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1、分類號(hào)密級(jí)單位代碼10094訝4£i;干為尤李碩士學(xué)位論文1870年至1895年直隸教案中的地方外交劉立冬指導(dǎo)教師姓名專業(yè)名稱研究方向申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別吳寶曉教援中國(guó)近現(xiàn)代史中外關(guān)系史碩士oo七年五月^d嘎五氣SI7IlES弘KENBYCHIIⅡIADMINISTR觚10NINANnCHRISTIAAⅡTYDURING1870—1895From1870to1895clashesbetweentheChinesepeopleandtheChri

2、stianityin(珈liProvinceincreasedgreatlyUnderstrongpressurefromforeignmissionaries,ministersandChinesenativeChristians,chinesecentTalgovernmententrustedlocalauthofitypowerofsolvingdisputes,nealilllilocaladministrationbecam

3、ethechiefrepresentationofChinesegovernmentinnegotiationsMydissertationdiscusseshowthealilllilocalofficialssoIvedtheseconflictsandtheirchangeofstanceonChinescforeigndiplomacyThcpapercontainsthreeparts:pretextcontentsandfi

4、nalconclusionalicfcontentsincludefivedifferentsections:ncfirstsaystheprinciplesbywhichChihnadministrationsolvedtheseconflictsanalymgthem,wesummarywhatcriterionsareabidedbyinconflicts1nhcsecondisthemainbodypartsnarratesth

5、eChihlilocalmagistratessolvedtheconflictsaccordingtothreelevelsnamelytheC蝴hljcoUlItyofficialsjuniortrialthehigherofficialsintermediatetrial,tIlcgovernorandiinghaicustomofficialsseniortrialTheyusedmoderndiplomaticmenusand

6、traditionalskillstosolvetheseconflictsThesemainmethodswereasfollows:thelocalofficialsthemseIvesheardthecases,gotthecauses,triedtopersudethebelieversandthecommonpeople,otherwisepunishcd也emtosuppresstheircriticalmomentumto

7、reduceresistance;reliedonlocalruralManagersandgentriestosettlethecases;arguedvigorouslywi也priestsandbelieversaccordingtotreaties;consulleddirectlywiththeministerandrejectedtheuureasonabledemands;noticedouttotenthepco[,le

8、andso帆ThethirdtellsaboutthecharacteristicsofnegotiationsThcfolathsaystheproblemsamongChihli10calofficialsinhandlingconflictsnc鼬narratestheresultsandinfluenceofnegotiationsonaseriesofconflictsBeoausetheQingdynastyWasinthe

9、semicofonialandsemifeudalsocialpositiontheresultsofconflictswasunfair功ecompromiseoutcomescausedofficialsandthepublicindignation。刃妊hatredemotionssuddenlyburstouttOformtheBoxeTmovementFollowedbytheEightPowerAlliedForcesagg

10、ression黜madethechinalosealotofsovereigntyfurtherdeepenedtheChihfilocalofficialsfearandcompromiseandexpandedforeignreligiOUSpowersMeanwhile,foreigninvadersintheprocessofdestractlonplayedaunconsciouslybuildersSolvmgreligio

11、nsconflictsapartofChihlilocalo蚯dalsStrengthenedintemationalknowledgeandunderstandedinternationalnegotiationprocedure1恤causedChineseofficialsflllthermodernizationOntheotherhandtheQingdynastyalsostrengtheneditsinternalrefo

12、rms,separatedjudicinlbodiesgraduallyfromtheadministrativecontroltowardstheindependenceTllisacceleratedChinesaapparatusofgovernmentintomodernizationKEYWORDS:theChihlilocalAdministrationconflictsbetweenthecommonpeopleandth

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