visual c++ 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　附錄 附錄清單A</b></p><p>　　Visual C++ MFC concise course</p><p>　　MFC introductory remarks</p><p>　　Visual C++ not merely is a compiler. It is a comprehensive

2、application procedure development environment,you fully use C++ which has object-oriented characteristic to develop the specialized Windows application procedure. In order to fully use these characteristics, you must und

3、erstand the C++ programming language.If you want grasped C++, you must grasp the Microsoft basic kind of storehouse (MFC) level structure. This level structure contained user contact surface in the Windows API,and enable

4、d</p><p>　　If you want establish a Windows application procedure, how should start?</p><p>　　The good beginning is from designning user contact surface. First, you must decide what kind of user

5、can use this procedure and according to needs to establish the corresponding user contact surface object. The Windows user contact surface has some standards to control, like the button, the menu, roll the strip and tabu

6、lates and so on, this is be familiared with Windows users. You must remember, as a programmer you mustt choose a group as the programmer to control and to decide how to arranges t</p><p>　　The next step, is

7、must realize the code. When for any Windows platform establishment application procedure, the programmers all have two kind of choices: C or C++. Uses C, the programmer is in the Windows application procedure contact sur

8、face (API) in the level compiles the code. This contact surface is composed by several hundred C function, these functions reference manual all have the introduction in Windows in the API. Regarding Windows NT, API is ca

9、lled "Win32 API", distinguishes to it uses</p><p>　　Microsoft has also provided the C++ storehouse, it is located above any Windows API, can make programmer's work to be easier. It is the Micro

10、soft basic kind of storehouse (MFC), this storehouse main merit is the high efficiency. It reduce massive codes which established in Windows procedure. Simultaneously it has also provided all general C++ programming meri

11、t. MFC can be transplant, for example, the code which 3.1 compiles in Windows may very easily transplant to Windows NT or Windows 95. There</p><p>　　When you uses MFC, you compile the code is uses to establi

12、sh the essential user contact surface to control and to custom-made its outward appearance. Simultaneously you also must compile the codes which use to respond the users’ operation. For example, if the user single-clicks

13、 a button, you should have the code to respond. This is the event actuate code, it constituted all applications procedure. Once the application procedure correct response all permissions control, its duty has also comple

14、te</p><p>　　You may see, use MFC to establish Windows programming are a quite easy process. Visual C++ application procedure development procedure environment specially suits to uses MFC (also to have other

15、development environments to use MFC), therefore studies MFC and Visual C++ together can strengthen your development procedure ability.</p><p>　　Windows supports several kind of types application procedure wi

16、ndows. A typical application procedure should move in "the frame window" center. A frame window is an entire function main window, the user may change its size, be smallist, be maximum and so on. Windows also s

17、upports two kind of types of dialog boxes: Pattern and non- pattern dialog box. The pattern dialog box once appears on the screen, other parts of the application procedure will respond only when it withdraws. The non- pa

18、ttern d</p><p>　　The simplest Windows application procedure is uses the single documents contact surface (SDI), only one frame window. The Windows clock and watch, the PIF editor, the memorandum and so on ar

19、e all examples of the SDI application procedure. Windows also provided multi- documents contact surface form, it might uses in more complex application procedure. The MDI system permission user check many documents in t

20、he same application procedure. For example, a text editor may allow the user open many tex</p><p>　　Each procedure you established may use its own control, menu structure as well as the dialog box. To choose

21、 a good application procedure contact surface is decided how to chooses and organizes these contact surface objects. Visual C++ resources editor may enable you easily to establishment and has custom-made these contact su

22、rface objects.</p><p>　　Establishment project and translation code</p><p>　　In order to translates the code in Visual C++, you must have to establish a project. In order to the such small proced

23、ure to establishes a project it must make a fuss over a trifling matter, but in any actual procedure, the project concept is extremely useful. A project mainly preserving the following three kind of different types infor

24、mation:</p><p>　　It may remember all source programs code document which establishes the executive routine. In this simple example, document HELLO.CPP is the only source document, but in a large-scale applic

25、ation procedure, in order to be advantageous for the management and the maintenance, you may be able to have many different sources documents. The project can maintain these different documents tabulating, and necessity

26、translates them when you establish the next executive routine.</p><p>　　It can remember uses the compiler and the coupling option in view of yours application procedure. For example, it can remember which st

27、orehouse connected in the executive routine, whether you translated in advance document and so on.</p><p>　　It can remember the project type which establishes: A control bench application procedure, or windo

28、w application procedure and so on.</p><p>　　If you already understand the project document, then could be very easy to understand the project document function as the machine. Now, we establish a simple proj

29、ect, and translates HELLO.CPP with it.</p><p>　　Therefore, first in the menu chooses "New" from "File" the option. In "Projects" in the label, single-clicks "Win32 Applicat

30、ion".Inputs an appropriate way name in "Location" territory or single-clicks "Browse" button to choose.Inputs "hello" in "Project name"as the project name. This time you can s

31、ee "hello" also can appear in "Location" territory. Single-clicks "OK" the button. Visual C++ can newly establish HELLO contents, and put all projects document HELLO.OPT, HELLO.NCB, HELLO.DS

32、P and HELLO</p><p>　　Now, in the screen’s left side, appearing three labels. InfoView label still in, also newly appeared ClassView and the FileView label. The ClassView label can list all your procedures, t

33、he FileView label give document tabulating in the project.</p><p>　　Now it allowed to input routine code. Chooses "New" in "File" meno to establish an editor window. In appears in dialog

34、box, choose "Files" label and "Text File". Above then can appear Visual C++ intelligent editor, you may use it to input the procedure code. When input code, you can discover the editor can automatical

35、ly turn the different type texts into different colors. If you want change its color or the close color function, you can choose “Options"in "Tools" menu, then chooes "Format" label</p>&l

36、t;p>　　After inputs the code, choose "Save" option in"File"menu to preserves. In Visual C++ new establishment ontents, saves it to HELLO.CPP document.</p><p>　　Now chooses "Add To

37、Project" option in"Project"menu,and chooses "Files..." . You can see a dialog box for you to chooses the documents which you want to appent. </p><p>　　In the screen left side, single

38、-clicks the FileView label, and double-clicks HELLO chart sign. You can see HELLO.CPP document. Single-clicks ClassView label, and double-clicks the folder chart sign, you can see all kinds in procedure. Any time you can

39、 use FileView to delete the project document, you only single-click this document, then click delete key on keyboard.</p><p>　　This time you must tell the project to use MFC storehouse. If you neglected this

40、 step, the project in connection time can make a mistake, but mistake information will not give you any help. Choose "Settings"in"Project" menu. In appears dialog box chooses "General" label

41、. In "Microsoft Foundation Classes" Combined frame, choose "Use MFC in a Shared DLL". Then close dialog box.</p><p>　　We have already established the project document, and has adjusted th

42、e establishment, you now were allowed to translate the HELLO. CPP procedure. In "Build" menu, you can discover three different translations options:</p><p>　　Compile HELLO.CPP (Only when includes H

43、ELLO.CPP window in active way)</p><p>　　Build HELLO.EXE </p><p>　　Rebuild All</p><p>　　The first option only translates the source document and forms their goal document. This optio

44、n cannot complete the connection task, therefore it only useful to fast translates some source documents to inspect right or wrong. The second option translation source documents since last time revised, and connect to m

45、ake the execution file. The third option must retranslate and the connection all sources document.</p><p>　　We may choose "Build HELLO.EXE" to translate and the connection code. Visual C++ can esta

46、blish "Debug" new sub-directory, and puts HELLO.EXE in this contents. This sub-directory documents can all reproduce, therefore you may wilfully delete them.</p><p>　　If you discovered the translat

47、ion mistakes, double-clicks the error message in the output window. By now the editor could bring you to the position which made a mistake. Inspects your code whether has the question, if has, revises it. If you see the

48、massive connections mistake, then is possible make a wrong project type which assigns in the establishment project dialog box. You may delet the sub-directory of the project,then establishes it again according to the abo

49、ve step.</p><p>　　In order to carry out this procedure, you may select "Execute HELLO.EXE" option in"Build" menu. You may see your first MFC procedure -- appeared "hello world"

50、window. This window itself has: The title block, the size zoom area, are biggest and smallest button and so on. In the window,has "hello world". Please note, this procedure is complete. You may move the window,

51、 Shrink or Grow the window, Minimized it and so on. You only used the very few codes to complete a complete Window application proc</p><p>　　From: Computer Lover</p><p><b>　　附錄 附錄清單B</

52、b></p><p>　　Visual C++ MFC 簡(jiǎn)明教程</p><p><b>　　一、MFC導(dǎo)論</b></p><p>　　Visual C++ 不僅僅是一個(gè)編譯器，而且是一個(gè)全面的應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境，你可以充分利用具有面向?qū)ο筇匦缘?C++ 來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)出專(zhuān)業(yè)級(jí)的 Windows 應(yīng)用程序。為了能充分利用這些特性，你必須理解 C+

53、+ 程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言。為了掌握C++，你就必須掌握 Microsoft 基本類(lèi)庫(kù) （MFC） 的層次結(jié)構(gòu)。該層次結(jié)構(gòu)包含了 Windows API 中的用戶(hù)界面部分，并使你能夠很容易的以面向?qū)ο蟮姆绞浇?Windows 應(yīng)用程序。這種層次結(jié)構(gòu)適用于所有版本的 Windows 并彼此兼容。你用 MFC 所建立的代碼是完全可移植的。</p><p>　　如果你要建立一個(gè) Windows 應(yīng)用程序，應(yīng)該如何下手？<

54、/p><p>　　好的開(kāi)端是從設(shè)計(jì)用戶(hù)界面開(kāi)始。首先，你要決定什么樣的用戶(hù)能使用該程序并根據(jù)需要來(lái)設(shè)置相應(yīng)的用戶(hù)界面對(duì)象。Windows 用戶(hù)界面有一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的控制，如按鈕、菜單、滾動(dòng)條和列表等，這對(duì)那些 Windows 用戶(hù)已經(jīng)是很熟悉了。要記住的是，作為程序員必須選擇一組控制并決定如何把其安排到屏幕上。傳統(tǒng)上，你需要在紙上做一下用戶(hù)界面的草圖，直到對(duì)各元素感到滿(mǎn)意為止。這對(duì)于一些比較小的項(xiàng)目，以及一些大項(xiàng)目的早期原

55、型階段是可行的。</p><p>　　下一步，是要實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼。為任何 Windows 平臺(tái)建立應(yīng)用程序時(shí)，程序員都有兩種選擇：C 或 C++。 使用 C，程序員是在 Windows 應(yīng)用程序界面（API）的水平上編寫(xiě)代碼。該界面是由幾百個(gè) C 函數(shù)所組成，這些函數(shù)在Windows API 參考手冊(cè)中都有介紹。對(duì)于Windows NT，API 被稱(chēng)為 “Win32 API”，以區(qū)別于其用于Windows 3.1的16

56、位 API。</p><p>　　Microsoft 也提供了 C++ 庫(kù)，其位于任何 Windows API 之上，能夠使程序員的工作更容易。其就是Microsoft基本類(lèi)庫(kù)（MFC），該庫(kù)的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是效率高。其減少了大量在建立 Windows 程序時(shí)必須編寫(xiě)的代碼。同時(shí)還提供了所有一般 C++ 編程的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。MFC 是可移植的，例如，在 Windows 3.1下編寫(xiě)的代碼可以很容易地移植到 Windows NT

57、 或 Windows 95 上。因此，MFC 很值得推薦的開(kāi)發(fā)Windows 應(yīng)用程序的方法。</p><p>　　當(dāng)你使用 MFC 時(shí)，你編寫(xiě)的代碼是用來(lái)建立必要的用戶(hù)界面控制并定制其外觀(guān)。同時(shí)你還要編寫(xiě)用來(lái)響應(yīng)用戶(hù)操作這些控制的代碼。例如，如果用戶(hù)單擊一個(gè)按鈕時(shí)，你應(yīng)該有代碼來(lái)響應(yīng)。這就是事件驅(qū)動(dòng)代碼，其構(gòu)成了所有應(yīng)用程序。一旦應(yīng)用程序正確的響應(yīng)了所有允許的控制，其任務(wù)也就完成了。</p>&l

58、t;p>　　你可以看出，使用 MFC 進(jìn)行 Windows 編程時(shí)是一件比較容易的過(guò)程。Visual C++ 應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)程序環(huán)境特別適合于使用 MFC（也有別的開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境使用MFC），所以一起學(xué)習(xí) MFC 和 Visual C++ 能夠增強(qiáng)你的開(kāi)發(fā)程序的能力。</p><p>　　Windows支持幾種類(lèi)型的應(yīng)用程序窗口。一個(gè)典型的應(yīng)用程序應(yīng)該活動(dòng)在稱(chēng)為“框架窗口”中。一個(gè)框架窗口是一個(gè)全功能的主窗口，用戶(hù)

59、可以改變尺寸、最小化、最大化等。Windows也支持兩種類(lèi)型的對(duì)話(huà)框：模式和無(wú)模式對(duì)話(huà)框。模式對(duì)話(huà)框一旦出現(xiàn)在屏幕上，只有當(dāng)其退出時(shí)，屏幕上該應(yīng)用程序的其余部分才能響應(yīng)。無(wú)模式對(duì)話(huà)框出現(xiàn)在屏幕上時(shí)，程序的其余部分也可以做出響應(yīng)，其就好像浮動(dòng)在上面一樣。</p><p>　　最簡(jiǎn)單的 Windows 應(yīng)用程序是使用單文檔界面（SDI），只有一個(gè)框架窗口。Windows 的鐘表、PIF 編輯器、記事本等都是 SDI

60、應(yīng)用程序的例子。Windows 也提供了一種稱(chēng)為多文檔界面的組織形式，其可用于更復(fù)雜的應(yīng)用程序。MDI 系統(tǒng)允許用戶(hù)在同一應(yīng)用程序中同時(shí)可以查看多個(gè)文檔。例如，一個(gè)文本編輯器可以允許用戶(hù)同時(shí)打開(kāi)多個(gè)文本文件。使用 MDI 時(shí)，應(yīng)用程序有一個(gè)主窗口，在主窗口中有一些子窗口，每個(gè)子窗口中各自包含有各自的文檔。在MDI框架中，主窗口有一個(gè)主菜單，其對(duì)主框架中最頂端窗口有效。各子窗口都可以縮成圖標(biāo)或展開(kāi)，MDI主窗口也可以變成桌面上的一個(gè)圖標(biāo)。

61、MDI界面可能會(huì)給你一種第二桌面的感覺(jué)，其對(duì)窗口的管理和刪除混亂的窗口有很大的幫助。</p><p>　　你所建立的每一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序都會(huì)使用其自己的一套控制、菜單結(jié)構(gòu)以及對(duì)話(huà)框。應(yīng)用程序界面的好壞取決于你如何選擇和組織這些界面對(duì)象。Visual C++ 中的資源編輯器可以使你能容易的建立和定制這些界面對(duì)象。</p><p>　　二、建立項(xiàng)目和編譯代碼</p><p>

62、　　為了在 Visual C++ 中編譯代碼，你必須要建立一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。為了這么小的程序來(lái)建立一個(gè)項(xiàng)目可能有點(diǎn)小題大做，但是，在任何實(shí)際的程序中，項(xiàng)目的概念是非常有用的。一個(gè)項(xiàng)目主要保存著下面三種不同類(lèi)型的信息：</p><p>　　可以記住建立一個(gè)可執(zhí)行程序所需要的所有源程序代碼文件。在這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子中，文件 HELLO.CPP 是唯一的源文件，但是在一個(gè)大型的應(yīng)用程序中，為了便于管理和維護(hù)，你可以會(huì)有許多個(gè)不同的

63、源文件。項(xiàng)目會(huì)維護(hù)這些不同文件的列表，并當(dāng)你要建立下一個(gè)新的可執(zhí)行程序時(shí)，在必要時(shí)進(jìn)行編譯，其會(huì)記住針對(duì)你的應(yīng)用程序所使用的編譯器和連接器選項(xiàng)。例如，其會(huì)記住把哪個(gè)庫(kù)連接到了執(zhí)行程序中，你是否預(yù)編譯了頭文件等等。其會(huì)記住你想要建立的項(xiàng)目類(lèi)型： 一個(gè)控制臺(tái)應(yīng)用程序，或一個(gè)窗口應(yīng)用程序等等。</p><p>　　如果你已經(jīng)對(duì)項(xiàng)目文件有所了解，則會(huì)很容易明白作為機(jī)器產(chǎn)生的項(xiàng)目文件的作用?，F(xiàn)在，我們來(lái)建立一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的項(xiàng)目，

64、并用其來(lái)編譯 HELLO.CPP。</p><p>　　為此，首先從“File”菜單中選擇“New”選項(xiàng)。在“Projects”標(biāo)簽中，單擊“Win32 Application”。在“Location”域中輸入一個(gè)合適的路徑名或單擊“Browse”按鈕來(lái)選擇一個(gè)。在“Project name”中輸入“hello”作為項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng)。這時(shí)候你會(huì)看到“hello”也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在“Location”域中。單擊“OK”按鈕。Vis

65、ual C++ 會(huì)建立一個(gè)新的稱(chēng)為HELLO的目錄，并把所有的項(xiàng)目文件 HELLO.OPT、HELLO.NCB、HELLO.DSP 和 HELLO.DSW 都放到該目錄中。如果你退出，以后再重新打開(kāi)該項(xiàng)目，則可選擇 HELLO.DSW。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)在，在屏幕的左邊，出現(xiàn)了三個(gè)標(biāo)簽。InfoView 標(biāo)簽仍然在，又新出現(xiàn)了 ClassView 和 FileView 標(biāo)簽。ClassView 標(biāo)簽會(huì)把你程

66、序中所有的類(lèi)都列出來(lái)，F(xiàn)ileView 標(biāo)簽給出了項(xiàng)目中文件的列表。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)在可以輸入程序的代碼了。在“File”菜單中選擇“New”選項(xiàng)來(lái)建立一個(gè)編輯窗口。在出現(xiàn)的對(duì)話(huà)框中，選擇“Files”標(biāo)簽和“Text File”。則會(huì)出現(xiàn) Visual C++ 的智能編輯器，你可以用其來(lái)輸入上面的程序代碼。輸入代碼時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)編輯器會(huì)自動(dòng)把不同類(lèi)型的文本變成不同的顏色，如果你要改變其顏色或關(guān)閉顏色功能，

67、可選擇“Tools”菜單中“Options”選項(xiàng)，然后選擇“Format”標(biāo)簽和“Source Windows”選項(xiàng)就可以修改。</p><p>　　輸入完代碼后，選擇“File”菜單中的“Save”選項(xiàng)來(lái)保存。在 Visual C++ 新建立的目錄中，把其存成 HELLO.CPP 文件。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)在選擇在“Project”菜單中選擇“Add To Project”選項(xiàng)，再選

68、“Files...”。你會(huì)看到一個(gè)對(duì)話(huà)框供你選擇要添加的文件。</p><p>　　在屏幕的左邊，單擊 FileView 標(biāo)簽，并雙擊標(biāo)有 HELLO 的圖標(biāo)。你會(huì)看到名為 HELLO.CPP 的文件。單擊 ClassView 標(biāo)簽，并雙擊文件夾圖標(biāo)，你會(huì)看到程序中所有的類(lèi)。任何時(shí)候你都可以使用 FileView 來(lái)刪除項(xiàng)目的文件，你只要單擊該文件，然后按鍵盤(pán)上的 delete 鍵。</p><

69、;p>　　此時(shí)你必須告訴項(xiàng)目要使用MFC庫(kù)。如果你忽略了這一步，則項(xiàng)目在連接時(shí)會(huì)出錯(cuò)，而出錯(cuò)信息對(duì)你毫無(wú)幫助。選擇“Project”菜單的“Settings”。在出現(xiàn)的對(duì)話(huà)框中選擇“General”標(biāo)簽。在“Microsoft Foundation Classes”組合框中，選擇“Use MFC in a Shared DLL”。然后關(guān)閉對(duì)話(huà)框。</p><p>　　我們已經(jīng)建立了項(xiàng)目文件，并調(diào)整了設(shè)置，你

70、現(xiàn)在可以準(zhǔn)備編譯 HELLO.CPP 程序了。在“Build”菜單中，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有三個(gè)不同的編譯選項(xiàng)：</p><p>　　Compile HELLO.CPP （只有當(dāng)含有 HELLO.CPP 的窗口處于激活狀態(tài)時(shí)才可）</p><p>　　Build HELLO.EXE </p><p>　　Rebuild All </p><p>　　第一

71、個(gè)選項(xiàng)只是編譯源文件并形成目標(biāo)文件。該選項(xiàng)不能完成連接任務(wù)，所以其只對(duì)快速編譯一些源文件以檢查錯(cuò)誤有用。第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)編譯自上次編譯后所修改的所有源文件，并連接形成可執(zhí)行文件。第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)要重新編譯和連接所有的源文件。</p><p>　　我們可以選擇“Build HELLO.EXE”來(lái)編譯和連接代碼。Visual C++ 會(huì)建立一個(gè)名為“Debug”的新子目錄，并把 HELLO.EXE 放在該目錄中。該子目錄的文件都

72、是可以再產(chǎn)生的，所以你可以對(duì)其任意刪除。</p><p>　　如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)了編譯錯(cuò)誤，雙擊輸出窗口中的錯(cuò)誤信息。這時(shí)編輯器會(huì)把你帶到出錯(cuò)的位置處。檢查你的代碼是否有問(wèn)題，如果有，就修改之。如果你看到大量的連接錯(cuò)誤，則可能你在建立項(xiàng)目對(duì)話(huà)框中所指定的項(xiàng)目類(lèi)型不對(duì)。你可以把該項(xiàng)目所在的子目錄刪除，然后再重新按上面的步驟來(lái)建立。</p><p>　　為了執(zhí)行該程序，你可選則“Build”菜單中的“

73、Execute HELLO.EXE”選項(xiàng)。你就可以看到你的第一個(gè)MFC程序了---出現(xiàn)一個(gè)帶有“hello world”的窗口。該窗口本身帶有：標(biāo)題欄、尺寸縮放區(qū)、最大和最小按鈕等等。在窗口上，有一個(gè)標(biāo)有“hello world”。請(qǐng)注意，該程序是完整的。你可以移動(dòng)窗口、縮放窗口、最小化等。你只使用了很少的代碼就完成了一個(gè)完整的Window 應(yīng)用程序。這就是使用MFC的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。所有的細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題都有MFC來(lái)處理。</p><