外文翻譯--切削加工新概念

1、<p><b>　　中文部分</b></p><p><b>　　切削加工新概念</b></p><p>　　現(xiàn)今的刀具公司再也不能只是制造和銷售刀具，為了成功，他們必須與全球化制造趨勢保持一致，通過提高效率、同客戶合作來降低成本。在這個近乎瞬間的全球競爭的后NAFTA、后WTO時代，全世界的公司正對相同感覺作出更快、更輕、更便宜的反應(yīng)

2、。換句話說，他們制造的產(chǎn)品和零件包含能在高速下運轉(zhuǎn)，由于成本的壓力，最好、更輕而且要制造更便宜。取得這些目標(biāo)的一個最佳途徑是通過發(fā)展和應(yīng)用新材料，但這些新的和改進(jìn)的材料通常都難以加工。這種商業(yè)上的動力和技術(shù)上的困難的組合在汽車和航空工業(yè)尤其突出，并已成為有見識的刀具公司研發(fā)部門的首要驅(qū)動力。 </p><p>　　例如，拿球墨鑄鐵來說，它已成為發(fā)動機零件和其它汽車、農(nóng)用設(shè)備和機床工業(yè)上的零件的日益見的材料。這種合

3、金提供較低的生產(chǎn)成本和良好的機械性能的組合。他們比鋼材便宜，而比鑄鐵有更高的強度和韌性。但同時球墨鑄鐵非常耐磨，有快速磨壞刀具材料的傾向。這種耐磨性很大程度上受珠光體含量影響。某一已知球墨鑄鐵的珠光體含量越高，它的耐磨性越好，而且它的可加工性越差。另外，球墨鑄鐵的多孔性導(dǎo)致斷續(xù)切削，這更加降低壽命。 </p><p>　　可以預(yù)計，高硬度和高耐磨的切削材質(zhì)需考慮球墨鑄鐵的高耐磨性。并且事實上材質(zhì)包含極硬的TiC（

4、碳化鈦）或TiCN（碳氮化鈦）的厚涂層在切削速度每分鐘300米時加工球墨鑄鐵被證明通常是有效的。但是隨著切削速度的增加，切屑/刀具結(jié)合面的溫度也在增加。當(dāng)發(fā)生這樣的情況，TiC涂層傾向于和鐵發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)并軟化，更多的壓力作用在抗月牙洼磨損的涂層上。在這些條件下，希望有一種化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性更好的涂層，如Al2O3（雖然在較低的速度下不如TiC硬或耐磨）。 化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性比耐磨性更成為一個重要的表現(xiàn)性能分界的因素，速度和溫度取決于被加工球墨鑄

5、鐵的晶粒結(jié)構(gòu)和性能。但是通常厚涂層的TiC或TiCN和僅有氧化物的較薄涂層是針對球墨鑄鐵應(yīng)用的，因為今天大部分這類被加工材料的切削速度在每分鐘150到335米之間。對于速度高于每分鐘300米的應(yīng)用，人們對這種材料是滿意的。 為了使這個范圍性能最優(yōu)，山高研發(fā)和推出了針對球墨鑄鐵加工的材質(zhì)TX150。這種材質(zhì)有一個硬且抗變形的基體，對于加工球墨鑄鐵很理想。它的涂層由一層較厚的很耐磨的碳氮化鈦和一層較薄的抗月牙洼磨損的氧化物涂層，頂面

6、是一薄層TiN。這種涂層運用</p><p>　　切削加工時，工件的已加工表面是依靠切削工具和工件作相對運動來獲得的。按表面形成方法，切削加工可分為刀尖軌跡法、成形刀具法、展成法三類。</p><p>　　刀尖軌跡法是依靠刀尖相對于工件表面的運動軌跡，來獲得工件所要求的表面幾何形狀，如車削外圓、刨削平面、磨削外圓、用靠模車削成形面等，刀尖的運動軌跡取決于機床所提供的切削工具與工件的相對運動

7、；</p><p>　　成形刀具法簡稱成形法，是用與工件的最終表面輪廓相匹配的成形刀具，或成形砂輪等加工出成形面，如成形車削、成形銑削和成形磨削等，由于成形刀具的制造比較困難，因此一般只用于加工短的成形面；</p><p>　　展成法又稱滾切法，是加工時切削工具與工件作相對展成運動，刀具和工件的瞬心線相互作純滾動，兩者之間保持確定的速比關(guān)系，所獲得加工表面就是刀刃在這種運動中的包絡(luò)面，齒輪

8、加工中的滾齒、插齒、剃齒、珩齒和磨齒等均屬展成法加工。有些切削加工兼有刀尖軌跡法和成形刀具法的特點，如螺紋車削。</p><p>　　切削加工質(zhì)量主要是指工件的加工精度和表面質(zhì)量(包括表面粗糙度、殘余應(yīng)力和表面硬化)。隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，切削加工的質(zhì)量不斷提高。18世紀(jì)后期，切削加工精度以毫米計；20世紀(jì)初，切削加工的精度最高已達(dá)0.01毫米；至50年代，切削加工精度已達(dá)微米級；70年代，切削加工精度又提高到0.1微

9、米。</p><p>　　影響切削加工質(zhì)量的主要因素有機床、刀具、夾具、工件毛坯、工藝方法和加工環(huán)境等方面。要提高切削加工質(zhì)量，必須對上述各方面采取適當(dāng)措施，如減小機床工作誤差、正確選用切削工具、提高毛坯質(zhì)量、合理安排工藝、改善環(huán)境條件等。</p><p>　　提高切削用量以提高材料切除率，是提高切削加工效率的基本途徑。常用的高效切削加工方法有高速切削、強力切削、等離子弧加熱切削和振動切削

10、等。</p><p>　　磨削速度在45米／秒以上的切削稱為高速磨削。采用高速切削(或磨削)既可提高效率，又可減小表面粗糙度。高速切削(或磨削)要求機床具有高轉(zhuǎn)速、高剛度、大功率和抗振性好的工藝系統(tǒng)；要求刀具有合理的幾何參數(shù)和方便的緊固方式，還需考慮安全可靠的斷屑方法。</p><p>　　強力切削指大進(jìn)給或大切深的切削加工，一般用于車削和磨削。強力車削的主要特點是車刀除主切削刃外，還有一

11、個平行于工件已加工表面的副切削刃同時參與切削，故可把進(jìn)給量比一般車削提高幾倍甚至十幾倍。與高速切削比較，強力切削的切削溫度較低，刀具壽命較長，切削效率較高；缺點是加工表面較粗糙。強力切削時，徑向切削力很大故不適于加工細(xì)長工件。</p><p>　　振動切削是沿刀具進(jìn)給方向，附加低頻或高頻振動的切削加工，可以提高切削效率。低頻振動切削具有很好的斷屑效果，可不用斷屑裝置，使刀刃強度增加，切削時的總功率消耗比帶有斷屑裝

12、置的普通切削降低40％左右。高頻振動切削也稱超聲波振動切削，有助于減小刀具與工件之間的摩擦，降低切削溫度，減小刀具的粘著磨損，從而提高切削效率和加工表面質(zhì)量，刀具壽命約可提高40％。</p><p>　　對木材、塑料、橡膠、玻璃、大理石、花崗石等非金屬材料的切削加工，雖與金屬材料的切削類似，但所用刀具、設(shè)備和切削用量等各有特點。</p><p>　　木材制品的切削加工主要在各種木工機床上進(jìn)

13、行，其方法主要有：鋸切、刨切、車削、銑削、鉆削和砂光等。</p><p>　　塑料的剛度比金屬差，易彎曲變形，尤其是熱塑性塑料導(dǎo)熱性差，易升溫軟化。故切削塑料時，宜用高速鋼或硬質(zhì)合金刀具，選用小的進(jìn)給量和高的切削速度，并用壓縮空氣冷卻。若刀具鋒利，角度合適，可產(chǎn)生帶狀切屑，易于帶走熱量。</p><p>　　玻璃(包括鍺、硅等半導(dǎo)體材料)的硬度高而脆性大。對玻璃的切削加工常用切割、鉆孔、研

14、磨和拋光等方法。對厚度在三毫米以下的玻璃板，最簡單的切割方法是用金剛石或其他堅硬物質(zhì)，在玻璃表面手工刻劃，利用刻痕處的應(yīng)力集中，即可用手折斷。</p><p>　　對大理石、花崗石和混凝土等堅硬材料的加工，主要用切割、車削、鉆孔、刨削、研磨和拋光等方法。切割時可用圓鋸片加磨料和水；外圓和端面可采用負(fù)前角的硬質(zhì)合金車刀，以10～30米／分的切削速度車削；鉆孔可用硬質(zhì)合金鉆頭；大的石料平面可用硬質(zhì)合金刨刀或滾切刨刀刨

15、削；精密平滑的表面，可用三塊互為基準(zhǔn)對研的方法，或磨削和拋光的方法獲得。</p><p>　　刀具在熱強合金中的應(yīng)用 </p><p>　　航空加工也變化迅速。例如，鎳基高溫合金如幾年前多數(shù)人未聽說過的Rene88現(xiàn)在占到航空發(fā)動機制造使用總金屬量的10~25%。對于這個有很好的表現(xiàn)和商業(yè)理由。例如，這些熱強合金能增加發(fā)動機壽命而且允許較小的發(fā)動機工作在大飛機上，那將提高燃燒效率并降低運營

16、成本。這些韌性好的材料也把費用呈現(xiàn)在刀具上。它們的耐熱性導(dǎo)致刀尖上的溫度更高，從而降低了刀具壽命。相似地，這些合金里的碳化物顆粒顯著增加了摩擦，從而縮短刀具壽命。 作為這些條件改變的結(jié)果，曾經(jīng)能很滿意地加工很多鈦合金和鎳基合金的硬質(zhì)合金材質(zhì)C-2在應(yīng)用到當(dāng)今的合金時遭受切削刃的壓碎和切削深度線處嚴(yán)重的溝槽磨損。但是用最新的細(xì)顆粒硬質(zhì)合金能有效加工高溫合金，刀具壽命得到提高，更重要的是提高在高溫合金應(yīng)用時的可靠性。細(xì)顆粒硬質(zhì)合金

17、有比傳統(tǒng)硬質(zhì)合金材質(zhì)更高的壓縮強度和硬度，只是在韌性方面增加少量的成本。而結(jié)果是在高溫合金加工上比傳統(tǒng)硬質(zhì)合金抵抗常見失效模式更有效。 PVD（物理氣相沉積）涂層也被證明有效加工高溫合金。TiN（氮化鈦）PVD涂層是最早使用的并仍然是最受歡迎的。最近，TiAlN（氮鋁化鈦）和TiCN（碳氮化鈦）</p><p>　　干切削，包括冷卻液在內(nèi)的問題是刀具制造的科技和商業(yè)擴大產(chǎn)業(yè)化趨勢的另一個領(lǐng)域。北美和歐

18、洲嚴(yán)格冷卻液管理的要求和最大的三家汽車制造商強制它們的核心供應(yīng)商取得ISO14000認(rèn)證（ISO9000的環(huán)境管理版本），這使得冷卻液處理成本上升。對汽車公司和他們核心供應(yīng)商來說明顯受歡迎的反應(yīng)之一是在特定的加工應(yīng)用里完全免除冷卻液的使用。這種干加工的新世界給刀具供應(yīng)商提出了一系列挑戰(zhàn)。 </p><p>　　最近，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些有關(guān)這個專題揭示速度、進(jìn)給、涂層化學(xué)成分和其它參數(shù)的很充實的綜合性很強的有用的技術(shù)文

19、章。在這里我想集中論述在操作和商業(yè)含義上的汽車制造商的新“干加工觀點”。 </p><p>　　金屬加工從業(yè)人員能很好理解有關(guān)冷卻液使用的問題，但大多數(shù)不能理解有關(guān)除在刀具-工件接觸面間技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)（例如排屑）之外的干加工問題。通?？梢杂^察到流出的冷卻液分散切屑，但壓力超過3000磅/英寸2的高速冷卻液也能幫助斷屑，特別是軟且連續(xù)的切屑會引起刀具-工件接觸面上的麻煩。 采用干切削工藝的零件的結(jié)果是機床比采用

20、濕式加工零件的更熱。你是否允許它們測量前在露天自然冷卻？如果新加工的熱零件經(jīng)常放到周轉(zhuǎn)箱，升高周圍環(huán)境溫度，是否零件充分冷卻并正好足夠允許精度檢測？還有處置身邊幾十上百的零件會對操作工人增加額外負(fù)擔(dān)。 同許多刀具/工件的技術(shù)問題一起，這些潛在的問題需要陳述是否干加工能行。幸運地，有很多途徑闡述這些問題。例如，壓縮空氣被證明在很多應(yīng)用里排屑成為問題的場合有成功的反響。 另一個方案是叫做MQL（最小量潤滑）的技術(shù)，它由應(yīng)用

21、代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)冷卻液的相當(dāng)少量油霧構(gòu)成。這是一個公認(rèn)的折中方案，這種最小量技術(shù)會大幅度減少冷卻液的頭疼事，而且在許多應(yīng)用里加工出的光潔度也很好。這個領(lǐng)域仍然有很多研究在做，而且刀具公司積極參與這樣的研究是絕對必要的。如果他們不做將落后于競爭對手，</p><p>　　為什么微型制造和刀具相關(guān)。因為最主要的是顆粒尺寸越小，硬質(zhì)合金材料韌性越好且更耐磨。用納米級顆粒（一些專家定義為小于0.2μm，而其他人堅持納米顆粒要小于

22、0.1μm）制造的硬質(zhì)合金刀具原型已經(jīng)做好并測試,據(jù)稱耐磨性戲劇性地增加。問題是納米級的硬質(zhì)合金顆粒不能靠粉碎較大的材料形成，它們一定得通過更小的材料構(gòu)成，而處理分子級粒子還不是一件容易和經(jīng)濟的事情。</p><p><b>　　英文翻譯</b></p><p>　　The new concept of cutting processing</p>&l

23、t;p>　　The nowadays cutting tool company cannot only be again the manufacture and the sales cutting tool, in order to succeed, they must be consistent with the globalization manufacture tendency maintenance, through en

24、hances the efficiency, cooperates with the customer reduces the cost. Approaches the instantaneous global competition after this after NAFTA, the WTO time, the world company is making quickly to the same feeling, is ligh

25、ter, a cheaper response. In other words, they make the product and th</p><p>　　For example, takes the modular cast iron to say that, it has become the engine part and other automobiles, the agriculture the m

26、aterial which see day by day with the equipment and in the machine tool industry components. This kind of alloy provides the low production cost and the good machine capability combination. They are cheaper than the stee

27、l products, but has a higher intensity and toughness compared to the cast iron. But at the same time the modular cast iron is extremely wear-resisting, </p><p>　　May estimate that, the high degree of hardnes

28、s and the high wear-resisting cutting material quality must consider the modular cast iron the high resistance to wear. And the material quality contains extremely hard TiC in fact (carbonized titanium) or TiCN (carbon t

29、itanium nitrides) thick coating when cutting speed each minute 300 meters processes the modular cast iron to prove usually is effective. But along with cutting speed increase, scrap/The cutting tool junction plane temper

30、ature also is i</p><p>　　The chemical stability becomes an important performance performance dividing line compared to the resistance to wear the factor, the speed and the temperature is decided in is proces

31、sed the modular cast iron the crystal grain structure and the performance. But usually thick coating of TiCN and TiC or only ductile iron oxides in the soil coating is applied to, because the today majority of this kinds

32、 are processed the material the cutting speed in each minute 150 to 335 meters between. Is higher </p><p>　　In order to cause this scope performance to be most superior, the mountain high researched and dev

33、eloped and has promoted in view of modular cast iron processing material quality TX150. This kind of material quality has hard also the anti- distortion substrate, is very ideal regarding the processing modular cast iron

34、. Its coating the oxide compound coating which hollowly wears by thick very wear-resisting carbon titanium nitrides and a thin anti- crescent moon, the top is thin layer TiN. This k</p><p>　　The coating cera

35、mics also display can effectively process the modular cast iron. In the past, the aluminum oxide ceramics application which not the coating tough good such as nitriding silicon and the silicon carbide textile fiber stren

36、gthened the work piece material chemistry paralysis limit. Today but could resist the scrap distortion process through the use to have the high thermal coating cutting tool life already remarkably to increase. But certai

37、n early this domains work piece processing u</p><p>　　When machining, the work piece has processed the surface is depends upon the cutting tool and the work piece makes the relative motion to obtain.Accordin

38、g to the surface method of formation, the machining may divide into the knife point path law, the formed cutting tool law, the generating process three kinds.</p><p>　　The knife point path law is depends upo

39、n the knife point to be opposite in the work piece surface path, obtains the superficial geometry shape which the work piece requests, like the turning outer annulus, the shaping plane, the grinding outer annulus, with t

40、he profile turning forming surface and so on, the knife point path are decided the cutting tool and the work piece relative motion which provides in the engine bed; </p><p>　　The formed cutting tool law abbr

41、eviation forming, is with the formed cutting tool which matches with the work piece final superficial outline, or the formed grinding wheel and so on processes the formed surface, like formed turning, formed milling and

42、form grinding and so on, because forms the cutting tool the manufacture quite to be difficult, therefore only uses in processing the short formed surface generally; </p><p>　　The generating process name roll

43、s cuts method, is when the processing the cutting tool and the work piece do unfold the movement relatively, the cutting tool and the work piece centrode make the pure trundle mutually, between both maintains the definit

44、e transmission ratio relations, obtains the processing surface is the knife edge in this kind of movement envelope, in the gear processing rolls the tooth, the gear shaping, the shaving, the top horizontal jade piece too

45、th and rubs the tooth and so</p><p>　　The machining quality mainly is refers to the work piece the processing precision and the surface quality (including surface roughness, residual stress and superficial h

46、ardening).Along with the technical progress, the machining quality enhances unceasingly.The 18th century later periods, the machining precision counts by the millimeter; At the beginning of 20th century, machining precis

47、ion Gao Yida 0.01 millimeter; To the 50's, the machining precision has reached a micron level; The 70's, the ma</p><p>　　The influence machining quality primary factor has aspects and so on engine be

48、d, cutting tool, jig, work piece semifinished materials, technique and processing environment.Must improve the machining quality, must take the suitable measure to the above various aspects, like reduces the engine bed w

49、ork error, selects the cutting tool correctly, improves the semifinished materials quality, the reasonable arrangement craft, the improvement environmental condition and so on. </p><p>　　Enhances the cutting

50、 specifications to enhance the material excision rate, is enhances the machining efficiency the essential way.The commonly used highly effective machining method has the high-speed cutting, the force cutting, the plasma

51、arc heating cuts and vibrates the cutting and so on. </p><p>　　The grinding speed is called the high-speed grinding in 45 meters/second above cuttings.Uses the high-speed cutting (or grinding) both may enhan

52、ce the efficiency, and may reduce the surface roughness.The high-speed cutting (or grinding) requests the engine bed to have the high speed, the high rigidity, the high efficiency and the vibration-proof good craft syste

53、m; Requests the cutting tool to have the reasonable geometry parameter and the convenience tight way, but also must consider the safe re</p><p>　　The force cutting refers to the roughing feed or cuts the dee

54、p machining greatly, uses in the turning and the grinding generally.The force turning main characteristic is the lathe tool besides the main cutting edge, but also some is parallel in the work piece has processed superfi

55、cial the vice-cutting edge simultaneously to participate in the cutting, therefore may enhance to feed quantity compared to the general turning several times of even several times.Compares with the high-speed cutting, t&

56、lt;/p><p>　　The vibration cutting is along the cutting tool direction of feed, the attachment low frequency or the high frequency vibration machining, may enhance the cutting efficiency.The low frequency vibrat

57、ion cutting has the very good chip breaking effect, but does not use the chip breaking equipment, makes the knife edge intensity to increase, time the cutting total power dissipation compared to has the chip breaking ins

58、tallment ordinary cutting to reduce about 40%.The high frequency vibration cutting</p><p>　　To lumber, plastic, rubber, glass, marble, granite and so on nonmetallic material machining, although is similar wi

59、th the metal material cutting, but uses the cutting tool, the equipment and the cutting specifications and so on has the characteristic respectively. </p><p>　　The lumber product machining mainly carries in

60、 each kind of joiner's bench, its method mainly has: The saw cuts, digs cuts, the turning, the milling, drills truncates with the polishing and so on. </p><p>　　The plastic rigidity is worse than the met

61、al, the easy bending strain, the thermoplastic thermal conductivity to be in particular bad, easy to elevate temperature the conditioning.When cutting plastic, suitably with the high-speed steel or the hard alloy tools,

62、selects the small to feed quantity and the high cutting speed, and uses compressed air cooling.If the cutting tool is sharp, the angle is appropriate, may produce the belt-shaped scrap, easy to carry off the quantity of

63、heat. </p><p>　　Glass (including semiconducting material and so on germanium, silicon) but degree of hardness high brittleness is big.To methods and so on glass machining commonly used cutting, drill hole, a

64、ttrition and polishing.To thickness in three millimeters following glass plates, the simple cutting method is with the diamond or other hard materials, in glass surface manual scoring, the use scratch place stress concen

65、tration, then uses the hand to break off.</p><p>　　To the marble, the granite and the concrete and so on the hard material processing, mainly uses methods and so on cutting, turning, drill hole, shaping, att

66、rition and polishing.When cutting the available circular saw blade adds the grinding compound and the water; The outer annulus and the end surface may use the negative rake the hard alloy lathe tool, by 10~30 meter/minut

67、e cutting speed turning; Drills a hole the available hard alloy drill bit; The big stone material plane available hard alloy</p><p>　　Cutting tool in hot strong alloy application</p><p>　　The av

68、iation processing also changes rapidly. For example, nickel base heat-resisting alloy like several years ago the most people had not heard Rene88 now occupies to the aircraft engine manufacture uses the total metal quant

69、ity 10~25%. Has very good showing and the commercial reason regarding this. For example, these heat strong alloy will be able to increase the engine endurance moreover to permit the small engine work on the big airplane,

70、 that will enhance the combustion efficiency and reduc</p><p>　　As a result of changes in these conditions, can be very pleased to have processed many titanium alloys and nickel-based alloy materials C-2 har

71、d metal alloys, in the application to today's cutting edge of blade to the crushing and cutting depth of the trench lines badly worn. But using the latest high-temperature processing of small particles hard metal all

72、oys to be effective, cutlery life improved, but more importantly to enhance the reliability of applications in high-temperature alloys. Small</p><p>　　PVD (physical gas phase deposition) coating also by cert

73、ificate effective processing heat-resisting alloy. TiN (titanium nitrides) the PVD coating was uses and still was most early most receives welcome. Recently, TiAlN (nitrogen calorization titanium) and TiCN (carbon titani

74、um nitrides) the coating also could very good use. In the past the TiAlN coating application scope and TiN compared the limit to be more. But after the cutting speed enhances them is a very good choice, enhances the prod

75、ucti</p><p>　　Recently, used in the heat-resisting alloy application material quality already developing, these coating but became by several combinations. The massive laboratories and the scene test has alr

76、eady proven this kind of combination and other any kind of sole coating compares in time the very wide scope application is very effective. Therefore aims at the heat-resisting alloy application the PVD compound coating

77、possibly to become the focal point which the hard alloy new material quality research a</p><p>　　Dry processing</p><p>　　Including the refrigerant question is technical and the commercial expans

78、ion industrial production tendency another domain which the cutting tool makes. North America and the European strict refrigerant management request and the biggest three automobile manufacturer forces them the core supp

79、lier to obtain the ISO14000 authentication (the ISO9000 environment management edition), this causes the refrigerant processing cost rise. To the car company and their core supplier said obviously one of res</p>&

80、lt;p>　　Recently, already appeared some to concern this topic to promulgate the speed, to enter for, the coating chemical composition and other parameters very substantial comprehensive nature very strong useful techni

81、cal papers. Wants to concentrate the elaboration in here me "does the processing viewpoint" in the operation and commercial meaning automobile manufacturer new.</p><p>　　The metal working jobholder

82、s can the very good understanding related refrigerant use question, but majority cannot understand concerns except the technical challenge (for example row of filings) beside does the processing question in the cutting t

83、ool - work piece contact face between. Usually may observe to the refrigerant disperser scrap which flows out, but the pressure surpasses 3,000 pounds/An inch 2 high speed refrigerant also can help to break the filings,

84、specially soft also the continual</p><p>　　Uses does the cutting craft the components result is the engine bed uses the wet type processing components to be hotter than. Whether before you do allow them to

85、survey in the open-air natural cooling? If processes newly the hot components put frequently to the turnover box, elevates the environment temperature, whether components full cooling and just right enough permission pre

86、cision examination? Also has the handling side several dozens on hundred components to be able to operate the worker</p><p>　　With many cutting tools/The work piece technical question same place, these laten

87、t questions need to state whether dryly adds the ability line. Luckily, has very many ways to elaborate these questions. For example, the compressed air was proven row of filings becomes the question in very many applica

88、tions the situation to have the successful echo.</p><p>　　Another plan is called MQL (minimum lubrication) a technology, it replaces the traditional refrigerant by the application the quite few oil mists con

89、stitution. This is a recognition compromise plan, this kind of minimum technology can large scale reduce the refrigerant the headache matter, moreover the smooth finish which processes in many applications very is also g

90、ood. This domain still had very many research to do, moreover the cutting tool company positively participated in such research was</p><p>　　In the factory the special details design other perhaps better pla

91、n according to the world in. The manufacturing industry jobholders possibly still could ask why they do have to use recent development the technology to replace the refrigerant method diligently which the tradition alrea

92、dy an experience number generation of person improved enhances, because implemented especially does the experiment and the defeat which the processing or the subarid processing produced possibly causes the higher s</p

93、><p>　　Perhaps does the dry processing is not all suits to each application, but above discusses likely other processing questions are same, needs from a wider operation, the environment and the commercial angl

94、e appraises. Will be able to help the cutting tool company which the customer will do this to have the competitive advantage, but these will not be able to provide unceasingly is in the passive position.</p><p

95、>　　Cutting tool and nanotechnology</p><p>　　Can fiercely change the cutting tool industry the enchanting new domain is the miniature manufacture, or the processing small granule forms the product which ne

96、eds. Must refer to is its here does not have about the cutting tool miniature manufacture first matter; Second must say the matter is it is not remote. </p><p>　　Why the miniature manufacture and are the cut

97、ting tool related. Because most main is the particle size smaller, the hard alloy toughness of material better also is more wear-resisting. (Some experts define with the nanometer level pellet for are smaller than 0.2 mu

98、 m, but other people persisted a nanometer pellet had to be smaller than the hard alloy tools prototype which 0.1 mu m) made already to complete and the test,It is said that wear resistant theatrically increase. The ques