測繪工程專業(yè)英語(全書翻譯)

1、Uuit1 What is Geomatics? （什么是測繪學） （什么是測繪學）Geomatics Defined（測繪學定義） （測繪學定義）Where does the word Geomatics come from?（Geomatics－測繪或地球空間信息學，這個名詞是怎么來的呢？）GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and – MATICS for math

2、ematical or GEO- for Geoscience and -MATICS for informatics. （大地測量學＋地理信息學＝GEOMATICS 測繪學 或者 geo 代表地球，matics 代表數(shù)學，或者 geo 代表地球科學，matics 代表信息學）It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（據(jù)說測繪學這個詞對不同

3、的人有不同的理解）The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was pre

4、viously called “geodesy” or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer sciences and/or GIS-oriented courses.（這個術語【term 術語】作為一個學科【academic discipline 學科】第一次形成【emerge】于加拿大；在過去的幾年里被全世界的許多高等教育研究機構所熟知，通常是以前的“大地測量學”或“測

5、量學”在引入了許多計算機科學和 GIS 方向【或“基于 GIS”】的課程后重新命名的。）Now the term includes the traditional surveying definition along with surveying steadily increased importance with the development of new technologies and the growing demand fo

6、r a variety of spatially related types of information, particularly in measuring and monitoring our environment.（隨著新技術的發(fā)展和不斷增長的對空間關系的信息類型的需求，尤其是在測量和監(jiān)測我們的環(huán)境方面【環(huán)境監(jiān)測】，現(xiàn)在，傳統(tǒng)測量學定義連同【along with】日益【steadily 穩(wěn)定的】增長的測量的重要性一起包含在這個

7、術語里了。【逗號后面的句子修飾 demand】）Increasingly critical are areas of expanding populations, appreciating land values, dwindling naturalresources, and the continuing stressing of the quality of our land, water and air from human ac

8、tivities.（日益增長的危機來自人口擴張，地價上漲，資源緊縮【緊張】，還有由于人類活動引起的土地、水、空氣質量的持續(xù)的壓力【由人類活動帶來的土地、水、空氣質量的惡化】)As such, geomatics bridges wide arcs from the geosciences through various engineering sciences and computer sciences to spatial plann

9、ing, land development and the environmental sciences.（這樣，測繪學在地球科學，各種工程學【engineering sciences 工程學】，計算機科學，空間規(guī)劃，土地開發(fā)和環(huán)境科學相互之間架起了廣泛的橋梁。）Now the word geomatics has been adopted by several international bodies including the In

10、ternational Standards Organization(ISO),so it is here to stay.（現(xiàn)在 geomatics 這個詞已經(jīng)被包括 ISO【國際標準化組織】在內的數(shù)個國際機構【international bodies】所采用，因此它就這樣被普遍接受【be here to stay 習慣用語“被普遍接受”】)The term “surveyor” is traditionally used to

11、 collectively describe those engaged in the above activities. （surveyor 這個詞按慣例用來總指（這換成“總稱”較好）【collectively 全體的】那些從事上述活動的人。）More explicit job descriptions such as Land Surveyor, Engineering Surveyor or Hydrographic Survey

12、or for example, are commonly used by practitioners to more clearly describe and market their specialized expertise.（更具體的【explicit 清楚的、直接的】工作如土地測量員、工程測量員和水道測量員，一般【commonly 一般地】被業(yè)內人士【practitioners 從業(yè)者】用來更準確的描述他們的專門技術?！局弊g為：

13、更清楚的工作描述就如如土地測量員、工程測量員和水道測量員，一般被從業(yè)者用來更準確的描述他們的專門技術?！浚﹑resenting geographically referenced information(geo-spatial data ).（獲取、處理、存儲，分析和上呈【presenting 呈現(xiàn)】地理參考信息（地理空間信息）的科學和技術。）This broad term applies both to science and tec

14、hnology, and mapping, geodesy, satellite positioning, photogrammetry, remote sensing, geographic information systems(GIS), land management ,computer systems, environmental visualization and computer graphics.（這個廣泛的術語應用于科

15、學和技術，以及制圖、大地測量學、衛(wèi)星定位、攝影測量學、遙感、地理信息系統(tǒng)、土地管理、計算機系統(tǒng)、環(huán)境可視化和計算機制圖等領域）Several terms such as “geomatics” ,“geomatic engineering,” and “geoinformatics” are now in common use pertaining to activities generally concerned with geogr

16、aphic information.（現(xiàn)在一些術語如“測繪學”，“測繪工程”和“地學信息學”共同應用于某些活動中―――專屬于【pertain to】通?！緂enerally】涉及【concern with】地理信息的活動。）These terms have been adopted primarily to represent the general approach that geographic information is col

17、lected, managed, and applied. （這些術語起初被采用用來表示地理信息的采集、管理和應用的總體的方法。）Along with land surveying, photogrammetry, remote sensing, and cartography, GIS is an important component of geomatics. （連同土地測量學，攝影測量學，遙感和制圖學一起，GIS 也是測繪學中重

18、要的一個組成部分。）Branches of Geomatics（測繪學分支） （測繪學分支）Data acquisition techniques include field surveying, global positioning system(GPS), satellite positioning, and remotely sensed imagery obtained through aerial photography an

19、d satellite imagery.（數(shù)據(jù)獲取技術包括普通野外測量，GPS 測量，衛(wèi)星定位和遙感圖像獲取，通過航空攝影和衛(wèi)星成像）It also includes the acquisition of database material scanned from older maps and plans and data collected by related agencies.（它還包括數(shù)據(jù)庫資料的獲取――通過掃描就有地圖和設計

20、圖，還有有關機構收集的數(shù)據(jù)。）Data management and process are handled through the use of computer programs for engineering design,digital photogrammetry, image analysis, relational data base management, and geographic information syste

21、ms (GIS). （通過計算機程序，數(shù)據(jù)管理和處理 應用于工程設計，數(shù)字攝影測量【digital photogrammetry】，圖像分析，相關資料庫的管理和 GIS。）Data plotting(presentation) is handled through the use of mapping and other illustrative computer programs; the presentations are dis

22、played on computer screens(where interactive editing can occur)and are output on paper from digital plotting devices.（數(shù)據(jù)成圖【數(shù)字成圖】是通過制圖和其他直觀的計算機程序【illustrative 直觀的、說明性的】進行的；其表達顯示在計算機屏幕上（交互式編輯處理），也可以通過數(shù)字繪圖儀輸出到紙上?！緃andle 操作、

23、處理】）Once the positions and attributes of geographic entities have been digitized and stored in computer memory, they are available for use by a wide variety of users.（一旦地理實體的位置和屬性被數(shù)字化并被存儲進計算機存儲器，就可以有效的【available 有效的、可用的】

24、為廣泛的各種的使用者所用）Through the use of modern information technology(IT), geomatics brings together professionals in the following disciplines: surveying, mapping, remote sensing, land registration, civil and marine engineering