基于wsn的煤礦安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的研究外文翻譯

1、<p>　　基于WSN的煤礦安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的研究</p><p>　　摘 要 在本文中，我們使用無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)控煤礦的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了闡述。在一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)上的多傳感器可以捕獲各種各樣的環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)，包括礦山的振動(dòng)，礦井溫度，濕度和氣體濃度，和環(huán)境參數(shù)、控制風(fēng)扇運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)由許多無(wú)線傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)組成。煤礦安全監(jiān)控方案發(fā)展從可以保存匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)接收到的數(shù)據(jù)，并實(shí)時(shí)顯示和分析各種的信息來(lái)供決策。</p>&l

2、t;p><b>　　1 背景與介紹</b></p><p>　　煤炭安全生產(chǎn)關(guān)系到國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，如今，中國(guó)的煤礦安全信息系統(tǒng)是基于有線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，隨著煤炭開(kāi)采的加速，有線網(wǎng)絡(luò)在擴(kuò)展，靈活性，覆蓋率等方面具有嚴(yán)重不足。為了解決這些問(wèn)題，無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)是最好的選擇。 ZigBee是一種先進(jìn)的數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)，具有低速率，低功耗，協(xié)議簡(jiǎn)單，成本低，良好的擴(kuò)展性，容易形成無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)等特點(diǎn)。相比現(xiàn)有煤礦監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備

3、，節(jié)點(diǎn)構(gòu)成的無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的更小，更輕，更易于大規(guī)模部署。</p><p>　　由于數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸方式是通過(guò)無(wú)線電臺(tái)，節(jié)點(diǎn)掛鉤傳感器，可以打破電線電纜的約束，并可以使部署更加方便，靈活。此外，大規(guī)模的和靈活的部署節(jié)點(diǎn)對(duì)于礦工來(lái)說(shuō)使得更好的本地化工作。因此，它具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，將這一新技術(shù)和新方法，應(yīng)用在煤礦安全信息系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)中。</p><p><b>　　2 系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)<

4、;/b></p><p>　　本文設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)煤礦安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，它是基于ZigBee2007無(wú)線通信協(xié)議，采用TI公司生產(chǎn)的CC2530芯片做無(wú)線數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。煤礦安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)由三部分組成：控制中心，協(xié)調(diào)和終端節(jié)點(diǎn)。終端節(jié)點(diǎn)有兩種類(lèi)型：全功能設(shè)備（FFD ），部分功能的移動(dòng)設(shè)備（ RFD ）。監(jiān)督控制中心軟件是以TI的Z -位置引擎，它顯示了各監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的位置和狀態(tài)信息，它是一個(gè)在整個(gè)潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)域的地理信息的圖形化描

5、述。協(xié)調(diào)也是一個(gè)網(wǎng)關(guān)，它獲得FFD和RFD的所有信息，然后發(fā)送到控制中心的節(jié)點(diǎn)上然后通過(guò)監(jiān)控軟件來(lái)更新?tīng)顟B(tài)消息。此外，他還要廣播控制中心的指示。 FFD是路由器，它SA節(jié)點(diǎn)組鏈接在一起，并提供多希望消息，它與其他路由器和終端設(shè)備相關(guān)聯(lián)，而RFD僅僅是一個(gè)終端設(shè)備。</p><p>　　我們知道，整個(gè)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)可以分離的兩個(gè)子系統(tǒng)，煤礦井下環(huán)境調(diào)查和數(shù)據(jù)收集子系統(tǒng)和礦山集中智能信息管理子系統(tǒng)。本文將主要介紹煤礦井下環(huán)

6、境調(diào)查和數(shù)據(jù)采集子系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　考慮礦山井下的環(huán)境的實(shí)際情況，RFD主要負(fù)責(zé)用于收集礦工的生理功能，然后通過(guò)無(wú)線通訊方式將其發(fā)送到FDD，F(xiàn)DD由具有路由功能，可以收集環(huán)境參數(shù)的節(jié)點(diǎn)，然后將數(shù)據(jù)上傳到管理中心。礦山井下系統(tǒng)主要通過(guò)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的鏈接，可靠的通信應(yīng)用來(lái)保證它的正常工作。地面礦山系統(tǒng)包括各類(lèi)綜合服務(wù)體系，服務(wù)平臺(tái)體系，監(jiān)測(cè)分析系統(tǒng)和緊急行動(dòng)中心等等，這些通過(guò)TCP/ IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接設(shè)備連接

7、。</p><p><b>　　3 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p><b>　　3.1硬件設(shè)計(jì)。</b></p><p>　　在系統(tǒng)中的每個(gè)終端節(jié)點(diǎn)組成的CC2530，振動(dòng)傳感器，氣體傳感器，溫度和濕度傳感器，射頻模塊，電源模塊，無(wú)線收發(fā)信機(jī)的天線和復(fù)位電路模塊。基于CC2530的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)示于圖1。這個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)是

8、僅作為終端節(jié)點(diǎn)，預(yù)留外接電源接口和UART端口外部LPC1756板是為了滿(mǎn)足不同的應(yīng)用需求; ZigBee協(xié)議;移植后的TinyOS操作系統(tǒng)做準(zhǔn)備。</p><p>　　圖1基于CC2530的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)圖</p><p>　　無(wú)線電射頻模塊之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸是基于IEEE802.15.4。為了降低系統(tǒng)的成本，縮短產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)周期和降低的難度，功耗，提高發(fā)射功率，考慮接收靈敏度，芯片的成本，

9、協(xié)議堆棧的成本因素以及芯片和外圍元件的數(shù)量需等，這些選擇一個(gè)芯片要主要考慮的因素。最后，TI的免費(fèi)協(xié)議棧的ZigBee芯片CC2530的ZigBee-2007被挑選出來(lái)。行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的增強(qiáng)型8051 MCU與RF收發(fā)器，其發(fā)射功率為1mW，接收靈敏度為-94dBm，當(dāng)符號(hào)錯(cuò)誤率是1％，電流損耗小于0.6μA當(dāng)系統(tǒng)處于待機(jī)模式，當(dāng)RF為2.4GHz，其數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率是240KB/ s的所有參數(shù)滿(mǎn)足系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的需求。3.6V的鋰電池，電壓轉(zhuǎn)換電路是

10、由電源管理模塊，它有兩個(gè)輸出通道提供不同的電壓和電流供給無(wú)線射頻模塊和傳感器檢測(cè)模塊。</p><p>　　作為一個(gè)網(wǎng)關(guān)，需要協(xié)調(diào)與控制中心的溝通，這是與終端節(jié)點(diǎn)所不同的，所以我們需要在硬件設(shè)計(jì)上添加另一個(gè)通信端口，此端口可以廣泛使用，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)系統(tǒng)并不是專(zhuān)為一些計(jì)算機(jī)、單片機(jī)或PLC設(shè)計(jì)的。因此，RS-232和USB接口都適用于這個(gè)它。匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)如圖2所示。</p><p>　　圖

11、2匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p>　　此模塊是匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)的主板的一部分，特殊應(yīng)用程序也可以使用它作為一個(gè)普通節(jié)點(diǎn); UART接口的RF模塊的一部分，則可以保留通過(guò)電源接口，此模塊的CC2530射頻模塊作為一個(gè)群集節(jié)點(diǎn)模塊時(shí)，上述結(jié)構(gòu)未配備傳感器;主板上的設(shè)計(jì)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口連接到以太網(wǎng)，GSM模塊主要使用GPRS或3G數(shù)據(jù)通信功能，通過(guò)終端傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)和公共網(wǎng)絡(luò)（3G），進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程控制或遠(yuǎn)程擴(kuò)展監(jiān)測(cè)。</p>

12、<p><b>　　3.2軟件設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　ZigBee無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的有三種類(lèi)型的節(jié)點(diǎn)：協(xié)調(diào)器，路由器（或FFD）和終端設(shè)備（或RFD）是在圖3中所示的無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)的工作狀態(tài)圖。</p><p>　　這種設(shè)計(jì)采用了由TI公司，這是免費(fèi)的和半開(kāi)放源碼的ZigBee協(xié)議棧Z-stack2007提供。Z-stack2007是由MAC層

13、，物理層和應(yīng)用層，網(wǎng)絡(luò)層之間的通信的設(shè)備和活動(dòng)，消息路由網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)現(xiàn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備在初始化的Z-stack2007是負(fù)責(zé)的。ZigBee標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定義了三種類(lèi)型的設(shè)備，每個(gè)設(shè)備都有自己的功能要求，ZigBee協(xié)調(diào)器啟動(dòng)和配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)。同時(shí)，它是負(fù)責(zé)正常工作并保持在與其它網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備通信。一個(gè)ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)只允許一個(gè)ZigBee協(xié)調(diào)。 ZigBee路由器負(fù)責(zé)重發(fā)的消息發(fā)送到其他設(shè)備。電網(wǎng)的ZigBee和樹(shù)型網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以有多個(gè)ZigBee路由器。

14、0;ZigBee終端節(jié)點(diǎn)通過(guò)ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以執(zhí)行它自己的相關(guān)的功能和與其它網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備進(jìn)行通信。 </p><p>　　圖3 WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)的工作狀態(tài)圖</p><p>　　圖4 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)軟件的的工作流程圖</p><p>　　由于ZigBee的WSN網(wǎng)關(guān)，協(xié)調(diào)器會(huì)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的形成。在那之后，它會(huì)等待，直到所有的節(jié)點(diǎn)附近完成加盟網(wǎng)。然后，協(xié)調(diào)器會(huì)發(fā)送指令收

15、集信息，如連接狀態(tài)，傳感器數(shù)據(jù)和位置數(shù)據(jù)，然后發(fā)送到控制中心，最后監(jiān)控軟件更新各種狀態(tài)值。所有這些過(guò)程都在一個(gè)定時(shí)執(zhí)行周期內(nèi)完成的。WSN中節(jié)點(diǎn)的軟件工作流程圖如圖四所示。</p><p><b>　　4 結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　一種新的煤礦安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)，它包括智能，低成本，低功耗和低維護(hù)敏感的傳感器和ZigBee無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)。該系統(tǒng)可以監(jiān)視該氣體的

16、濃度，溫度和濕度和敏感振動(dòng)，對(duì)潛在的危險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行早期警告;減少生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。基于無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)是容易被部署，同時(shí)它克服了現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的缺點(diǎn)。 因此，可以說(shuō)它彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的弱點(diǎn)。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)以無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)為核心，增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的靈活性，可維護(hù)性和可擴(kuò)展性，同時(shí)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)制和開(kāi)放式結(jié)構(gòu)，使系統(tǒng)能有一個(gè)良好的可能性。我們?cè)u(píng)估這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)，并獲得了一些有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，將有利于我們的后續(xù)工作。</p><p>　　Res

17、earch on Mine Safety Monitoring System Based On WSN</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　In this paper our experiences using a wireless sensor network to monitor the coal mines are desc

18、ribed. The multi -sensor in one node can capture a variety of environmental data, including the vibration of the mine, the mine temperature, humidity and gas concentration, and environmental parameters control operation

19、of the fan. Network consists of many wireless sensor nodes. Mine safety monitoring program has been developed to save the received data from sink nodes and show it on real time and ana</p><p>　　© 2011 P

20、ublished by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), McGill University and University of Wollo

21、ngong.</p><p>　　Keywords: CC2530; ZigBee; wireless sensor network;Mine-monitoring system;sensor node</p><p>　　1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　Coal production safety is relat

22、ed to the development of the national economy, nowadays, the coal mine safety information system of China is based on cable network, with the acceleration of coal mining, the wired network has the serious insufficiency i

23、n aspects and so on extension, flexibility, coverage fraction all. In order to solve these questions, the wireless network is the best choice. ZigBee is an up-to-data communication technology, with the low gear rate, low

24、 power loss, simple agreement</p><p>　　As data acquisition and transmission approach is through wireless radios, the nodes linked sensors can break the constraint of wire and cable and make the deployment mo

25、re convenient and flexible. Moreover, the large-scale and flexible deployment of nodes makes for better localization of miners. Therefore, it has momentous practical significance to apply this new technology and new meth

26、od in the design of coal mine Safety Information System[1].</p><p>　　2. STRUCTURE OF THE SYSTEM</p><p>　　This paper designed a mine safety monitoring system, It is based on ZigBee2007 wireless c

27、ommunication protocol, adopts the CC2530 chip produced by TI company to doing wireless data transmission. The mine safety monitoring system consists of three parts: control center, coordinator and terminal nodes. There a

28、re two kinds of terminal nodes: full-function device (FFD) and reduced-function device (RFD). The supervising software on the control center is based on TI’s Z-Location Engine, it shows the l</p><p>　　As we

29、can see, the whole monitoring system can be separated in two subsystems, investigating environment and collecting data subsystem down the mine and centralized intellectualinformation managing subsystem up the mine. This

30、article will mainly introduce environment investigating and data collecting subsystem down the mine[2].</p><p>　　Considering the practical situation of the environment under the mine, RFD are mainly responsi

31、ble for collecting physiological features of the miners, and then send them to FDD via wireless communication way. FDD consists of nodes possessing routing functions which can collect environmental parameters in time, an

32、d then upload the data to administration center. The down mine systems mainly link by wireless network equipments to apply reliable communication. The upper mine system includes various </p><p>　　3. SYSTEM D

33、ESIGN</p><p>　　3.1. Hardware design</p><p>　　Each terminal node in the system is composed of CC2530, vibration sensor, gas sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, radio frequency module, power

34、supply module, wireless transceiver antenna and reset circuit module. The CC2530-based sensor node hardware structure is shown in Fig. 2. This node is only as terminal nodes; Reserved external power supply interface and

35、UART port is intended to external LPC1756 board to meet different application needs; The ZigBee agreement; post-transplant TinyOS t</p><p>　　Fig.1 CC2530-based sensor node hardware structure</p><p

36、>　　The data transmission between radio RF modules is based on IEEE802.15.4. In order to reduce the cost of system, shorten product development cycle and lower the difficulty, the factors including power consumption, t

37、ransmitting power, receiving sensitivity, chip costs, protocol stack costs and the number of peripheral components the chip need are mainly considered when choose a chip. Finally, TI’ s ZigBee chip CC2530 with free proto

38、col stack ZigBee-2007 is picked out. The RF transceiver with an in</p><p>　　As a gateway, the coordinator has to communicate with the control center, which is different from the terminal nodes. So we need an

39、other communication port in hardware design. This port should be widely used because this system is not specially designed for some computer, SCM or PLC[3]. Therefore, RS-232 and USB is qualified for this. The Aggregatio

40、n node hardware structure is in shown in Fig. 2.</p><p>　　Fig.2 aggregation node hardware structure</p><p>　　This module is part of the motherboard as the aggregation node, special applications

41、can also use it as an ordinary node; RF module part of the UART interface can be reserved through the power supply interface, the module when the CC2530 RF module as a Cluster node module, the above is not equipped with

42、sensors; On the motherboard has the GSM module mainly to use its GPRS or the 3G data communication function, with by the terminal sensor network and the public network (3G), designs the network i</p><p>　　3.

43、2. Software design</p><p>　　ZigBee WSN has three kinds of nodes: the coordinator, the router (or FFD) and the end device (or RFD). The WSN node working state diagram is in shown in Fig. 3.</p><p&g

44、t;　　This design adopts Z-stack2007 offered by TI company which is free and half open-source ZigBee protocol stack. Z-stack2007 is made up of MAC layer, physical layer and application layer, The network layer of Z-stack20

45、07 is responsible for communication among the devices and activities, message routing network discovery in the initialization of network devices[3][4]. ZigBee standard defines three types of equipment, each has its own f

46、unction requirement. ZigBee coordinator starts and configures th</p><p>　　Fig.3 WSN nodes working state diagram</p><p>　　As the gateway of the ZigBee WSN, coordinator automatically initiates the

47、 formation of the network. After that, it will wait on until all the nodes nearby finished joining in the net [6]. Then the coordinator will sent instructions or collect information such as the connection status, sensor

48、data and location data, and then sent them to the control center to update value in the supervising software. All these processes are completed in a specified number of regularly timed execution cycles. The </p>&

49、lt;p>　　4. CONCLUSIONS</p><p>　　A new mine safety monitoring system was developed; it compromises sensitive sensors and ZigBee WSN which is smart, low-cost, low-power and low-maintenance. This system can m

50、onitor the gas concentration, temperature and humidity and vibration sensitively, carry on the early warning to the potential hazard; reduce loss of life and property. Based on WSN, this system is easy to be deployed and

51、 overcomes the shortcomings on current systems. Therefore it can compensate for the weaknesses of current s</p><p>　　Fig.4 The software work flow chart of WSN node</p><p>　　Acknowledgements</

52、p><p>　　Thank the Jiangsu JIQUN information(group) industry co, ltd for cooperation in support of this research.</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　[1]Chun JIN. Application of ZigBee on coa

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