氟蟲(chóng)腈等幾種殺蟲(chóng)劑對(duì)水稻三種主要害蟲(chóng)的防效及對(duì)捕食性天敵影響的研究.pdf

1、氟蟲(chóng)睛等殺蟲(chóng)劑對(duì)水稻主要害蟲(chóng)的防效及對(duì)捕食性天敵影響的研究摘要我國(guó)將從2007年1月1日開(kāi)始禁止使用甲服磷、甲基對(duì)硫磷等五種高毒有機(jī)磷殺蟲(chóng)劑，篩選新的適合于水稻使用殺蟲(chóng)劑顯得特別重要。本文研究了氟蟲(chóng)睛、毒死蚌、阿維菌素、濱氰菊酷等殺蟲(chóng)劑對(duì)水稻主要害蟲(chóng)稻薊馬、二化螟、稻縱卷葉螟的防治效果，以及這些殺蟲(chóng)對(duì)稻田主要捕食性天敵蜘蛛、寬龜蜷、瓢蟲(chóng)、隱翅蟲(chóng)、黑肩綠盲蜻的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:氟蟲(chóng)睛等殺蟲(chóng)劑在水稻苗期噴霧防治稻薊馬，5%氟蟲(chóng)睛30mL6

2、67m248%的毒死蚌EC60mL667m22%阿維菌素EC20mL667m2及2.5%浪氰菊酷30mL667m2的防效分別為92.8%92%92.9%及88.5%，均高于甲胺磷的防效(87.3%)保葉效果分別為71.3%80.4%70.4%和76.2%，與甲胺磷相當(dāng)(79.6%)。但在水稻秧田期，5種供試藥劑對(duì)捕食性天敵的殺傷作用有很大差異。施藥后7d氟蟲(chóng)睛、毒死蛛、阿維菌素、溟氰菊醋對(duì)蜘蛛的殺傷力分別為36.24%48.42%26.

3、15%91.63%(甲胺磷100mL667m2為67.85%)，對(duì)寬龜蜻的殺傷率分別為50%83.1%47.7%和92.6%(甲胺磷為93.8%).在大M期，用5%氟蟲(chóng)睛30mL667M248%的毒死蚌EC60mL667時(shí)、2%阿維菌素EC20mL667m2及2.5%澳氰菊醋30mL667m2防治稻縱卷葉螟，施藥后7d，校正防效分別為90.3%89.4%85%和82.1(甲胺磷83.6%)，藥后15d保葉效果分別為77.0%78.9%7

4、6.6%及75.1%(甲胺磷72.7%):對(duì)二化螟的防效，施藥后7d，校正防效分別為98.5%96.9%96.9%和78.5%(甲胺磷72.3%)，施藥后21d，校正防效分別為100%95.2%100%和38.1%(甲胺磷56.2%)，保苗效果分別為100%100%100%和53.8%(甲胺磷56.2%).大田期施用氟蟲(chóng)睛等殺蟲(chóng)劑后，對(duì)各種捕食性天敵的影響不同。對(duì)稻田蜘蛛的影響，以阿維菌素、氟蟲(chóng)睛的影響較小，校正蟲(chóng)口減退率較低，而澳氰菊

5、醋、毒死蚌的減退率較大。噴施5%氟蟲(chóng)睛30mL667m48%的毒死蚌ThecontroleffectsoffipronilandotherinsecticidesonriceinsectsandimpactsontheirpredatorABSTRACTSScreeninginsecticideforriceinsectisveryimportantbecause5hightoxicityorganophosphoruspesticid

6、es(methamidophosparathionmethyletc)willbeprohibitedinchinafromjan.1.2007.Thecontrolefectsofthe4insecticides:fipronilchlorpyrifosabamectinanddeltamethrinonthemainriceinsectsasricethripsricestemborerriceleaffolderandtheimp

7、actsonthemainpredatorsasricefieldspidergeocorissp.brumoideshainanesisPaederussp.CyrtorrhinuslividipennisReuterinricefieldwerestudied.Theresultsshowsthat:Thecontrolefectsofsprayyingthemintheseedlingperiodbytheamountof5%fi

8、pronil30mL667m248%chlorpyrifosEC60mU667m22%abamectinEC20mL667m22.5%deltamethrin30mL667m2tocontrolricethripsonricethripsare92.8%92%92.9%88.5%respectively.Theefectsofthemallarehigherthanthatofmethamidophos(87.3%).Theefects

9、ofprotectingleavesare71.3%80.4%70.4%76.2%respectivelywhicharesimilarasmethamidophos(79.6%).Butintheseedlingperiod，thediferenceamongthekillingefectsofthe4insecticidesonpredatorsareverydistinctness.7daysaftersprayingthemth

10、ekillingefectsofthemonspiderare36.24%48.420x26.15%91.63%respectively(67.85%formethamidophos100mL667m2)andthekillingefectsofthemonGeocorissp.are50%83.1%47.7%92.6%respectively(93.8%formethamidophos).Inthefieldperiodthe4ins

11、ecticidesaresprayedtocontrolriceleaffolderandricestemborer.7daysaftersprayingthembytheamountof5%fipronil30mL667m248%chlorpyrifosEC60mL667m22%abamectinEC20mIJ667m22.5%deltamethrin30mL667m2tocontrolriceleaffolderthecontrol