中英文外文翻譯---變電站系統(tǒng)過電壓防護技術

1、<p><b>　　英文文獻</b></p><p>　　Substation system over-voltage protection technology</p><p>　　Second substation equipment over-voltage protection on electronic information system for

2、 the protection of core equipment for the construction of a protected both pressure and other potential system, and through all levels of over-voltage surge protectors of the current step by step into the land of China,

3、Substation secondary safety equipment and reliable operation.</p><p>　　1 second over-voltage substation protection </p><p>　　In recent years, the substation communications, communications system

4、s, protection systems, background management module frequent over-voltage damage, the main reason for this is weak and its related systems products over-voltage protection level is weak, or no guard against over-voltage

5、Technical measures, the consequences for the safe operation of power grids bring about a greater negative impact. With integrated automation systems and automation systems such as communication systems in the su</p>

6、;<p>　　2 over-voltage protection design </p><p>　　IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) TC/81 mine technical committee will be divided into internal and external mine mine in two parts, the

7、external mine is lightning rod (or with lightning, lightning network), Yin Xiaxian and grounding system, Objects to be protected from direct lightning strikes, mine is to prevent internal lightning and other internal ove

8、r-voltage damage caused by invasive equipment. A comprehensive mine and over-voltage protection systems must be integrated use of </p><p>　　3 secondary system over-voltage substation protection </p>&

9、lt;p>　　3.1 points over-voltage electricity system protection </p><p>　　Substation installed in the communications dispatch automation systems are used AC power or a DC power supply equipment for the recti

10、fication of its links are generally larger capacity filter capacitance, the transient over-voltage shock absorption of a certain extent, the station Low-voltage transformer side go to feed between the screen using a shie

11、lded cable and equipment have a good grounding, the use of modern technology to analyze mine, we must increase the circuit's segregation measures, </p><p>　　Protective location: It is 1 EC1312 (LEMP prot

12、ection "in the region of lightning protection principles. Arrester installation should be in different locations at the junction of protected areas, this network, the first-class protection should be located in the

13、bus exchange. In Two on the bus with the installation of a B-class models of a three-phase power supply voltage surge protector. </p><p>　　Install Location: AC bus (cabinet). </p><p>　　3.1.2 sec

14、ond-class protection measures to deal with </p><p>　　For the more important feeder lines on the exchange of equipment, here for the DC charge screen, the installation of c-level three-phase power arrester. A

15、s DC charging screen is two-way exchange of electricity supply, so the screen in the DC charge with the installation of two models of c-level three-phase power supply over-voltage surge protector. Installation location s

16、hould choose the DC charge screen open exchange of air power </p><p>　　Commissioner Office. </p><p>　　3.2 integrated automation system over-voltage protection </p><p>　　Protective p

17、osition: Computer-based integrated automation system's ability to bear a very low voltage, several hundred volts of over-voltage is enough to damage the equipment, so must the high side arrester the residual pressure

18、 (thousands of volts) to further curb to meet equipment Insulation level of need, and because of the potential rise to power and the induction loop is also over-voltage line up on KV, to be used in the exchange of integr

19、ated automation system to the exchange on the c-leve</p><p>　　3.3 did not ask off power supplies (UPS) over-voltage protection </p><p>　　Protection here: because of the internal computer systems

20、, hubs, monitoring equipment, electric energy billing systems and so on through the UPS power supply protection, in order to protect the safety of these micro-electronics equipment, the UPS power supply device in front o

21、f the installation of a c-Surge Voltage protection. Optional models: The (UPS for single-phase power input) C-class single-phase power surge or over-voltage protection (UPS for the three-phase power input) of c-level thr

22、ee-</p><p>　　3.4 communication interface over-voltage protection </p><p>　　Communication Interface over-voltage protection compared with the grid supply system, this over-voltage circuit on the

23、degree of sensitivity is much higher, and these are over-voltage equipment in the circumstances it is very fragile. Equipment insulation tolerance level is very low. With the equipment connected to a signal line, data li

24、nes, measurement and control lines, and these are basically in line LPZOB region, but also through the LVZOA region, on the lines of sensors over-voltage relativ</p><p>　　3.4.1 remote computer interface devi

25、ces over-voltage protection </p><p>　　Protective position: As substation computer remote installations scattered distribution structure. From remote modules, intelligent telemetry module, intelligent remote

26、control module, intelligent remote-module. The modules are installed in different automated-ping, through the RS232 interface between the modules or field bus communication. These interfaces are in the indoor circuit, eq

27、uipment interface circuits shorter the distance, so there will be no more sensors to the over-voltage, but the </p><p>　　3.4.2 electric energy billing system signals over-voltage protection </p><p

28、>　　A protective position: a multi-functional electronic power substation table, energy acquisition, the electronic power meter to bear a very low voltage levels. As Meter and remote computer stations in the communicat

29、ions equipment used RS232 interfaces, the communication line is longer, and in LVZOB region, near the substation or by direct lightning strike at the substation, proximity to the high voltage sensors, In order to prevent

30、 damage to equipment. E-Meter in and around the RS232 port RS232 i</p><p>　　The location of protection: electronic power meter through the acquisition of information on the collector's MODEM (modem) from

31、 telephone lines to send data to a remote, since the introduction of telephone lines from the outside, the lines on the sensor to sensor lightning current relatively strong, easy to Modem interface equipment damage, it i

32、s necessary in the telephone line modem interface, the installation of an interface over-voltage surge protector. Location should choose to install telep</p><p>　　3.4.3 distance communication interface over-

33、voltage protection </p><p>　　Protective position: Since the basic use of unmanned substation. On the first circuit protection, measurement, control, regulation of signal through the optical and data communic

34、ations network or carrier to the distance (in tune, and stressed that the centralized control stations, etc.) to transmit data. If the carrier, the carrier and the computer automation of the signal devices connected rela

35、tively long lines, substations in the vicinity of a direct lightning strike or substations.Should be a</p><p>　　Secondary system over-voltage substation protection issues in recent years by a new task, the a

36、bove is only related to the scene of the unit into the actual situation on the Protection of the preliminary measures, it will be in continuing to draw on practical experience of running a summary analysis and continuous

37、 improvement, Hope that the new substation in the future or the old substation automation of integrated, strengthen the secondary over-voltage protection system of planning and design, </p><p>　　變電站系統(tǒng)過電壓防護技術

38、</p><p>　　變電站的過電壓保護是以電子信息系統(tǒng)為保護核心，為被保護設備構建一個均壓等電位系統(tǒng)，并通過各級過電壓浪涌保護器逐級把電流泄放入大地，使變電站設備安全和可靠地運行。</p><p>　　1 變電站過電壓防護</p><p>　　近年來，變電站的通信、通信系統(tǒng)、繼電保護系統(tǒng)、后臺管理模塊經(jīng)常發(fā)生過電壓損毀事件，究其原因主要是其相關系統(tǒng)和弱電產(chǎn)品過電壓

39、防護水平較弱，甚至根本沒有過電壓防范技術措施，其后果對電網(wǎng)的安全運行帶來了較大負面影響。隨著綜合自動化系統(tǒng)和通信自動化系統(tǒng)等二次弱電系統(tǒng)在變電站的廣泛應用，這類電子系統(tǒng)(設備)元器件的集成度愈來愈高，信息存儲量愈來愈大，速度和精度不斷提高，而工作電壓只有幾伏，信息電流僅為微安級，因而對外界干擾極其敏感，特別對雷電等電磁脈沖和過電壓的耐受能力很低。當雷電等過電壓和伴隨的電磁場達到某一閥值時，輕則引起系統(tǒng)失靈，重則導致設備或其元器件永久性損

40、壞。盡管雷電直擊電子系統(tǒng)(設備)的可能性不大，但是雷擊附近大地、建筑物、交流供電線路和空中雷云放電時直接形成的，或者由于靜電感應及電磁感應形成的沖擊過電壓，都有可能通過與之相連的電力線路、信號線路或接地系統(tǒng)，通過各種接口，以傳導、耦合、輻射等形式，侵入電子系統(tǒng)(設備)并釀成嚴重的干擾或事故。因此，加強和改進電子系統(tǒng)(設備)的防護，盡量減小其遭受雷電等沖擊干擾損害造成的直接損失和間接損失，已成為當今亟待解決的問題。</p>

41、<p><b>　　2 過電壓保護設計</b></p><p>　　IEC(國際電工委員會)TC／81技術委員會將防雷分為外部防雷和內(nèi)部防雷兩個部分，外部防雷是指避雷針(或避雷帶、避雷網(wǎng))、引下線和接地系統(tǒng)，是被保護物體免受直接雷擊；內(nèi)部防雷則是防止雷電和其他內(nèi)部過電壓侵入設備造成的毀壞。一個完善的防雷及過電壓保護系統(tǒng)必須綜合運用泄流(分流)、均壓(等電位)、屏蔽(隔離)、接地、限

42、壓(箝位)保護等各項技術，按照外部防雷和內(nèi)部防雷的原則，根據(jù)防護對象的特點，靈活應用，采取具體措施，構成一個完整的防護體系。變電站內(nèi)的過電壓形式主要有：雷電過電壓、工頻過電壓及諧振過電壓、操作過電壓等，這些過電壓以傳導或電磁感應的方式在線路及設備上形成危險的過電壓，特別是雷電過電壓，雷擊變電站時，會在低壓供電系統(tǒng)及弱電系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生很強的感應過電壓，同時使變電站的地電位升高(例如：變電站的接地電阻為1 Q，雷電流為10 kA，則地電位為10

43、kV)，因地電位升高造成對線路及設備的反擊而損壞線路及設備的事件時有發(fā)生，因此，盡管變電站的外部防雷系統(tǒng)(避雷針．引下線及接地裝置)符合國家及部頒標準的要求，且其綜合自動化和通信自動化等二次弱電系統(tǒng)也采取了諸如屏蔽、接地、隔離、濾波等措施，但卻</p><p>　　3 變電站系統(tǒng)過電壓防護</p><p>　　3．1 站用電系統(tǒng)過電壓防護</p><p>　　安裝在

44、變電站內(nèi)的通信調(diào)度自動化系統(tǒng)大多采用交流電源或直流電源為其設備供電，在其整流環(huán)節(jié)，一般有較大容量的濾波電容，對瞬態(tài)過電壓沖擊有一定的吸收作用，站用變壓器低壓側到站用饋電屏之間采用的是屏蔽電纜且設備都有良好的接地，運用現(xiàn)代防雷技術來分析，必須增加回路的分流措施，因為其工作接地、保護接地都與其它電氣設備采用同一接地裝置，而且設備都處于LPZOB區(qū)，電磁脈沖強度相對較強，在站用變低壓側雖然有防止線路侵人波的避雷器，但殘壓高，因此在變電站遭受雷

45、擊時，通過線路耦合和地電位升高而造成的反擊過電壓依然存在，而且高壓側的殘壓高達幾千伏，因此必須對這些調(diào)度自動化設備的供電回路進行過電壓保護。根據(jù)雷電防護區(qū)域的劃分原則，變電站內(nèi)二次設備供電系統(tǒng)感應雷電過電壓的防護可以按兩級(B、C級)來進行分流保護。B級防雷一般采用具有較大通流容量的防雷裝置，可以將較大的雷電流泄散人地，從而達到限流的目的，同時將過電壓減小到一定的程度，c級防雷采用具有較低殘壓的防雷裝置，可以將回路中剩余的雷電流泄散人地

46、，達到限制過電壓的目的，使過電壓減小到設備能耐受的水平。電源系統(tǒng)的防護主要是抑制雷電及操作在電源回路上產(chǎn)生的浪涌和</p><p>　　3．1．1 第一級防護處理措施</p><p>　　防護位置：據(jù)1EC1312(雷電電磁脈沖的防護》中的雷電保護區(qū)域的劃分原則。避雷器的安裝位置應在不同保護區(qū)的交界處，對于此網(wǎng)絡即第一級防護應設在交流母線處。在兩根母線上各加裝一個同型號的B級三相電源浪涌過

47、電壓保護器。</p><p>　　安裝位置：交流母線(機柜內(nèi))。</p><p>　　3．1．2 第二級防護處理措施</p><p>　　對于較為重要的交流饋線上的設備，此處為直流充電屏，加裝c級三相電源避雷器。由于直流充電屏是兩路交流供電，所以在直流充電屏處加裝兩個同型號的c級三相電源浪涌過電壓保護器。安裝位置宜選擇在直流充電屏交流電源空氣開關處。</p&g

48、t;<p>　　3．2 綜合自動化系統(tǒng)過電壓防護</p><p>　　防護位置：微機型綜合自動化系統(tǒng)承受過電壓的能力極低，幾百伏的過電壓就足以將設備損壞，因此必須對高壓側避雷器的殘壓(幾千伏)進行進一步的抑制，以滿足設備絕緣水平的需要，同時由于地電位升高而感應到電源回路零線的過電壓也高達上千伏，因此必須在采用交流綜合自動化系統(tǒng)的交流回路上加裝c級單相浪涌過電壓保護器。安裝位置宜選擇在綜合自動化屏交流

49、電源空氣開關處。</p><p>　　3．3 不間斷電源設備(UPS )過電壓防護</p><p>　　防護位置：由于內(nèi)部計算機系統(tǒng)、集線器、監(jiān)控設備、電能量計費系統(tǒng)等均經(jīng)由UPS 供電保護，為了保障以上微電子設備的安全，故在UPS 電源裝置前端加裝c級浪涌過電壓保護器。選用型號：選用(UPS為單相電源輸入時)C級單相電源浪涌過電壓保護器或(UPS 為三相電源輸入時)的c級三相電源浪涌過電

50、壓保護器。安裝位置宜選擇在UPS 電源進線前端。</p><p>　　3．4 通信接口過電壓防護</p><p>　　通信接口過電壓防護同電網(wǎng)供電系統(tǒng)相比，此回路對過電壓的敏感程度要高得多，且這些設備在有過電壓的情況下顯得非常脆弱。設備的絕緣耐受水平也相當?shù)?。與這些設備相連的有信號線、數(shù)據(jù)線、測量和控制線路，并且這些線路基本上是處于LPZOB區(qū)域，也有穿過LVZOA區(qū)域的，線路上的感應過電

51、壓相對較強，根據(jù)IEC的測試，當電磁場強度增大到0．07GS時，微型計算機設備將產(chǎn)生誤動，丟失數(shù)據(jù)。而且這些回路運行的安全與否直接關系到一次系統(tǒng)設備的安全，因此須對重要回路的接口進行過電壓防護。</p><p>　　3．4．1 微機遠動設備接口過電壓防護</p><p>　　防護位置：由于變電站微機遠動裝置采用分布分散式結構。由遙信模塊、智能遙測模塊、智能遙控模塊、智能遙調(diào)模塊組成。各單元

52、模塊都裝設在不同的自動化屏內(nèi)，模塊之間通過RS232接口或現(xiàn)場總線進行通信。這些接口線路都處在室內(nèi)，設備接口線路的距離較短，因此不會感應到較強的過電壓，但是各自動化設備與其它二次設備(測量單元、計算機等)有電氣連接，當其它二次設備感應到很強的感應過電壓時，將會反擊到這些自動化設備的通信接口上，從而使設備接口電路損壞，因此有必要在這些設備的接口上加裝RS232的浪涌過電壓保護器。安裝位置宜選擇在微機遠動裝置通信線路接口處。</p&g

53、t;<p>　　3．4．2 電能量計費系統(tǒng)信號過電壓保護</p><p>　　防護位置一：變電站采用多功能電子電能表進行電能量采集，電子電能表承受過電壓的水平極低。由于電能表與站內(nèi)微機遠動設備的通信采用RS232的接口，其通信線路較長，又處在LVZOB區(qū)域，在變電站附近或變電站遭受直接雷擊時，將感應出較強的感應過電壓，為了防止設備的損壞。在靠近電子電能表的RS232端口加裝RS232的浪涌過電壓保護

54、器。安裝位置宜選擇在靠近電子電能表的RS232端口處。</p><p>　　防護位置二：電子電能表采集的信息通過集中采集器的MODEM(調(diào)制解調(diào)器)由電話線將數(shù)據(jù)傳送到遠端，由于電話線路從室外引入，線路上感應到的感應雷電流相對較強，容易將調(diào)制解調(diào)器設備的接口損壞，因此必須在調(diào)制解調(diào)器的電話線路接口處加裝一個接口浪涌過電壓保護器。安裝位置宜選擇在內(nèi)線電話出線端和外線電話的人線端。</p><p&

55、gt;　　3．4．3 遠方通信接口過電壓保護</p><p>　　防護位置：由于變電站基本采用無人值守。對一次回路的各種保護、測量、控制、調(diào)節(jié)信號通過光纖、數(shù)據(jù)通信網(wǎng)絡或載波向遠方(省調(diào)、地調(diào)、集控站等)傳送數(shù)據(jù)。如果采用載波，由于載波機與微機自動化裝置的信號連接線路相對較長，在變電站附近或變電站遭受直接雷擊時，處在LPZOB區(qū)的通信線路將感</p><p>　　應出較強的感應過電壓，因此

56、必須在靠近微機自動化裝置的信號接I：I端加裝信號避雷器，同時處在LPZOB區(qū)并延伸到LPZOA區(qū)的通信線路(DDN、X．25)非常容易感應上雷電過電壓，也必須加裝浪涌過電壓保護器。安裝位置宜選擇在遠動裝置通信線路接口處。</p><p>　　變電站系統(tǒng)過電壓防護問題是近年來提出的一個新課題，以上僅是結合本單位相關現(xiàn)場實際情況對防護技術措施的初步探討，還需在不斷吸取實際運行經(jīng)驗進行總結分析和不斷完善，希望在今后新建