建筑施工質量管理外文翻譯

1、<p>　　Construction project quality management</p><p>　　With the development of our national economy, the construction industry has been moving in the direction of diversification development, the constr

2、uction industry in China's economic development plays a very important role. Construction project management is directly related to the project quality, cost management, personnel security, business efficiency, matte

3、r to an enterprise even of vital importance, but our country architectural engineering management at present there exist many deficiencie</p><p>　　In our construction management, to establish a comprehensive

4、 project of our country construction management system, mainly because of a lack of management theory and experience in china. Establishment of construction project management system is a specialized and professional iss

5、ues, its implementation must by the senior building subject experts and has extensive experience in management to organize, the only way to achieve. Foreign construction industry in both technology and theory are more ad

6、</p><p>　　Strengthen the construction of quality management, establishing the quality assurance system, the quality of Engineering work. Engineering construction enterprise according to the quality assurance

7、 system, form effective quality assurance system, establish the quality policy, so as to make it more prescriptive, systematization and maneuverability. To be human, material and machinery of various elements of an effec

8、tive combination of. First of all, one is to control the quality of the core, take </p><p>　　At this stage of construction project management has been paid more and more attention, project cost management is

9、 project management indispensable content. Project management essential characteristic can be reflected by the project cost management. First, establish project cost management responsibility system. Project management c

10、ost responsibility, unlike the responsibility, responsibility is not equal to the cost responsibility complete complete. At the completion of work responsibility at t</p><p>　　In order to ensure the governme

11、nt supervision effectiveness and authority, should improve the overall quality of the supervision team. Therefore, strengthening the construction of quality supervision of construction quality management study, so that t

12、he supervision and professional qualities. In addition, quality supervision means also to continue to improve, increase the detection equipment, make supervision work has greatly the content of science and technology, to

13、 realize the modernization of</p><p>　　Any construction projects and other construction projects recently, in size, degree of technical complexity, or engineering properties may have many differences, but th

14、e project management has a lot in common. In the current fierce competition in the market, some engineering company in maintaining and developing the original market areas can also continue to develop and adapt to the ne

15、w market. In the competition continue to grow and develop, while others stagnate before, continued to shrink, an</p><p>　　Effects of many factors on the quality of construction projects, such as building str

16、ucture mismatch, tilt, collapse, destruction, crack, seepage, water leakage, poor rigidity, strength is insufficient, section size is accurate, however, investigate its reason, can be summarized as follows:</p>&l

17、t;p>　　( 1) against the building program. If not through feasibility argumentation, make investigation on decided yet; not clear engineering geology, hydrology geology brash start; undocumented design; without any modi

18、fications to the design, construction; not according to the drawings; the completion of the project is to test running, without acceptance on delivery of some phenomenon, cause many project save the serious hidden danger

19、, house collapse accidents have also occurred.</p><p>　　Engineering geological investigation of reason ( 2 ). Not serious geological investigation, provide geological data, data error. Geological exploration

20、, borehole spacing is too big, can not fully reflect the actual situation foundation, such as when the bedrock surface fluctuation is large, soft soil layer thickness is also very big; geological exploration drilling dep

21、th is not enough, did not find underground soft soil, landslide, grave, hole formation; geological survey report in detail, such </p><p>　　( 3) without reinforcement treatment of foundation. On the weak soil

22、, dredger fill, miscellaneous soil, collapsible loess, expansive soil, rock outcropping, lava, soil hole uneven foundation reinforcement treatment or not handled properly, that led to the great cause of quality problems.

23、 According to different characteristics of foundation engineering, foundation treatment should be in accordance with the superstructure and combination, make its work principle, from the foundation treatment meas</p&g

24、t;<p>　　( 4 ) design calculation problem. Inadequate design, structure unreasonable, the calculation sketch is not correct, computational load is too small, internal force analysis is incorrect, settlement joint a

25、nd the expansion joint is arranged properly, the overhanging structure without overturning inspection, are induced by the quality problems. Such as a retaining wall engineering design without a clear understanding of the

26、 engineering geological conditions, construction and not on site verificati</p><p>　　Project management measures</p><p>　　. 1 must be built and perfect engineering management responsibility syst

27、em, make clear a key, fulfil responsibility</p><p>　　The establishment and improvement of project management responsibility system, engineering management is smooth, responsibility is clear, whether the oper

28、ation is effective, is to strengthen project management must first solve the problem. Salaried qualification standard limit, such as seventeen bureau of China railway construction enterprises, in the future for quite a p

29、eriod, the survival and development of the field of railway, highway, located in the municipal engineering construction market</p><p>　　. 2 to establish and improve the engineering department ( a subsidiary

30、company) as the main body of the construction management system.</p><p>　　This kind of system requirement engineering department or subsidiaries must be to establish the construction scheme, the configuratio

31、n of factor of production, heavy and difficult engineering monitor. The project is mainly responsible for the Ministry of construction program implementation, design changes, the daily management and all internal and ext

32、ernal relations; company headquarters mainly grasps the organization and coordination, heavy and difficult engineering breakthrough and supervision</p><p>　　Good with the owner, design units and local govern

33、ment relations; company mainly grasps the policy measures, difficult technical advisory services, key and difficult engineering supervision and inspection. Engineering management department especially scheduling, always

34、grasp the situation, unobstructed information feedback channel, solve the problems that cannot be solved.</p><p>　　隨著我國經濟的發(fā)展,建筑行業(yè)已經朝著多元化方向發(fā)展,建筑行業(yè)在我國經濟發(fā)展中起著非常重要的作用。而建筑工程管理工作直接關系到工程的質量、成本管理、人員的安全、企業(yè)的經營效益,甚至關系到

35、企業(yè)的生死存亡,但是我國建筑工程管理在現階段存在許多的不足:管理體制不健全。我國大部分的建筑工程為了節(jié)約人員開支,減少了建筑工程管理機構的人員數量和質量。管理制度深入性不足。建筑行業(yè)的相關管理制度都是由一些著名的建筑行業(yè)專家等共同研究制定的,但是在各建筑單位中就只是一張紙,他們也都只是為了應付上級的檢查,并不能應用到建筑工程管理上。</p><p>　　在我國建筑工程管理工作中,難以全面確立我國建筑工程管理思路體

36、系,主要是因為我國缺乏管理理論和經驗。建立建筑工程管理思路體系是專業(yè)性較強的問題,其實施必須由資深的建筑學科專家和具有豐富工作經驗的管理人員來組織,只有這樣才能實現。國外建筑行業(yè)無論是技術還是理論都比較先進,因此我國在建筑工程管理思路體系的建立過程中,必須借鑒國外的先進理念,另外,還必須吸取先進的建筑工程管理方法,并對各方面的資料加以綜合和整體?？傊?要想確保我國建筑工程管理工作的有序進行,必須以健全的工程管理思路體系作為建筑工程總體管

37、理水平提升的基本保障</p><p>　　加強施工質量管理,建立合理可行的質量保證體系,將工程的質量工作落到實處。工程施工企業(yè)要根據質量保證體系,形成行之有效的質量保證系統(tǒng),樹立質量方針,從而讓其更加有指令性、系統(tǒng)性及可操作性。要將人、材料和機械各個要素有效結合起來。首先,人是質量控制的核心,要把人作為控制的推動力,充分調動人的積極性,樹立工程質量第一的觀念。其次,施工材料作為建筑產品的主體,對材料質量的控制是工

38、程質量控制的關鍵。最后,工程施工的機械是進行施工機械化的主要標志,對現代化項目施工起到不可缺少的作用,它直接影響了施工項目的進度和質量,所以,選好用好工程機械設備非常重要。所以,應該根據工程項目的具體特點,綜合考慮各種環(huán)境因素,實施有效的施工現場控制,為保證施工質量及安全創(chuàng)造良好的外部條件。</p><p>　　現階段建筑工程管理越來越受到人們的重視,項目成本管理是工程管理不可或缺的內容。工程管理本質特征可以由項

39、目成本管理體現出來。首先,建立項目成本管理責任制。項目管理人員的成本責任,不同于工作責任,工作責任完成不等于成本責任完成。在完成工作責任的同時,還應考慮成本責任的實施,進一步明確成本管理責任,使每個管理者都有成本管理意識,做到精打細算。其次,對施工隊實行分包成本控制。項目部與施工隊之間建立特定勞務合同關系,項目部有權對施工隊的進度、質量、安全和現場管理標準進行監(jiān)督管理,同時按合同支付勞務費用。再次,施工隊成本的控制,由施工隊自身管理,項

40、目部不應該過多干預。</p><p>　　為了保證政府監(jiān)督工作的有效性和權威性,應該提高監(jiān)督隊伍的整體素質。因此,加強建筑工程質量監(jiān)督機構的質量管理的學習,從而使得監(jiān)督隊伍的業(yè)務素質得以提高。另外,質量監(jiān)督手段也要不斷進行完善,增加檢測設備,使得監(jiān)督工作具有較大科技的含量,實現監(jiān)督工作的現代化。從建設市場的整體來看,市場運行的規(guī)則不夠完善。執(zhí)法不嚴,違法不究的現象常常會出現。工程質量受到危害在很大程度上都是由于建

41、設市場的混亂所造成的。因此,政府必須建立健全的運行規(guī)則,保證這些規(guī)則能夠真正落實處。</p><p>　　任何一個建設項目和其他建設項目比來，在規(guī)模大小，技術復雜程度，或者工程性質上可能有許多不同之處，但是在工程管理上有許多相同之處。在當前激烈的市場競爭中，有的工程公司在保持發(fā)展原有的市場領域上還能夠不斷地開拓并適應新的市場。在競爭中不斷發(fā)展壯大，而有的公司卻停滯下前，不斷萎縮，甚至退出市場走向衰亡，究其原因就是

42、沒有建立起一套先進、科學。靈活的工程管理機制。</p><p>　　影響施工項目質量的因素很多，諸如建筑結構的錯位、傾斜、倒塌、破壞、開裂、滲水、漏水、剛度差、強度不足、斷面尺寸不精確等，但究其原因，可以歸納如下：</p><p>　?。?）違背建筑程序。如不經可行性論證，不作調查分析就拍板定案；沒有搞清工程地質、水文地質就倉促開工；無證設計；無圖施工；任意修改設計，不按圖施工；工程竣工不

43、進行試車運轉，不經驗收就交付使用等若干現象，致使不少工程項目留有嚴重隱患，房屋倒塌事故也時有發(fā)生。</p><p>　?。?）工程地質勘察原因。未認真進行地質勘察，提供的地質資料，數據有誤。地質勘察時，鉆孔間距太大，不能全面反映地基的實際情況，如當基巖面起伏變化較大時，軟土層厚薄相差亦甚大；地質勘察鉆孔深度不夠，沒有查地下軟土層、滑坡、墓穴、孔洞等地層構造；地質勘察報告不詳細、不準確等，均會導致采用錯誤的基礎方案

44、，造成地基不均勻沉降、失穩(wěn)，使上部結構及墻體開裂、破壞、倒塌。</p><p>　?。?）未加固處理好地基。對軟弱土、沖填土、雜填土、濕陷性黃土、膨脹土、巖層出露、溶巖、土洞等不均勻地基未進行加固處理或處理不當，均是導致重大質量問題的原因。必須根據不同地基的工程特點，按照地基處理應與上部結構相結合，使其共同工作的原則，從地基處理、設計措施、結構措施、防水措施、施工措施方面綜合考慮治理。</p>&l

45、t;p>　?。?）設計計算問題。設計考慮不周，結構構造不合理，計算簡圖不正確，計算荷載取值過小，內力分析有誤，沉降縫及伸縮縫設置不當，懸挑結構未進行抗傾覆驗等，都是誘發(fā)質量問題的隱患。如某擋土墻工程由于設計時未了解清楚工程地質情況，施工時又未對現場情況進行核實，加上施工隊伍在基礎開挖時未能及時將現場地質情況反饋給設計人員，因此，盡管上部結構設計、施工質量良好，但因基礎設計不合理，以至于使用荷載尚未達到設計值的一半，擋土墻就出現了滑

46、移和倒塌。又如某圓筒倉開裂事故，也是由于設計人員疏忽，在試投產時就簡壁開裂，致使建筑物建成后不能滿足基本的使用要求。</p><p><b>　　工程項目管理措施</b></p><p>　　1必須建立和完善工程管理責任體系，明確重點，落實責任</p><p>　　建立和完善工程管理責任體系，關系工程管理是否順暢、責任是否明確、運作是否有效的問

47、題，是加強工程管理必須首先解決的問題。受薪資質標準的限制，象中鐵十七局這樣的大型建筑施工企業(yè)，在今后相當一個時期，得把生存發(fā)展的領域定位于鐵路、公路、市政等工程建筑市場，這要求企業(yè)必須把企業(yè)做強，把工程干好，提高核心競爭力。企業(yè)改制后，集團公司和子公司同為市場主體。以資產為紐帶，不再是行政隸屬關系，通過建立和完善工程管理責任體系，把工程管理的各個環(huán)節(jié)有效形成一個整體，協調運作，更顯重要。</p><p>　　2要

48、建立和完善工程處（子公司）為主體的施工管理體制。</p><p>　　這種體制要求工程處亦即子公司必須對施工方案的制定、生產要素的配置、重難點工程的監(jiān)控負責。所屬工程項目部主要負責施工方案的落實，設計變更、現場日常管理和通通內外關系；集團公司指揮部主要抓組織協調、重難點工程的突破和監(jiān)控保障，營造外部環(huán)境，注意處理</p><p>　　好與業(yè)主、監(jiān)理、設計單位和當地政府的關系；集團公司主要抓