòng)與用其他能源驅(qū)動(dòng)比較有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：</p><p>　　空氣取之不竭，用過(guò)之后排入大氣，不需要回收和處理。不污染環(huán)境。偶然的或少量的泄漏不致對(duì)生產(chǎn)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的影響。</p><p>　　空氣的粘性很小，管路中壓力損失也就很小，便于遠(yuǎn)距離輸送。</p><p>　　壓縮

59、空氣的工作壓力較低，因此對(duì)氣動(dòng)元件的材質(zhì)和制造精度要求可以降低。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)推力在12噸以下采用氣動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)性較好。</p><p>　　與液壓傳動(dòng)相比，它的動(dòng)作和反應(yīng)都快，這是氣動(dòng)突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一。</p><p>　　空氣介質(zhì)清潔，亦不會(huì)變質(zhì)，管路不易堵塞。</p><p>　　它可安全地應(yīng)用在易燃、易爆和粉塵大的場(chǎng)合，這是氣動(dòng)的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一。</p>

60、;<p><b>　　機(jī)械手的組成</b></p><p>　　機(jī)械手的形式是多種多樣的，有的較為簡(jiǎn)單，有的較為復(fù)雜，但基本的組成形式是相同的，一般由執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)和輔助裝置組成。</p><p><b>　　執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　機(jī)械手的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，由手、手腕、手臂、支柱組成。手

61、是抓取機(jī)構(gòu)，用來(lái)夾緊和松開(kāi)工件，與人的手指相仿，能完成人手的類似動(dòng)作。手腕是連接手指與手臂的元件，可以進(jìn)行上下、左右和回轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)作。簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)械手可以沒(méi)有手腕。支柱用來(lái)支撐手臂，也可以根據(jù)需要做出移動(dòng)。</p><p><b>　　2.傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)作要由傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。常用機(jī)械手傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)分機(jī)械傳動(dòng)、液壓傳動(dòng)、氣壓傳動(dòng)和電力傳動(dòng)等幾種形式

62、。</p><p><b>　　控制系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng)的主要作用是控制機(jī)械手按一定的程序、方向、位置、速度進(jìn)行動(dòng)作，簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)械手一般不設(shè)置專用的控制系統(tǒng)，只采用行程開(kāi)關(guān)、繼電器、控制閥及電路即可實(shí)現(xiàn)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的控制，使執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)按要求進(jìn)行動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作復(fù)雜的機(jī)械手則要采用可編程控制器、微型計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行控制。</p><p>

63、<b>　　機(jī)械手的分類和特點(diǎn)</b></p><p>　　機(jī)械手一般分為三類：第一類是不需要人工操作的通用機(jī)械手。它是一種獨(dú)立的不附屬于某一主機(jī)的裝置。它可以根據(jù)任務(wù)的需要編制程序，以完成各項(xiàng)規(guī)定的操作。它的特點(diǎn)是具備普通機(jī)械的性能之外，還具備通用機(jī)械、記憶智能的三元機(jī)械。第二類是需要人工才做的，稱為操作機(jī)。它起源于原子、軍事工業(yè)、先是通過(guò)操作機(jī)來(lái)完成特定的作業(yè)，后來(lái)發(fā)展到用無(wú)線電訊號(hào)操作

64、機(jī)來(lái)進(jìn)行探測(cè)月球等。工業(yè)中采用的鍛造操作機(jī)也屬于這一范疇。第三類是用專業(yè)機(jī)械手，主要附屬于自動(dòng)機(jī)床或自動(dòng)線上，用以解決機(jī)床上下料和工件傳送。這種機(jī)械手在國(guó)外稱為“Mechanical Hand”，它是為主機(jī)服務(wù)的，由主機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)；除少數(shù)以外，工作程序一般是固定的，因此是專用的。</p><p><b>　　主要特點(diǎn)：</b></p><p>　　機(jī)械手（上下料機(jī)械手、裝配

65、機(jī)械手、搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手、堆垛機(jī)械手、助力機(jī)械手、真空搬運(yùn)機(jī)、真空吸吊機(jī)、省力吊具、氣動(dòng)平衡器等）</p><p>　　懸臂起重機(jī)（懸臂吊、電動(dòng)環(huán)鏈葫蘆吊、氣動(dòng)平衡吊等）</p><p>　　導(dǎo)軌式搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)（懸掛軌道、輕型軌道、單梁起重機(jī)、雙梁起重機(jī)）</p><p><b>　　工業(yè)機(jī)械手的應(yīng)用</b></p><p>　　

66、機(jī)械手是在機(jī)械化。自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種新型裝置。近年來(lái)，隨著電子技術(shù)特別是電子計(jì)算機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用，機(jī)器人的研制和生產(chǎn)已成為高技術(shù)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)的一門(mén)新興技術(shù)，它更加促進(jìn)了機(jī)械手的發(fā)展，使得機(jī)械手能更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)與機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化的有機(jī)結(jié)合。</p><p>　　機(jī)械手雖然目前還不如人手那樣靈活，但它具有不斷重復(fù)工作和勞動(dòng)、不知疲勞、不怕危險(xiǎn)、抓舉重物的力量比人手大等特點(diǎn)，因此，機(jī)械手已受到許多部門(mén)的重視，并

67、越來(lái)越廣泛地得到了應(yīng)用，例如：</p><p>　　機(jī)床加工工件的裝卸，特別是在自動(dòng)化車(chē)床、組合機(jī)床上使用較為普通。</p><p>　　在裝配作業(yè)中應(yīng)用廣泛，在電子行業(yè)中它可以用來(lái)裝配印制電路板，在機(jī)械行業(yè)中它可以用來(lái)組裝零部件</p><p>　　可在勞動(dòng)條件差，單調(diào)重復(fù)易疲勞的工作環(huán)境工作，以代替人的勞動(dòng)。</p><p>　　可在危險(xiǎn)

68、場(chǎng)合下工作，如軍工品的裝卸、危險(xiǎn)品及有害物的搬運(yùn)等。</p><p><b>　　宇宙及海洋的開(kāi)發(fā)。</b></p><p>　　軍事工程及生物醫(yī)學(xué)方面的研究和試驗(yàn)。</p><p>　　助力機(jī)械手：又稱平衡器、平衡吊、省力吊具、手動(dòng)移載機(jī)等，是一種無(wú)重力化手動(dòng)承載系統(tǒng)，一種新穎的、用于物料搬運(yùn)時(shí)省力化操作的助力設(shè)備，屬于一種非標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)的系列化產(chǎn)

69、品。針對(duì)客戶應(yīng)用需求，量身定制的個(gè)案創(chuàng)作。</p><p>　　一種模擬人手操作的自動(dòng)化機(jī)械，它可按固定程序抓取。搬運(yùn)物件或操持工具完成某些特定操作。應(yīng)用機(jī)械手可以代替人從事單調(diào)、重復(fù)或繁重的體力勞動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化，代替人在有害環(huán)境下的手工操作，改善勞動(dòng)條件，保證人身安全。20世紀(jì)40年代后期，美國(guó)在原子能實(shí)驗(yàn)中，首先采用機(jī)械手搬運(yùn)放射性材料，人在安全室操縱機(jī)械手進(jìn)行各種操作和實(shí)驗(yàn)。50年代以后，機(jī)械

70、手逐步推廣到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)部門(mén)，用于在高溫、污染嚴(yán)重的地方取放工件和裝卸材料，也作為機(jī)床的輔助裝置在自動(dòng)機(jī)床，自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線和加工中心中應(yīng)用，完成上下料或從刀庫(kù)中取放刀具并按固定程序更換刀具等操作。機(jī)械手主要由手部機(jī)構(gòu)和吸附等類型。運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)一般由液壓、氣動(dòng)、電氣裝置驅(qū)動(dòng)。機(jī)械手可獨(dú)立地實(shí)現(xiàn)伸縮、旋轉(zhuǎn)和升降等運(yùn)動(dòng)，一般有23個(gè)自由度。機(jī)械手廣泛用于機(jī)械制造、冶金、輕工和原子能等部門(mén)。能模仿人手和臂的某些動(dòng)作功能，用以按固定程序抓取、搬運(yùn)物件或操作工

71、具的自動(dòng)操作裝置。它可代替人的繁重勞動(dòng)以實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化，能在有害環(huán)境下操作以保護(hù)人身安全，因而廣泛用于機(jī)械制造、冶金、電子、輕工和原子能等部門(mén)。機(jī)械手通常用作機(jī)床或其他機(jī)器的附加裝置，如在自動(dòng)機(jī)床或</p><p>　　機(jī)械手主要由手部和運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)組成。手部是用來(lái)抓持工件（工具）的部件，根據(jù)被抓持物件的形狀、尺寸、質(zhì)量、材料和作業(yè)要求而有多種結(jié)構(gòu)形式，如夾持型、托持型和吸附型等。運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，使手部完成各種轉(zhuǎn)

72、動(dòng)（擺動(dòng)）、移動(dòng)或復(fù)合運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)定的動(dòng)作，改變被抓持物件的位置和姿勢(shì)……</p><p>　　機(jī)械手是在自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中使用的一種具有抓取和移動(dòng)工件功能的自動(dòng)化裝置，它是在機(jī)械化、自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種新型裝置。近年來(lái)，隨著電子技術(shù)特別是電子計(jì)算機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用，機(jī)器人的研制和生產(chǎn)已成為高技術(shù)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)的一門(mén)新興技術(shù)，它更加促進(jìn)了機(jī)械手的發(fā)展，使得機(jī)械手能更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)與機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化的有機(jī)結(jié)合。機(jī)械手

73、能代替人類完成危險(xiǎn)、重復(fù)枯燥的工作，減輕人類勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)力。機(jī)械手越來(lái)越廣泛的得到了應(yīng)用，在機(jī)械行業(yè)中它可用于零部件組裝，加工工件的搬運(yùn)、裝卸，特別是在自動(dòng)化數(shù)控機(jī)床、組合機(jī)床上使用更普遍。目前，機(jī)械手已發(fā)展成為柔性制造系統(tǒng)FMS和柔性制造單元FMC中一個(gè)重要組成部分。把機(jī)床設(shè)備和機(jī)械手共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)柔性加工系統(tǒng)或柔性制造單元，它適應(yīng)于中。小批量生產(chǎn)，可以節(jié)省龐大的工件輸送裝置，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，而且適應(yīng)性很強(qiáng)。當(dāng)工件變更時(shí)，柔性生產(chǎn)系