外文翻譯---寧波服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力分析(節(jié)選)

1、<p><b>　　外文翻譯 </b></p><p><b>　　原文(節(jié)選) </b></p><p>　　Analysi s of the Competi ti veness of the Ningbo Garment Industry</p><p>　　Material Source: June 200

2、5 Journal of Kristianstad University College</p><p>　　Author: Leo Wang Peter Wang Roger Wang</p><p>　　1.1 Overview of the Ningbo Garment Industry </p><p>　　Ningbo is located on the

3、east coast of China, in the south of the Yangtze Delta. It is an important industrial base in the Zhejiang Province and has become one of the largest port cities in China. The garment sector is an important part of Ningb

4、o’s manufacturing industry, giving employment to more than 200,000 people. Its importance for social and economic cohesion has increased because it is dominated by a great number of enterprises. More than 2,000 firms are

5、 engaged in this industry, of which</p><p>　　As the oldest sector in the history of Ningbo industrial development, the garment industry has undergone remarkable expansion and modernization efforts through it

6、s privatization and marketization during the last 1990s. It has increased productivity through the cluster and production chain, re-oriented production from low-quality to high-quality products and made abundant establis

7、hed brands. Now in Ningbo, 11 firms are of China’s 100 best garment enterprises. The Ningbo garment industry has nurtu</p><p>　　Ningbo is also known as a foreign trading port with a long history. Ningbo crea

8、ted the glory of “the silk road on sea” in ancient times and it was the birthplace of the garment industry in modern China. Ningbo tailors made the first Chinese tunic suit and the first Western-style suit, managed the f

9、irst Western-style suit store, and wrote the first book on making Western suits in China. What is more, Ningbonese in China founded the first garment school. The above five “first” in China fully prove</p><p&g

10、t;　　Since 1978 Ningbo has boasted rapid development of export trade, especially the garment industry. The degree of openness of the Ningbo garment industry is very high. The proportion of export volume to total sale is h

11、igh, 64.9% in 2000 and 70% in 2003. The top destinations are Japan, the US, the EU and Korean. Ningbo has been an important exporter of garment in China and also has been an important producer of men’s clothing in the wo

12、rld. Ningbo garment enterprises have introduced the most advance</p><p>　　The Ningbo Textile and garment is one of six major industries in the area, not only directly promote the development of Ningbo econom

13、y and society, but also boost the fashion atmosphere and globalization. However, with the transformation of the international garment industry and trade situation, with increasing degrees of garment trade liberalization

14、on the international market, the Ningbo garment industry is faced with a number of challenges. How can the industry keep the predominant position i</p><p>　　1.2 Factor Conditions </p><p>　　The f

15、actors conditions are composed of the two parts: basic factors and advanced factors. The basic factors include geographic conditions and natural resources, infrastructure and energy supply, basic labor force resources an

16、d local financial market. Meanwhile, the advanced factors consist of technical equipments, talents, education, innovation activities, capital operation and the like. </p><p>　　A. Basic Factors </p>&l

17、t;p>　　Geographic Condition and Natural Resources </p><p>　　Ningbo city is located in the eastern part of the Zhejiang province along the East China Sea, with the Zhoushan Archipelago as its natural shelte

18、r in the east, borderingon the Hangzhou Bay in the north, neighboring on the city of Shaoxing in the west,facing Sanmen Bay in the south, and adjacent to the country of Taizhou. The YaojianRiver and the Fenghuajian River

19、 converge downtown and flow into the East China Sea through the Yongjian River. </p><p>　　Ningbo Port ranks as the second among the continent ports in China and is one of the largest ports with an annual car

20、go throughput of more than one hundred million tons. The shallowest section of the entry channel is more than 18.2 meters deep, enough for vessels of less than 250,000 tonnages to entry freely. Huge ships of 250,000 to 3

21、0,000 tonnages can also navigate at tide. It is well situated at the middle of the coastline of Mainland China, just at the T-shaped joining point of north-south s</p><p>　　Ningbo is located in the fast deve

22、loping economic zone of the Yangtze River Delta. The complementarities and interaction between Jianshu province, Zhejiang province and Shanghai and the prosperity of Shanghai Metropolis will significantly stimulate the d

23、evelopment of Ningbo’s economy. </p><p>　　Infrastructure and Energy Supply</p><p>　　a) Transportation system. There is a high-developed transportation network of highway, railway, aviation and w

24、aterway. With the completion of cross-sea and cross-gulf bridges, Ningbo will be soon integrated into the “two-hour” economic circle of Shanghai. </p><p>　　b) The Construction of Informationalization. Ningbo

25、 has established the Internet Exchange Center and Ningbo Branch of Digital Certification (CA). The scale of network, the level of technology and the ability of service keep ahead in the nation. The local network has a co

26、mprehensive ability to provide with fixed and mobile audio communication services, datum services, computer multi-media services and image communication services. </p><p>　　c) Electricity Supply. The severe

27、shortage of electricity supply, which results in the halt of operation, is a short-term problem that will be solved by the completion of massive electricity projects.</p><p>　　Basic Labor Force Resources <

28、;/p><p>　　Ningbo is abundant in high-quality basic labor force resources and job seekers coming from other poverty-striken regions. So it is very easy for the local garment firms to employ high quality but chea

29、p labor force resources. Compared with some eastern European countries, the labor cost in Ningbo is kept lower. Nevertheless, with the rise of living costs of the inhabitants, the firms will be confronted with an increas

30、e of labor force costs. Furthermore, they are facing more and more pressure from</p><p>　　Talents and Education </p><p>　　With regards to talents and education, Ningbo has been investing huge am

31、ounts in preparing for construction of the Ningbo Vocational College of Textile Technology, the Ningbo Vocational College of Apparel Technology and the Ningbo Garment School. By now, the courses related to the textile an

32、d clothing industry are taught at more than 30 colleges and schools in the city. In the past five years, Ningbo has nurtured more than 6,000 students However, the undergraduates only accounts for 1.5% of them</p>

33、<p>　　1.3 Team of designers and Capital Operation </p><p>　　The Apparel Design Headquarter of Firs Ltd. Co.: owning a large group of domestic well-known designers and foreign designers: The Design Cente

34、r of Youngor Ltd. Co.: being led by the deputy dean from the Garment College of Shanghai Donghua University; The Design Center of Romon Ltd. Co.: cooperating with famous companies in South Korea, owning over 300 professi

35、onal designers: The Vocational Clothing Design Center of China: being founded with the cooperation between Peiluochen Group and ManQi Co. </p><p>　　Capital Operation </p><p>　　The majority of th

36、e garment firms in Ningbo are private-operated and almost all the original state-owned enterprises experienced reconstruction and reform. They now enjoy a flexible mechanism of management. The forms of company organizati

37、on have been transforming gradually from private-owned, household system to the ones of joint venture, cooperation and joint stock operation. A great deal of high-organized private-operated firms under the cooperation sy

38、stem established their presence. Meanwhile</p><p>　　A part of the firms entered the capital market by being listed in the stock market and broadened their financing channels. Some key companies strengthen th

39、emselves by means of capital management, such as shareholding controlling and merging. Thus, the resources are converging the superior companies. In contrast, the phenomenon that a relatively great amount of firms still

40、have an old-fashion management style and lack perfect instruments of employing and retaining talents, along with the imperfec</p><p>　　1.4 The Industry Strategy, Structure and Rivalry </p><p>　　

41、Structure </p><p>　　Ningbo garment industry has formed a cluster. The “corridor” of the L-shape clothing industry and Xiangshan knitting manufacturers are recognized as remarkable features of cluster. Nevert

42、heless, the level of clustering is still low and it exists homogeneous phenomenon. The degree of integration between the firms is not strong. The private-operated firms develop fast. They have the characteristics of flex

43、ible management mechanism. After several years’ fierce competition in the market, some of the</p><p>　　The Ningbo garment industry has a dual structure. That is a co-existence of large enterprises and SMEs.

44、Along with a large number of the family factories, the majority of enterprises are SMEs. This structure is adaptable to the characteristics of the garment industry. The SMEs that have flexible mechanism and distinguishin

45、g specialty can make quick response to the changes of the external environment. Meanwhile, the SMEs can attain external scale economy by developing with all kinds of social rel</p><p><b>　　Strategy <

46、;/b></p><p>　　With the development of the Ningbo garment industry, a group of firms have grown up into “key” firms, which has an advantage of internal scale economy and play leading roles in the industry.

47、 The understanding of “l(fā)arge enterprise” concept is gradually changing from simple expansion, diversified economy to industry cooperation. The large enterprises ought to integrate with a great number of SMEs in the indus

48、try horizontally and vertically and then turn them into the large enterprises’ supplementa</p><p>　　It is very obvious in Ningbo that around a large garment enterprise, as a center of the area, there are num

49、erous small factories depending on and serving the large one. For instance, by drawing a circle with a center of the Dongfang Clothing Factory and radius of 5km, there are 30 embroidery mills, 20 printing and dyeing plan

50、ts and supplementary material producers and 10 water-washing mills in this circle. These small plants, which attach themselves to and provide the garment factory with extend</p><p><b>　　Rivalry </b&

51、gt;</p><p>　　The Ningbo garment industry is confronted with two fierce competitions in the domestic and international markets. In the domestic market, there are many strong domestic rivalries for the Ningbo

52、garment industry, such as Wenzhou’s men’s wear, Dongguan’s women’ s wear, Foshan’s knitting products and so on. Taking Wenzhou garment industry as an example, there are over 2000 clothing enterprises and 120,000 employee

53、s work in the industry. Meanwhile, there are more than 200 firms that produce 50,000 w</p><p><b>　　譯文 </b></p><p>　　寧波服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力分析(節(jié)選)</p><p>　　資料來源:《克里斯蒂安斯塔德大學院學報》， 2005 年

54、 6 月</p><p>　　作者:Leo Wang Peter Wang Roger Wang</p><p>　　1.1 概述寧波服裝產(chǎn)業(yè) </p><p>　　波位于中國東部沿海，在長江三角洲南翼。這是浙江省一個重要的工業(yè)基地，已成為中國最大的港口城市之一。制衣業(yè)是寧波制造業(yè)的重要組成部分，提供就業(yè)超過 20 萬人。 因為寧波服裝業(yè)充斥著大量的企業(yè)，它對于經(jīng)濟

55、和社會凝聚力的重要性增加了 。 2000 多個公司從事這一行業(yè)，其中的 439 個公司是中型和大型企業(yè)，擁有 117000 名員工。2003 年，所有的寧波服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)了 14億套西服，約占全國服裝業(yè)的總生產(chǎn)能力 12%，并有 228 億元人民幣 (約合 27.6億美元) 的營業(yè)額。作為寧波工業(yè)發(fā)展歷史中最古老的行業(yè)，服裝業(yè)在20 世紀 90 年代期間，通過私有化和市場化，使其急劇擴張， 并且加快了其現(xiàn)代化建設的進程。通過集群和生產(chǎn)鏈的

56、生產(chǎn)力，重新定位從低品質到高品質的產(chǎn)品的過程和建立大量的知名品牌，寧波服裝業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力得到提升。 現(xiàn)在， 在寧波，11 家企業(yè)是中國百強服裝企業(yè)寧波服裝行業(yè)已經(jīng)在男裝和童裝方面創(chuàng)建出一系列的知名品牌，如 Firs(杉杉)， Youngor(雅戈爾)， Romon(羅蒙)， Yixiu(一休) 等， 其中12 個是國家知名品牌。在內(nèi)陸，他們在各自的細分市場上占</p><p>　　寧波還以歷史悠久的外貿(mào)港口而聞名。在

57、古代，寧波享有“海上絲綢之路”之稱，它是現(xiàn)代中國服裝工業(yè)的發(fā)祥地。在中國，寧波裁縫制造出第一套中山裝和西式套裝，經(jīng)營第一個西式服裝店，并撰寫制作西裝的第一本書。更重要的是，寧波人創(chuàng)辦了中國第一所服裝學校。上述五個“第一” 充分證明寧波在中國服裝發(fā)展史上的區(qū)位作用。 </p><p>　　自 1978 年以來，寧波一直自詡出口貿(mào)易的快速發(fā)展，特別是服裝行業(yè)。寧波服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)的開放程度非常高。出口總額在銷售總額中占有比例

58、高，在 2000年和 2003 年分別達到了 64.9%和 70%。最多的進口國是日本，美國，歐盟和韓國。寧波一直是中國服裝的重要出口地，也一直是世界上男裝的重要生產(chǎn)地區(qū)。寧波服裝企業(yè)引進了最先進的生產(chǎn)設備來提高生產(chǎn)效率和質量。服裝業(yè)對寧波當?shù)氐?GDP 有著巨大的貢獻，寧波 4%的人口參與這個勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)。寧波服裝行業(yè)利潤已經(jīng)達到 12 億兩千四百萬元人民幣 (約 1 億四千八百四十萬美元)。與上海，杭州和鄰近城市相比，產(chǎn)值，銷售，

59、利潤和利潤率，寧波服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)是最高的。</p><p>　　寧波服裝紡織業(yè)是該地區(qū)的六個主要行業(yè)之一，不僅直接促進寧波經(jīng)濟和社會的發(fā)展，而且還能提升時尚氛圍和促進全球化。然而，隨著國際服裝工業(yè)和貿(mào)易形勢的轉變和國際市場上的服裝貿(mào)易自由化的程度加深，寧波服裝行業(yè)正面臨著一系列的挑戰(zhàn)。如何做? 既能保持在寧波服裝業(yè)中國大陸市場的地位，又能開放更多的國外市場。因此，在未來，寧波必須提高服裝業(yè)的競爭力，適應新的競爭法規(guī)和瞬

60、息萬變的商業(yè)環(huán)境，并增強在國內(nèi)和國際上的競爭力。 </p><p>　　1.2 條件因素 條件的因素是由兩個部分組成: 基本因素和先進因素。 基本因素包括地理條件和自然資源，基礎設施和能源供應，基本勞動力資源和當?shù)氐慕鹑谑袌?。與此同時，先進的因素，包括技術設備，人才，教育，創(chuàng)新活動，資本運作等等。 </p><p><b>　　基本因素 </b></p>

61、<p>　　地理條件和自然資源 寧波市位于浙江省東部，瀕臨東海，東有舟山群島為天然屏障，北瀕杭州灣，西接紹興市，南臨三門灣，毗鄰臺州。余姚江、奉化江在市區(qū)“三江口”匯合成甬江，流向東海。 </p><p>　　寧波港在中國大陸港口排名第二，年均貨物吞吐量超過億噸。 進港航道水深在 18.2 米以上， 25 萬噸至 30 萬噸船舶可侯潮進港。 寧波港地處中國大陸海岸線中部， 南北在有“黃金水道”之稱的長

62、江“T” 形結構的交匯點上。其服務范圍直接覆蓋整個華東地區(qū)及經(jīng)濟發(fā)達的長江流域并且覆蓋東南亞和整個環(huán)太平洋地區(qū)。 因為寧波港有著悠久的外貿(mào)歷史。</p><p>　　寧波地處經(jīng)濟發(fā)展快速的長三角經(jīng)濟開發(fā)區(qū)。與江蘇省，浙江省其他地區(qū)和上海互補。上海大都市的繁榮，將大大刺激寧波的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。 基礎設施和能源供應 </p><p>　　a) 交通運輸系統(tǒng)。擁有高度發(fā)達的公路，鐵路，航空和水路交通網(wǎng)

63、絡。隨著跨海灣大橋的建成， 寧波將很快納入上?！皟尚r”經(jīng)濟圈。</p><p>　　b) 信息化建設。寧波建立了 網(wǎng)絡交流中心和寧波(CA) 數(shù)字證書支部。網(wǎng)絡規(guī)模， 技術水平和服務能力在全國處于領先地位。當?shù)氐木W(wǎng)絡具有綜合能力提供固定和移動語音通信服務，數(shù)據(jù)服務，計算機多媒體服務和圖像通信服務。 </p><p>　　c) 電力供應。電力供應嚴重短缺，導致工廠停止運作，是一個短期的問題

64、，將通過建成大規(guī)模電力工程來解決。基本勞動力資源 寧波擁有豐富的高素質勞動力資源和來自其他貧困地區(qū)的求職者。因此，當?shù)胤b企業(yè)可以輕易地聘請到高素質，廉價的勞動力。 與一些東歐國家相比，寧波勞動力成本更加低廉。然而，隨著生活水平提高， 居民消費水平上升，這些公司將面臨勞動力成本增加這一問題。此外，他們正面臨著來自諸如巴基斯坦和印度等一些發(fā)展中國家的壓力。在一些發(fā)展中國家，平均每小時工資標準如下: 突尼斯: 1.77 美元，摩洛哥: 1.

65、89 美元，阿爾巴尼亞: 1.01 美元，波蘭:2.9 美元和土耳其: 2.13 美元，而亞洲國家的工資水平更低(印度尼西亞: 0.7美元，中國: 0.6 美元， 越南:0.6 美元，泰國: 0.5 美元，印度: 0.2 美元，巴基斯坦: 0.2 美元)。與年工資有 19192 美元的洛杉磯(洛杉磯時裝業(yè) 2003 年) 相比， 寧 波 平均年工資為 1653 美元 (0.62 美元/小時，接近中國工資的平均水平)，但比中國西部和南亞平

66、均水平工資高。 這些數(shù)字說明，寧波服裝行業(yè)將面臨的挑</p><p><b>　　人才與教育 </b></p><p>　　隨著對人才和教育方面逐步重視，寧波已投資巨額資金籌建寧波紡織職業(yè)技術學院, 寧波服裝職業(yè)技術學院和寧波服裝學校。截至目前，超過 30 個學院和城市的學校設有有關紡織和制衣業(yè)的課程。 在過去的五年里，寧波市已培育超過 6000 名學生， 但大學生只

67、占 1.5%。 這些學院和學校缺乏能力來培養(yǎng)高層次， 高素質的專業(yè)技術人才。 與此同時，寧波服裝行業(yè)擁有深厚的文化底蘊和氛圍， 已培養(yǎng)了 一大批出色的服裝行業(yè)方面的技術人才。 現(xiàn)在政府十分重視繼承和發(fā)揚優(yōu)秀的服裝傳統(tǒng)文化。然而，與相鄰城市相比，如上海，杭州，蘇州，寧波存在著劣勢，在一定程度上，特別是在名利方面不如以上城市。這些因素導致本地人才和大量來自外地的優(yōu)秀人才不愿意在寧波工作。在寧波，眾多的中小企業(yè)是以私人擁有和家庭模式來經(jīng)營，缺

68、乏吸引和留住人才的手段。 截至目前，寧波只有 40 個高級服裝技師，只占所有裁縫師的 0.8%。缺乏高級人才這種現(xiàn)象，如缺乏設計師和服裝行業(yè)高級管理人員， 阻礙了寧波服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)的進一步發(fā)展。 </p><p>　　1.3 設計師團隊與資本運營 </p><p>　　杉杉服裝設計有限公司總部: 擁有一批國內(nèi)知名的設計師和國外設計師;雅戈爾公司設計中心: 即由上海東華大學服裝學院副院長率領的團隊

69、; 羅蒙有限公司設計中心: 與韓國著名公司合作， 擁有超過 300 個的專業(yè)設計師團隊;中國職業(yè)服裝設計中心: 由培羅成團隊和來自 美國的 ManQi 有限公司合作成立。 </p><p><b>　　資本運營 </b></p><p>　　在寧波，服裝企業(yè)大多數(shù)是私人經(jīng)營的，幾乎所有的原國有企業(yè)經(jīng)歷了重建和改革。 他們現(xiàn)在享有靈活的管理機制。公司的組織形式已經(jīng)改變，

70、 運營模式逐步從民營， 戶籍制度向合資，合作，股份制方面轉變。出現(xiàn)大量的私營企業(yè)通過合作方式來經(jīng)營這種現(xiàn)象。與此同時，管理模式也逐步從家庭模式向更加現(xiàn)代化和人性化轉變。這些公司重視聘請高級管理人才。以及對工程師，生產(chǎn)經(jīng)理，金融家和銷售經(jīng)理組成的團隊的出現(xiàn)非常重視。一部份的公司進入資本市場通過證券市場上市和拓寬融資渠道。一些大企公司通過資金經(jīng)營加強自身建設，如股權控制和合并。從而，應付辦法是合并優(yōu)秀企業(yè)。 與此相反，相當多的公司仍舊用落后

71、的管理方式和缺少完善的人事制度來聘用和留住人才，連同社會信用體系不完善，融資和利用民間資金不足等現(xiàn)象， 阻礙寧波服裝企業(yè)的進一步發(fā)展。 </p><p>　　1.4 產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，結構與競爭 結構 寧波服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)已形成集群。上海服裝行業(yè)的“走廊”和象山針織服裝行業(yè)生產(chǎn)廠家是公認的顯著集群。然而，集群水平仍然偏低， 存在同質的現(xiàn)象。企業(yè)之間的一體化程度不強。私人企業(yè)快速發(fā)展。他們有靈活的管理機制。經(jīng)過數(shù)年激烈的市場競

72、爭，有的企業(yè)已經(jīng)成長為在同行業(yè)擁有較強競爭力的大企業(yè)。然而，一些私營企業(yè)仍舊用守舊的家族管理方式而限制他們進一步發(fā)展。 </p><p>　　寧波服裝行業(yè)具有雙重結構。這是一個大型企業(yè)和中小企業(yè)的共存的體系。連同大量家庭工廠一起，大部分企業(yè)是中小型企業(yè)。這種結構適應于服裝行業(yè)的特點。中小型企業(yè)有靈活的機制和鑒別專業(yè)可以快速響應外部環(huán)境的變化。與此同時，通過各種社會關系，分歧與合作，中小型企業(yè)可以實現(xiàn)外部規(guī)模經(jīng)濟的

73、發(fā)展。</p><p><b>　　戰(zhàn)略</b></p><p>　　隨著寧波服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，一批企業(yè)已成長為“關鍵”公司，這些公司擁有內(nèi)部規(guī)模經(jīng)濟的優(yōu)勢，在行業(yè)中發(fā)揮主導作用。實施“大企業(yè)” 概念的理念正在逐步轉變，從簡單的擴張，多元化經(jīng)濟向企業(yè)合作轉變。大企業(yè)應從橫向和縱向結合大量同行業(yè)的中小企業(yè)， 然后把它們變成大企業(yè)的補充和加工工廠。通過發(fā)展核心戰(zhàn)略的性能，伴

74、隨著規(guī)?；蜆藴驶a(chǎn)。在寧波，有很多國內(nèi)知名服裝品牌，如杉杉，雅戈爾，羅蒙， 一休，太平鳥，培羅成，巨鷹，布利杰，威盛，愛伊美，唐獅等等。它們中的一些公司開始在國際市場上嶄露頭角。這體現(xiàn)了 寧波品牌營銷優(yōu)勢。所以，寧波服裝行業(yè)將通過公司品牌推動自身的整個品牌優(yōu)勢。這是非常明顯的。 </p><p>　　在寧波，一大型服裝企業(yè)，作為區(qū)域的中心，有眾多的小型工廠依賴和服務于大型服裝企業(yè)。例如，通過在東方服裝廠中心繪

75、制 5 公里為半徑的圓圈， 在這個圈子里有 30 家繡花廠，20 家印染工廠和輔助材料生產(chǎn)商和 10 家水洗廠。這些小廠，依附于并提供延伸服務給服裝廠，可以協(xié)助服裝廠更好地滿足客戶的需求并提高服裝廠的競爭力。 這表明， 在寧波，一個互動的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群已經(jīng)基本形成。然而，在寧波，服裝行業(yè)存在同質化現(xiàn)象。寧波服裝的主要品種是男裝，特別是西服和襯衫。而企業(yè)之間的戰(zhàn)略的差異并不明顯，這就會引起價格競爭。 </p><p>&

76、lt;b>　　對抗 </b></p><p>　　寧波服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)正面臨著來自國內(nèi)和國際兩個市場的激烈競爭。在國內(nèi)市場，寧波服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)有許多強有力的競爭對手，如溫州的男裝，東莞的女裝，佛山市的針織產(chǎn)品等。 以溫州服裝業(yè)為例，有 2000 多家服裝企業(yè)和 12 萬名員工在服裝業(yè)工作。同時，目前有 200 多個公司的年產(chǎn)西服 5 萬套以上。其中的 10 家大公司的銷售額超過 10 億元人民幣(約一千二百十

77、二萬美元)。 在溫州， 市場上出現(xiàn)許多它們在國內(nèi)獨創(chuàng)的品牌， 如廈門，莊吉，報喜鳥(指斑點喜鵲) 等等。憑借大量的設備和先進的工藝，溫州服裝行業(yè)已初步形成了以國內(nèi)市場為銷售網(wǎng)絡并在虛擬的操作中取得了成功，例如美特斯邦威集團， 森馬公司等 溫州市政府已定下目 標: “建設一個著名的服裝城， 穿在溫州” 并開始建設“中華著名服裝工業(yè)園”。大多數(shù)的寧波服裝企業(yè)從事加工產(chǎn)業(yè)，其主要出口產(chǎn)品都是低，中檔。因此，寧波服裝產(chǎn)業(yè)將面臨來自發(fā)展中國家的低