外文翻譯--數(shù)字鐵路總體框架的研究

1、<p>　　2400英文單詞，15000英文字符，中文4200字</p><p>　　文獻(xiàn)出處：Zhou Y, Liu Y S, Zhou C Y. Research on General Framework of Digital Railway[M]// Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Advancement of Construc

2、tion Management and Real Estate. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014:917-923.</p><p>　　Research on General Framework of Digital Railway</p><p>　　Ying Zhou, Yi-sheng Liu, and Chong-yi Zhou</p>

3、<p>　　Abstract The digital railway provides information service and decision support to the construction, operation, management and development of railway, which would help to improve the management level of const

4、ruction, the control ability of safety, the production efficiency of transportation, the economic benefit and service quality. The paper defines clearly the research objectives for China’s construction of digital railway

5、 and their key technologies while putting forward the general frame- work</p><p>　　Keywords Digital railway ? Standard system ? Framework system ? Information sharing</p><p>　　1Introduction<

6、/p><p>　　Digital railway refers to the comprehensive use of computer, GIS, communication, network, remote sensing, remote measuring, virtualization, multimedia technology, etc., which constitutes an railway inf

7、ormation system making good use of the resources regarding national fundamental geographic information, railway exploration and design information, railway construction information and railway operation information to co

8、nstruct the railway spatial data warehouse, by which organization of railway tr</p><p>　　2Research Objectives of Digital Railway</p><p>　　Research objectives of digital railway can be summarize

9、d as “a database, a drawing, a platform, three industrializations, three systems and a management”.</p><p>　　1.A database: A shared railway spatial data warehouse composed of metadatabase, public spatial da

10、tabase, infrastructure database and operation database is built based on national natural resources and the resources regarding fundamental geographic information, railway exploration and design information, railway cons

11、truction information and railway operation information, so as to achieve centralized and efficient management of valid data of new and existing railways.</p><p>　　2.A drawing: An electronic drawing for the

12、national railway construction and maintenance is provided to serve each business information system.</p><p>　　3.Railway information sharing platform: The railway information sharing plat- form is built base

13、d on the railway spatial data warehouse, and comprehensive use of the geographic information technology, satellite positioning technology, remote sensing technology, intelligent image processing technology, 3D visualizat

14、ion technology and so on [2], so as to achieve linkage between the “digital stream” in every link of the railway system, realize information sharing between business information syste</p><p>　　4.Three indus

15、trializations: Achieve intelligentization of railway transport organization, socialization of passenger and freight marketing, and modernization of operation management.</p><p>　　5.Three systems: (1) Digita

16、l railway standard system; (2) Railway information security system; (3) Railway operation and maintenance management system.</p><p>　　6.A management: Achieve digitized railway management.</p><p&g

17、t;　　3Key Technologies of Digital Railway</p><p>　　1.3S technology</p><p>　　As the generic name of geographic information system (GIS), global positioning system (GPS) and remote sensing techni

18、ques (RS), 3S technology is the foundation for digital railway construction, and is applied together with its integration in railway spatial data acquisition, updating, integration and management, positioning and navigat

19、ion, 3D visualization of railway information and so on from the railway survey and design stage to its operation and maintenance stage. RS is mainly used for the r</p><p>　　2.Virtual reality technology</

20、p><p>　　The application of virtual reality technology in digital railway can provide the users with intuitive railway visual information. In fact, this technology is used to truly reproduce the whole railway an

21、d related information thereof to the railway. Through the virtual reality system and with the unceasing improvement of the resolution, any department, construction site, line, station, bridge or tunnel of the railway can

22、 be “inspected”, and enquiry, analysis and other operations of its information</p><p>　　3.Multi-dimensional railway spatial data warehouse</p><p>　　Spatial data warehouse aims at solving the pr

23、oblems such as mass data storage, enquiry and processing based on the data warehouse, through introducing the space dimensionality, increasing spatial data storage, management and analysis capabilities, and intercepting

24、the information of different spatiotemporal scales from transient state to sectors and until the whole railway system from different “digital railway” application systems according to the subject.</p><p>　　4

25、.Information sharing and security technology</p><p>　　As the railway spatial information service platform, digital railway can effectively eliminate the problem that it is difficult to share the information

26、 resources caused by “strong network system in longitudinal departments and weak net- work system in horizontal departments” and “information island” through application of the digitized railway engineering and spatial i

27、nformation technology, in combination with the data fusion and exploitation technology, and research of the railway spatial data</p><p>　　4General Framework of Digital Railway</p><p>　　4.1Summ

28、ary of the General Framework of Digital Railway</p><p>　　Composed of the railway information infrastructure, railway spatial data ware- house, railway information sharing platform and application system (tra

29、nsport organization, passenger and freight marketing and operation management), general framework of digital railway is focused on construction of the railway spatial data warehouse and centralized and efficient manageme

30、nt of valid data of new and existing railways, so as to achieve linkage between the “digital stream” in every link of the railway </p><p>　　4.2General Framework Structure of Digital Railway</p><p

31、>　　The digital railway shall be an application system composed of the base layer, data layer, service layer and application layer.</p><p>　　1.Base layer: It is composed of the high-speed railway broadban

32、d communication network infrastructure platform, hardware, software, and network security plat- form, which meet the voice, data and image transmission requirements of digital railway, and lay the solid foundation for di

33、gital railway. According to the imagination of the national information highway, the network should be an integrated, digitized and intelligentized broadband without spatiotemporally limited communication and with go<

34、/p><p>　　2.Data layer: The railway spatial data warehouse establishes a multidimensional spatial database mainly including the 2D and 3D spatial data, builds the business support oriented special database, spa

35、tial model database and business model base, constructs an uniform multidimensional railway spatial data warehouse, integrates the railway spatial information, and densifies the informationized basic railway platform con

36、tent relying on the national fundamental geographic data, based on the uniform </p><p>　　3.Service layer: As the railway information sharing platform and railway engineering framework support, the service l

37、ayer provides 2D spatial data service, 3D data application service, line video application service, digital measurable image service, special data application service and data model application service, etc. The problem

38、that it is difficult to share the information resources caused by “strong network system in longitudinal departments and weak net- work system in horizontal depar</p><p>　　4.Application layer: It is the bus

39、iness application system mainly based on transport organization, passenger and freight marketing and operation management. It can enhance the application system quality combining with the digitized means of business proc

40、ess, achieve the intelligentization of transport organization, socialization of passenger and freight marketing and modernization of operation management, serve each business management within the railway, provide the so

41、cial public with advanced</p><p>　　4.3Data Standard and Standard System</p><p>　　The digital railway is built under the premise of establishing a perfect digital railway standard system, which

42、should include the data content (including metadata) standard, data quality control standard, data exchange standard, SOA (service oriented architecture) standard and information sharing service standard.</p><

43、;p>　　1.Basic railway spatial data content and standard</p><p>　　Basic railway spatial data content and standard is the main part of the spatial data management standard, mainly including the basic railwa

44、y spatial information, sharable professional spatial information and metadata content standard etc. Digital railway should realize the expansion and compatibility of national metadata standard based on referring to the i

45、nternational standard. The digital railway metadata standard construction mainly refers to the following international metadata standards: IS</p><p>　　2.Data quality control standard</p><p>　　A

46、t present, the spatial data used in various business systems of the Ministry of Railways are separately purchased and produced, different systems have different requirements of the spatial data, and the data are implemen

47、ted in different business systems at different time, so that the free spatial data quality in various departments is different. During the digital railway construction, it is necessary to strictly control the spatial dat

48、a quality in accordance with corresponding national standar</p><p>　　3.Data exchange standard</p><p>　　The core of the digital railway is sharing, so the standardization of the spatial data exc

49、hange format is also a very important link. Digital railway should realize the data exchange between the data providers and data users under different platforms through the data exchange formats. As a result, it should b

50、e able to guarantee supporting the frequently used data formats, such as DWG, TIF, DXF, etc.; supporting the virtual standard exchange formats, such as E00, SHP etc.; supporting the national</p><p>　　4.SOA

51、standard</p><p>　　Digital railway provides the social public with advanced comprehensive application services of railway passenger and freight transport through the railway application mainly based on e-comm

52、erce and modern logistics, and needs to provide standard Web Service using the SOA, so as to provide a variety of public services and interfaces. As a result, it is still necessary to follow certain SOA standards during

53、construction of the digital railway information sharing plat- form, including WSDL (Web Ser</p><p>　　5.Information sharing service standard</p><p>　　Shared services provided by the digital rail

54、way information sharing platform should be able to support reading and allocating the heterogeneous system, so as to achieve the purpose of the system data integration and function sharing. As a result, this digital rail

55、way information sharing platform adopts the service- oriented architecture, which involves many interoperability standards.</p><p>　　5Conclusions</p><p>　　This paper clearly shows the research

56、objectives of digital railway and key technologies required to build digital railway in China, and proposes the general framework and structure of the digital railway in China, and standard system of digital railway info

57、rmation etc.</p><p>　　With the large-scale development of the railway, especially high-speed railway China, future task of the railway construction and operation is very heavy and complex. It is in very clea

58、r and urgent need of promoting and enhancing the railway development by informatization, and the research of digital railway is of great significance for the railway informatization construction in China.</p><

59、p>　　References</p><p>　　1.China Ministry of Railway (2005) Feasibility study of information system in railway construc- tion, Beijing</p><p>　　2.Jaafari A (1997) Concurrent construction and

60、 life cycle project management [J]. J Constr Eng Manag:123–124</p><p>　　3.Pena-Mora F, Hussein K, Vadhavkar S, Benjamin K (2000) CAIRO: a concurrent engineering meeting environment for virtual design teams

61、[J]. Artif Intell Eng 14(3):203–219</p><p>　　數(shù)字鐵路總體框架的研究</p><p>　　周穎,劉一生,周重一</p><p>　　摘要：數(shù)字鐵路為鐵路的建設(shè),運(yùn)營(yíng),管理和發(fā)展提供方信息服務(wù)和決策支持,有利于提高施工管理水平,安全的控制能力,運(yùn)輸生產(chǎn)效率,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和服務(wù)質(zhì)量。本文明確定義了中國(guó)建筑數(shù)字鐵路的研究目標(biāo)及其關(guān)

62、鍵技術(shù),同時(shí)提出了中國(guó)數(shù)字鐵路的總體框架和組成,即數(shù)字鐵路信息標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系等內(nèi)容,這將對(duì)數(shù)字鐵路的建設(shè)具有重要指導(dǎo)意義。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)字鐵路,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系,框架體系,信息共享</p><p><b>　　1引言</b></p><p>　　數(shù)字鐵路是指綜合運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī),地理信息系統(tǒng),通信,網(wǎng)絡(luò),遙感,遙測(cè),虛擬化,多媒體技術(shù)等,這構(gòu)成一

63、個(gè)良好利用關(guān)于國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)地理信息,鐵路勘察設(shè)計(jì)信息,鐵路建設(shè)信息和鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)信息的資源來構(gòu)建鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫的鐵路信息系統(tǒng),通過鐵路運(yùn)輸,營(yíng)銷顧客和商品的鐵路信息系統(tǒng)組織,可以在數(shù)碼相框中收集,挖掘,處理并顯示出他們的管理領(lǐng)域,固定設(shè)施和移動(dòng)設(shè)備的信息。數(shù)字鐵路為鐵路的建設(shè),運(yùn)營(yíng),管理和發(fā)展提供方信息服務(wù)和決策支持,有利于提高施工管理水平,安全的控制能力,運(yùn)輸生產(chǎn)效率,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和服務(wù)質(zhì)量。近年來,中國(guó)鐵路信息化建設(shè)的目標(biāo)之一就是建立數(shù)字鐵路

64、。</p><p>　　2數(shù)字鐵路的研究目標(biāo)</p><p>　　數(shù)字鐵路的研究目標(biāo)可以總結(jié)為“一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫,一張繪圖,一個(gè)平臺(tái),三個(gè)工業(yè)化,三個(gè)體系和一個(gè)管理”。</p><p><b>　　（1）一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫</b></p><p>　　由元數(shù)據(jù)庫,公共空間數(shù)據(jù)庫,基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)庫和操作數(shù)據(jù)庫組成的共享鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫是建立在

65、以國(guó)家自然資源和關(guān)于基礎(chǔ)地理信息,鐵路勘察設(shè)計(jì)信息,鐵路建設(shè)信息和鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)信息為資源的基礎(chǔ)上,從而達(dá)到對(duì)新的以及現(xiàn)有鐵路有效數(shù)據(jù)的集中有效管理。</p><p><b>　　（2）一張繪畫 </b></p><p>　　電子繪圖為國(guó)家鐵路建設(shè)和維護(hù)提供了服務(wù)各業(yè)務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　?。?）鐵路信息共享平臺(tái) </p>&

66、lt;p>　　鐵路信息共享平臺(tái)是基于鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫,并綜合運(yùn)用地理信息技術(shù),衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù),遙感技術(shù),智能圖像處理技術(shù),三維可視化技術(shù)等技術(shù)建成的。以便實(shí)現(xiàn)鐵路系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中“數(shù)字流”之間的聯(lián)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)輸組織,客貨營(yíng)銷和運(yùn)營(yíng)管理及其在鐵路外的相關(guān)系統(tǒng)之間的領(lǐng)域中企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)之間的信息共享,提供使用統(tǒng)一的公共基礎(chǔ)代碼,基本運(yùn)輸信息和基本空間信息服務(wù)的鐵路業(yè)務(wù)信息系統(tǒng),并消除由“縱向部門中強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)和橫向部門中弱網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)”和“信息孤

67、島”引起的難以共享的問題。</p><p>　?。?）三個(gè)工業(yè)化：實(shí)現(xiàn)鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)闹悄芑?客貨營(yíng)銷的社會(huì)化和運(yùn)營(yíng)管理的現(xiàn)代化。 </p><p>　?。?）三種體系：①數(shù)字鐵路標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系;②鐵路信息安全體系;③鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)維護(hù)管理系統(tǒng)。 </p><p>　?。?）管理：實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字化鐵路管理。 </p><p>　　3數(shù)字鐵路的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)</p&g

68、t;<p><b>　　（1）3S技術(shù) </b></p><p>　　作為地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）,全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）和遙感技術(shù)（RS）的統(tǒng)稱,3S技術(shù)是數(shù)字鐵路建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ),并連同其整合應(yīng)用于從鐵路勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)階段到其操作和維護(hù)階段中鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)的采集,更新,集成,管理,定位,導(dǎo)航和鐵路信息三維可視化等。RS主要用于鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)的采集和更新；GPS主要用于鐵路空間參考,空間技術(shù)信

69、息的獲取,更新,定位和導(dǎo)航服務(wù)等；GIS主要用于鐵路空間信息的集成,管理,三維建模和可視化應(yīng)用等。</p><p>　?。?）虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù) </p><p>　　虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)在數(shù)字鐵路中的應(yīng)用可以為用戶提供直觀的鐵路視覺信息。事實(shí)上,這一技術(shù)真正被用于再生產(chǎn)整個(gè)鐵路及相關(guān)的鐵路資料。通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)系統(tǒng)和決議的不斷改善,任何部門,施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng),線路,車站,橋梁或隧道都可以被檢查,并且用戶可以對(duì)這些

70、信息進(jìn)行查詢,分析以及其他操作。可視化和數(shù)字化3D鐵路模型是建立于數(shù)字鐵路中虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的應(yīng)用技術(shù)研究,三維可視化鐵路線,站,隧道,橋梁等研究,并與融合了數(shù)字化測(cè)量圖像技術(shù)。</p><p>　?。?）多維鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫 </p><p>　　空間數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫的目的是解決以下問題,如大容量數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ),基于數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫的查詢及處理,通過引入空間維數(shù)來提高空間數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ),管理和分析能力,以及攔截根據(jù)拍攝對(duì)

71、象從瞬態(tài)到部門和直到來自不同的“數(shù)字鐵路”應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的整個(gè)鐵路系統(tǒng)的不同時(shí)空尺度的信息。</p><p>　?。?）信息共享與安全技術(shù) </p><p>　　由于鐵路空間信息服務(wù)平臺(tái),數(shù)字鐵路能通過數(shù)字化鐵路工程和空間信息技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,數(shù)據(jù)融合和開發(fā)技術(shù)的組合,和鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)共享技術(shù)與方法的研究,有效地消除由“縱向部門中強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)和橫向部門中弱網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)”和“信息孤島”引起的難以共享信息資源的問

72、題,而且能推進(jìn)鐵路信息共享平臺(tái)的加速建設(shè)。以便為用戶提供各種統(tǒng)一豐富的鐵路空間信息服務(wù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,信息安全技術(shù)體系進(jìn)行了研究,而信息安全應(yīng)該包括物理安全,網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全,主機(jī)安全,應(yīng)用程序和數(shù)據(jù)的安全以及管理體系的安全等。信息安全可以靠使用可靠的安全技術(shù)系統(tǒng),數(shù)字證書等措施來保證安全。</p><p><b>　　4數(shù)字鐵路總體框架</b></p><p>　　4.1數(shù)字

73、鐵路總體框架概述 </p><p>　　由鐵路信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫,鐵路信息共享平臺(tái)和應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)（運(yùn)輸組織,客貨營(yíng)銷和運(yùn)營(yíng)管理）,數(shù)字鐵路的總體框架著重于建設(shè)鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫以及對(duì)新的和現(xiàn)有鐵路有效數(shù)據(jù)的集中有效管理,以便實(shí)現(xiàn)鐵路系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中“數(shù)字流”之間的聯(lián)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)輸組織,客貨營(yíng)銷和運(yùn)營(yíng)管理及其在鐵路外的相關(guān)系統(tǒng)之間的領(lǐng)域中企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)之間的信息共享,加強(qiáng)鐵路智能運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的水平,并通過主要基于電子

74、商務(wù)和現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)的鐵路應(yīng)用,為社會(huì)公眾提供鐵路客貨運(yùn)輸?shù)南冗M(jìn)綜合應(yīng)用服務(wù),以及高安全性,高效率和高品質(zhì)的鐵路運(yùn)輸服務(wù)。</p><p>　　4.2數(shù)字鐵路的總體框架結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p>　　數(shù)字鐵路是由基礎(chǔ)層,數(shù)據(jù)層,服務(wù)層和應(yīng)用層組成的一個(gè)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。 </p><p>　?。?）基礎(chǔ)層：它是由高速鐵路寬帶通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施平臺(tái),硬件,軟件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全平臺(tái)組成,它滿足數(shù)

75、字鐵路的語音,數(shù)據(jù)和圖像傳輸?shù)囊?并為數(shù)字鐵路奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)國(guó)家信息高速公路的定義,網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)該是一個(gè)綜合的,數(shù)字化和智能化的寬帶,它有無時(shí)空方式限制的溝通和良好的通用性和可以擴(kuò)展的涉及到各種科學(xué)技術(shù)的操作系統(tǒng)。信息傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)是數(shù)字鐵路的主要支撐技術(shù)。</p><p>　　（2）數(shù)據(jù)層：鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)多維空間數(shù)據(jù)庫,主要包括二維和三維空間數(shù)據(jù),它構(gòu)建了一個(gè)面向特殊業(yè)務(wù)支撐的數(shù)據(jù)庫,空間模型數(shù)據(jù)庫和

76、商業(yè)模式的基礎(chǔ),它構(gòu)建一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的多維鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫,它集成了鐵路空間信息,和它致密信息化基礎(chǔ)鐵路平臺(tái)內(nèi)容,依托全國(guó)基本的地理數(shù)據(jù),基于統(tǒng)一空間坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)和5D數(shù)據(jù)（數(shù)字高程模型（DEM）,數(shù)字正射影像圖（DOM）,數(shù)字線劃圖形（DLG）,數(shù)字柵格地圖（DRG）和數(shù)字衡量圖像（DMI））,并且使用分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫技術(shù),從而為鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)資源的共享,有效開發(fā)和利用奠定基礎(chǔ)。該數(shù)據(jù)層融合和集成地管理全國(guó)鐵路的電子地圖,遙感影像,可測(cè)

77、量實(shí)景影像,視頻信息,圖片素材,各業(yè)務(wù)部門的公開特殊圖形及其他多源數(shù)據(jù),而且用空間信息聯(lián)系相關(guān)屬性,實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的及時(shí)交互,并形成包括數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象,數(shù)據(jù)采集和數(shù)據(jù)管理的統(tǒng)一平臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的系統(tǒng)。 </p><p>　?。?）服務(wù)層：隨著鐵路信息共享平臺(tái)和鐵路工程框架的支持,服務(wù)層提供二維空間數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù),三維數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用服務(wù),在線視頻應(yīng)用服務(wù),可測(cè)量實(shí)景影像服務(wù),特殊數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用服務(wù)和數(shù)據(jù)模型的應(yīng)用等服務(wù)等。由“縱向部門中強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)和

78、橫向部門中弱網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)”和“信息孤島”引起的難以共享信息資源的問題,可以通過運(yùn)用數(shù)字化鐵路工程和空間信息技術(shù),注重整合?鐵路信息資源的開發(fā)利用與現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,與數(shù)據(jù)融合和開發(fā)技術(shù)相結(jié)合,研究鐵路空間數(shù)據(jù)共享技術(shù)和方法等措施有效地消除,從而推動(dòng)鐵路信息共享平臺(tái)的加速建設(shè),為各類用戶提供統(tǒng)一豐富的鐵路空間信息服務(wù),為各級(jí)管理人員提供空間,網(wǎng)絡(luò),智能化和可視化的鐵路管理和服務(wù),滿足鐵路運(yùn)輸組織內(nèi)部的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理的要求,以及社會(huì)對(duì)鐵路的信息

79、和互動(dòng)服務(wù)的外部需求,實(shí)現(xiàn)從注重以“物質(zhì)”為本的服務(wù)到注重“人”為本的服務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)變。</p><p>　?。?）應(yīng)用層：它是主要基于運(yùn)輸組織,客貨營(yíng)銷和營(yíng)運(yùn)管理的業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。它可以增強(qiáng)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量和融合業(yè)務(wù)流程的數(shù)字化手段,實(shí)現(xiàn)交通組織的智能化,客貨營(yíng)銷的社會(huì)化及運(yùn)營(yíng)管理的現(xiàn)代化,服務(wù)鐵路范圍內(nèi)的各業(yè)務(wù)管理,并通過主要基于電子商務(wù)和現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)的鐵路應(yīng)用,為社會(huì)公眾提供鐵路客貨運(yùn)輸?shù)南冗M(jìn)綜合應(yīng)用服務(wù),而且增強(qiáng)了智能

80、鐵路交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的水平。這是為數(shù)字鐵路框架里的最終用戶提供應(yīng)用程序的外部表現(xiàn)形式。</p><p>　　4.3 數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系</p><p>　　建設(shè)“數(shù)字鐵路”的前提, 是建立完善的數(shù)字鐵路標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范體系, 數(shù)字鐵路標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系應(yīng)包括數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容(包括元數(shù)據(jù))標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、數(shù)據(jù)交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、SOA（面向服務(wù)架構(gòu)）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和信息共享服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</p><p>　?。?

81、）鐵路基礎(chǔ)空間數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</p><p>　　鐵路基礎(chǔ)空間數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是空間數(shù)據(jù)管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主要部分, 主要包括鐵路基礎(chǔ)空間信息、可共享的專業(yè)空間信息及元數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等。數(shù)字鐵路應(yīng)該在參考國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)上,同時(shí)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)國(guó)家元數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的擴(kuò)展和兼容。數(shù)字鐵路元數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建設(shè)主要參考的國(guó)際元數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)列表如下: ISO 19115元數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、ISO 19139元數(shù)據(jù)、XML Schema執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、ISO 15836

82、都柏林核心標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等。</p><p>　　（2）數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</p><p>　　目前鐵道部各業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)采用的空間數(shù)據(jù)為獨(dú)立購(gòu)買制作,不同的系統(tǒng)對(duì)空間數(shù)據(jù)的要求亦不同,另外各業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)實(shí)施時(shí)間也不盡相同,因此導(dǎo)致了各部門自有空間數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的參差不齊。在數(shù)字鐵路建設(shè)中,需要依據(jù)相應(yīng)的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和空間數(shù)據(jù)行業(yè)規(guī)范,同時(shí)采用方便易用的數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量檢查工具,對(duì)空間數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的控制,保證入庫的空間數(shù)據(jù)

83、的有效性和公用性。</p><p><b>　?。?）數(shù)據(jù)交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</b></p><p>　　數(shù)字鐵路的核心就在于共享,因此G IS空間數(shù)據(jù)交換格式的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化同樣是一個(gè)非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。數(shù)字鐵路應(yīng)該通過數(shù)據(jù)交換格式實(shí)現(xiàn)在數(shù)據(jù)提供者和數(shù)據(jù)使用者之間的平臺(tái)。因此,應(yīng)該能夠保證支持常用的數(shù)據(jù)格式,如DWG ,TIF ,DXF等；支持虛擬交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式,如E00 ,SHP等；支持

84、國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)交換格式,如VCT等。</p><p><b>　?。?）SOA 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</b></p><p>　　數(shù)字鐵路通過主要基于電子商務(wù)和現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)的鐵路應(yīng)用,為社會(huì)公眾提供鐵路客貨運(yùn)輸?shù)南冗M(jìn)綜合應(yīng)用服務(wù),并需要使用SOA來提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Web服務(wù),從而提供各種公共服務(wù)和接口。因此,在數(shù)字鐵路信息共享平臺(tái)的建設(shè)過程中還需要遵循一定的SOA標(biāo)準(zhǔn),包括WSDL （Web服務(wù)描

85、述語言協(xié)議）,UDDI（統(tǒng)一描述、發(fā)現(xiàn)和集成協(xié)議）和SOAP協(xié)議（簡(jiǎn)單對(duì)象訪問協(xié)議）等。</p><p>　?。?）信息共享服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</p><p>　　數(shù)字鐵路信息平臺(tái)提供的共享服務(wù)應(yīng)該能夠支持讀取和分配異構(gòu)系統(tǒng),從而達(dá)到系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)集成、功能共享的目的。為了達(dá)到此目的,數(shù)字鐵路信息平臺(tái)采用面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu),其中涉及了諸多的互操作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</p><p><b&g

86、t;　　5結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　本文清楚地表明數(shù)字鐵路的研究目標(biāo)和在中國(guó)建立數(shù)字鐵路所需要的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),并提出中國(guó)數(shù)字鐵路的總體框架和結(jié)構(gòu),以及數(shù)字鐵路信息標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系等。隨著鐵路的大規(guī)模發(fā)展,特別是中國(guó)的高速鐵路,鐵路建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)的未來任務(wù)十分繁重和復(fù)雜。促進(jìn)和提高鐵路信息化發(fā)展是十分明確和迫切需要的,并且數(shù)字鐵路的研究對(duì)中國(guó)鐵路信息化建設(shè)具有重要意義。 </p><p>

87、;<b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　[1]中國(guó)鐵道部：信息系統(tǒng)在鐵路建設(shè)中的可行性研究（2005）</p><p>　　[2] A.杰弗瑞.并行建設(shè)和項(xiàng)目管理的生命周期[J]建設(shè)工程與管理雜志,1997,123(4)</p><p>　　[3]F.佩納-莫拉，K.侯賽因，S. 烏達(dá)哈克，K.本杰明，開羅：并行工程</p&g