外文翻譯--瓦斯抽放技術(shù)方案及設(shè)計(jì)

1、<p><b>　　外文翻譯附錄1</b></p><p>　　瓦斯抽放技術(shù)方案及設(shè)計(jì)（節(jié)選）</p><p><b>　　——吉利米柯（美）</b></p><p>　　3. 1 　瓦斯抽放原理及理論依據(jù)</p><p>　　在全部垮落法管理頂板的采煤工作面,沿采面推進(jìn)方向,頂板一般呈現(xiàn)

2、煤壁支撐影響區(qū)、離層區(qū)和重新壓實(shí)區(qū)三區(qū),在離層區(qū)的垂直方向上,又可以分為冒落帶、裂隙帶和彎曲下沉帶。由于瓦斯密度較小,隨著采面的向前推進(jìn),瓦斯將沿離層區(qū)的冒落帶向上飄逆,從而在冒落裂隙帶內(nèi)大量積存。這些瓦斯一部分永久滯留在采空區(qū)內(nèi),一部分又在通風(fēng)負(fù)壓的作用下從老塘和上隅角涌出進(jìn)入回風(fēng)流。頂板巖石鉆孔抽放瓦斯技術(shù)正是利用布置在煤層頂板中的鉆孔,在抽放泵負(fù)壓的作用下,改變采空區(qū)內(nèi)冒落裂隙帶內(nèi)積存的這部分瓦斯流向,使之通過(guò)抽排系統(tǒng)直接進(jìn)入礦井

3、總回風(fēng)中,不再進(jìn)入采面和回風(fēng)流,從而達(dá)到降低采面隅角和回風(fēng)流瓦斯?jié)舛鹊哪康摹?lt;/p><p>　　3. 2 　鉆孔設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式h=m/(k-1)cosα計(jì)算。告成煤礦煤層冒落裂隙帶高度在14～41m之間(式中,h為冒落裂隙帶高度;m為煤層厚度;k為巖石碎脹系數(shù);α為煤層傾角)。根據(jù)各個(gè)工作面的實(shí)際情況,結(jié)合實(shí)際冒落裂隙帶高度,分別設(shè)計(jì)每個(gè)鉆場(chǎng)鉆孔的角度進(jìn)行打鉆、抽

4、放。</p><p>　　3. 3 　鉆場(chǎng)、鉆孔的布置</p><p>　　(1) 鉆場(chǎng)布置。沿工作面回風(fēng)巷每隔40～50m施工一個(gè)壁龕式鉆場(chǎng),鉆場(chǎng)深5m,采用2.6m×2.8m工字鋼對(duì)棚支護(hù)。</p><p>　　(2) 鉆孔布置。在鉆場(chǎng)內(nèi)向采面切巷方向以不同的方位角和不同的傾角布置鉆孔,鉆孔終孔控制切巷隅角以內(nèi)20m左右,鉆孔長(zhǎng)度為鉆場(chǎng)間距的2倍,孔徑

5、<65～<89mm,相鄰兩鉆場(chǎng)之間鉆孔的交叉長(zhǎng)度保持在40m以上,以保證鉆場(chǎng)鉆孔的接替。鉆孔的數(shù)量根據(jù)采面該區(qū)段瓦斯涌出量大小而設(shè)定。</p><p>　　3. 4 　打鉆工藝</p><p>　　(1) 鉆進(jìn)器具的選擇。根據(jù)“三軟”煤層滑動(dòng)構(gòu)造頂板條件,鉆機(jī)鉆進(jìn)能力與鉆孔設(shè)計(jì)長(zhǎng)度之比要達(dá)到1.5的比例,即施工鉆孔長(zhǎng)度100m 時(shí),鉆機(jī)能力要達(dá)到150m以上。另外,鉆桿直徑要達(dá)

6、到Φ51mm以上,以滿足抗扭矩能力要求,防止斷鉆桿。</p><p>　　(2) 鉆進(jìn)速度。采用傳統(tǒng)的旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆進(jìn),鉆進(jìn)速度較慢,為此,我們與科研院所合作,探索打鉆新工藝,采用風(fēng)動(dòng)沖擊鉆進(jìn),月進(jìn)尺達(dá)到1500m/臺(tái)以上,完全能夠保證采面鉆場(chǎng)的正常接替。</p><p>　　(3) 鉆場(chǎng)維護(hù)。在軟巖層中鉆孔極易塌孔和堵孔,影響鉆進(jìn)和抽放效果,我們采取多次注漿固結(jié)鉆孔和下塑膠多孔管方法解決了這一問

7、題。</p><p>　　3. 5 　封孔工藝</p><p>　　根據(jù)鉆場(chǎng)迎頭巖層的不同情況,采用了兩種不同封孔方法。(1)孔口管直接封孔法。如果鉆場(chǎng)迎頭巖層比較完整,裂隙較少,直接下孔口管到鉆孔中,然后將整個(gè)斷面噴漿封閉,要求噴層覆蓋整個(gè)鉆場(chǎng)迎頭斷面及以外不少于2m巷道?？卓诠苤睆綖?00mm,長(zhǎng)3m,利用外端的法蘭盤直接與抽放支管聯(lián)接,該方法優(yōu)點(diǎn)是工藝簡(jiǎn)單,加工方便,容易操作;缺點(diǎn)是

8、開孔時(shí)要用大直徑鉆頭對(duì)封孔部分進(jìn)行擴(kuò)孔(我礦使用Φ127mm 鉆頭擴(kuò)孔),原來(lái)密封性較差,但通過(guò)注漿加固,已解決了密封性問題。</p><p>　　(2) 聚胺脂封孔方法。封孔前將鉆場(chǎng)巷道全部噴漿封閉。封孔管使用<50mm鋼管,長(zhǎng)6m,將封孔管分為各1.5m長(zhǎng)的兩節(jié),在最里邊一節(jié)鋼管兩端各焊一個(gè)擋板(相距1m,擋板直徑略小于鉆孔直徑)。將一塊1m ×1m毛巾的一邊固定在兩個(gè)擋板之間。封孔時(shí),先將聚

9、胺脂·15·A型和B型兩種藥液(1kg/個(gè))倒在容器中迅速攪拌均勻,將封孔管上的毛巾展開,將混合液體均勻糊在毛巾上、邊糊邊卷、然后將封孔管插進(jìn)鉆孔中的預(yù)定位置,整個(gè)過(guò)程必須在1min內(nèi)完成。每個(gè)鉆孔封孔長(zhǎng)度為5m,其密閉性能好。</p><p>　　3. 6 　抽放系統(tǒng)基本情況</p><p>　　(1) 抽放系統(tǒng)。采面頂板瓦斯抽放采用移動(dòng)泵站抽放,配備SK-60真空泵

10、2套。抽放系統(tǒng)布置為:主管<250mm 從抽放泵站沿-100m回風(fēng)巷經(jīng)采面回風(fēng)聯(lián)絡(luò)巷鋪設(shè)到采面回風(fēng)巷各個(gè)鉆場(chǎng)處與各鉆場(chǎng)支管相聯(lián),抽出瓦斯由抽放泵站送至總回風(fēng)大巷中。</p><p>　　(2) 測(cè)試監(jiān)控手段。在抽放系統(tǒng)管道內(nèi)安裝WCJX1型瓦斯抽放參數(shù)自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)并與礦井監(jiān)測(cè)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)抽放負(fù)壓、壓差、抽放濃度、流量、溫度進(jìn)行定時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。為防止回風(fēng)大巷瓦斯超限,在泵站排氣口下風(fēng)側(cè)30m處安裝瓦斯傳感器,并與

11、泵站電源閉鎖。</p><p>　　(3) 水垢處理。因SK-60泵是水環(huán)式真空泵,單采用水轉(zhuǎn)化處理裝置,除垢效果不理想。經(jīng)采用醋酸溶解的辦法來(lái)解決這個(gè)問題,每半月用20kg醋酸將抽放泵泵軸及內(nèi)槽浸泡8h,反復(fù)涮洗去垢,效果比較好。</p><p><b>　　4 　結(jié)語(yǔ)</b></p><p>　　告成礦先后在8個(gè)采煤工作面實(shí)施了頂板巖石鉆孔

12、瓦斯抽放至今,累計(jì)施工抽放鉆場(chǎng)76個(gè),鉆孔總長(zhǎng)度32700多m,共抽出瓦斯量1610萬(wàn)m3,平均單孔抽出瓦斯1.5m3/min,采面平均瓦斯抽放率達(dá)到20%～30%。采煤工作面配風(fēng)量從抽放前的1200m3/min以上,下降到900m3/min以下。隅角及回風(fēng)流中瓦斯?jié)舛绕骄档土?.3%～0.5%,取得了較好的安全效果。同時(shí)充分發(fā)揮了采面生產(chǎn)能力,平均每個(gè)工作面月產(chǎn)量提高了1.5萬(wàn)多t,創(chuàng)造了較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。</p>&l

13、t;p><b>　　附錄2</b></p><p>　　gas drainage design and technology program</p><p>　　——M.L.Jeremic</p><p>　　3 .1 gas drainage design and technology program </p><

14、p>　　All falling in the administration of the coal face roof, Face advancing along the direction , Roof generally shows the impact of coal wall support, </p><p>　　Separation zone and re-compaction District

15、 3, Separation in the vertical direction, Can be divided into caving zone, fractured zone and bending subsidence zone. Because the gas density smaller, with the mining face forward, Cubas will be along the separation to

16、take place, inverse floating upward, thus falling within the fracture zone of accumulation. These permanent part of stranded gas in the gob area, ventilation in part to the effects of negative pressure from the old pond

17、and on the ground </p><p>　　Roof rock drainage gas drilling technology is used in the layout of the roof seam boreholes,Pump suction drainage in the role, Change the gob area falling within the fracture zone

18、 accumulation of this part of the gas flow , Make it through pumping and drainage system directly into the return air shaft, No longer enter the mining face and back airflow, Thus achieving lower mining face and the back

19、 corner Merry gas concentration purposes.</p><p>　　3.2 Bored Design </p><p>　　According to empirical formula h = m / (k-1) cosα calculation. Brought to a successful conclusion falling coal seam

20、cracks in height between 14-41m </p><p>　　. According to face all the actual situation and in light of the actual falling fracture height, Design of each respective field drilling boreholes drilled perspecti

21、ve, and the drainage.</p><p>　　3.3 Drilling market, boreholes Layout </p><p>　　(1) drilling field layout. Face to the wind along the roadway every 40 ~ 50m construction of a niche market-drilli

22、ng, Drill Field 5 m deep，Used two. 6m x 2. 8m I-beam right shelf supports.</p><p>　　(2) drilling layout. In drilling site to Face Lane in a different direction and different azimuth angle layout bored ，Bored

23、 final hole control and Lane corner within 20 m, Borehole drilling length of the field two times the distance, Two adjacent borehole drilling field between the crossover length at 40 m above ，To ensure that the borehole

24、drilling market to succeed. Bored amount of surface mining in the zone gas emission size settings. </p><p>　　3．4 Drilling Technology </p><p>　　(1) Drilling apparatus choice. Under the "soft

25、" coal seam roof sliding tectonic conditions, Drilling rigs and drilling design capacity ratio of the length to achieve a. 5 ratio ，Construction is bored length 100 m, the rig capacity to achieve over 150m. In addit

26、ion, the drill pipe diameter to achieve the above Φ51mm to meet anti-torque capacity, to prevent broken drill pipe. </p><p>　　(2) drilling speed. Using the traditional rotary drilling, drilling a slower pace

27、, To this end, we cooperation with scientific research institutes, Exploration drilling new technology, using pneumatic percussion drilling, </p><p>　　On footage reached 1500 m , over completely to ensure th

28、at mining face the normal drilling market succeed. </p><p>　　(3) drilling field maintenance. Soft rock collapse easily bored and frustrated Kong Kong, the impact of drilling and suction effect, We carried ou

29、t a number of drilling and grouting consolidation under plastic perforated pipe solution to the problem. </p><p>　　3. 5 sealing technology </p><p>　　According to the market head-on rock drill to

30、 the different conditions, using two different methods of sealing. </p><p>　　(1) opening of direct sealing method. If the market head-on rock drilling more comprehensive and less cracks, holes under the dire

31、ct control of the bored, Then spray the entire section closed ，Asked sprayed layer covering the whole field drilling section head-on and off of not less than 2 m roadway. Orifice tube diameter of 100 mm and length of 3m,

32、 the use of outer side of the flange directly with the drainage pipe connected, </p><p>　　The advantages of the process is simple, easy process, easy to operate; The drawback is when the hole with large diam

33、eter bit of sealing parts reaming .Sealing less original, but through the grouting reinforcement, had addressed the issue of sealing.</p><p>　　(2) barrier sealing methods. Sealing before drilling market clos

34、ed roadway all shotcrete. Sealing governing the use of "50mm steel tube, long 6m, Sealing of the pipe into 1. 5m long 2, the most inside a welded steel pipe ends of the one lagging . To a 1 m × 1m towel on the

35、side of the fixed baffles between the two. </p><p>　　3. 6 basic drainage system </p><p>　　(1) drainage system. Face roof gas drainage using mobile drainage pumping station, With SK-60 vacuum two

36、 sets.</p><p>　　Drainage System Layout : Competent "250mm from the drainage pumping station along-wind 100m back alley by the mining face to the wind to contact the roadway laying Face to the wind all r

37、oadway Drill Field Offices and field drilling pipe linked, Extract gas from the drainage pumping station sent back to the wind roadway. </p><p>　　(2) Testing and Monitoring tools. Drainage pipe system in the

38、 installation of gas drainage WCJX1-parameter monitoring systems and mine monitoring and control system interface Drainage of pressure, pressure, and the drainage concentration, flow rate, temperature regularly monitored

39、.</p><p>　　To prevent the return air roadway methane in the exhaust pumping station under 30m wind-installed gas sensors, Power and pumping stations and atresia. </p><p>　　(3) the treatment of s

40、cale. By SK-60 pump water ring vacuum pumps, single-use water into treatment plants , Descale effect is not ideal. 20 and a half months per kg of acetic acid used to suction pump shaft and inner groove immersion 8 h, Rep