測控技術(shù)與儀器專業(yè)英語全書翻譯

1、Unit 1 Definition of Measurement and Measurement Theory 定義的測量方法和測量理論 1. Definition of Measurement 測量的定義 A possible operational description of the term measurement which agrees with our intuition is the following :

2、“measurement is the acquisition of information ”;the aspect of gathering information is one of the most essential aspects of measurement ;measurement are conducted to learn about the object of measurement ;the measur

3、and .This means that a measurement must be descriptive with regard to that state or that phenomenon in the world around us which we are measuring .一個可能的操 作描述這個術(shù)語的同意,我們憑直覺測量是下列的“測量信息獲取”,采集信息 的方面是最重要的方面進(jìn)行測量,計(jì)量了解測量的對象,進(jìn)行測

4、量。 這意味著一個 測量必須描述對于這種狀態(tài)或這一現(xiàn)象在我們周圍的世界我們衡量。There must be a relationship between this state or phenomenon and the measurement result .Although the aspect of acquiring information is elementary ,it is merely a necessary a

5、nd not a sufficient aspect of measurement :when one reads a textbook ,one gathers information ,but one does not perform a measurement.必須有一個關(guān)系狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)象和測量結(jié)果信息獲取的角度,即使是 基礎(chǔ),那只是一個必要的和非充分方面的測量:當(dāng)一個人閱讀教科書,一個收集信 息,但是一個人不能進(jìn)行測量。A s

6、econd aspect of measurement is that it must be selective .It may only provide information about what we wish to measure (the measurand) and not about any other of the many states or phenomena around

7、 us .測量的第二個方面,它必須被選擇,只能提供有關(guān)我們所希望的那樣 進(jìn)行測量測量),而不是對任何其他的許多州或現(xiàn)象在我們身邊。 This aspect too is a necessary but not sufficient aspect of measurement .Admiring a painting inside an otherwise empty room will provide information a

8、bout only the painting ,but does not constitute a measurement.這相位也是必 須的,但并非任何足夠的測量方面.Admiring 一幅畫在一個否則空房間會提供信 息,只有這幅畫作,但不構(gòu)成測量。 A third and necessary aspect of measurement is that it must be objective .The outcome

9、 of the measurement must be independent of an arbitrary observer .Each observer must extract the same information from the measurement and must come to the same conclusion .This, however ,is almost impossibl

10、e for an observer who uses only his/her senses .Observations made with our senses are highly subjective .Our sense of temperature ,for example , depends strongly on any sensation of hot or cold preceding the measureme

11、nt .第三個和必要的 方面,它必須被測量,結(jié)果客觀測量必須獨(dú)立于任意觀測器提取每觀察者必須之 測相同的信息,必須得出了相同的結(jié)論。這,然而,幾乎不可能一個觀察人士只使 用他/她的感官感覺是我們.Observations 我們高度主觀的感覺,例如,取決于溫 度有任何感覺熱或冷的 measuremen 前。This is demonstrated by trying to determine the temperature of a j

12、ug of water by hand .If the hand is first dipped in cold water, the water in the jug will feel relatively warm ,whereas if the hand is first dipped in warm water ,the water in the jug will feel relatively cold. Beside

13、s the subjectivity of our observation ,we human observers are also handicapped by the fact that there are many states or phenomena in the real world around us which we cannot observe at all (e.g. magnetic fields) .or

14、only poorly (e.g. extremely low temperatures or high-speed movement) .In order to guarantee objectivity of a measurement we must therefore use artefacts (tools or instruments).這是證明了在調(diào)查里面的水的溫度用手,如果手先用冷水浸泡到 瓶子里

15、的水會感到相對的溫暖,而若手第一蘸溫水、水到瓶子里會感覺比較冷。 除了我們觀察的主體性,我們?nèi)祟惖挠^察家們也不識字而事實(shí)有許多州或者現(xiàn)象 在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中,我們不能遵守我們周圍磁場(如只 poorl 支)。The task of these instruments is to convert the state or phenomenon under observation into a different state or pheno

16、menon that cannot be misinterpreted by an observer .In other words, the instrument converts the initial observation into a representation that all observers can observe and will agree on . 這些儀器的任務(wù)是把國家或現(xiàn)象觀察進(jìn)入一種

17、不同的國家或現(xiàn)象,不能被誤解被characteristics of States and phenomena of the world around us ; the elements of the image set are symbols of the abstract image set of symbols . The symbols can be numbers (quantitative me

18、asurements ) but can also be ,for example ,names (quantitative measurements ).換句話說,元素的來 源是實(shí)證特點(diǎn)設(shè)置狀態(tài)和我們周圍的世界的現(xiàn)象;要素的圖像的抽象符號圖像集 象徵。符號可以是數(shù)字(定量測量),還可以為例,定量測量)名字。Restricting the definition of measurement further , measurement

19、 theory states that measurement is the mapping of elements from an empirical source set onto elements of an abstract image set according to a particular transformation function . The transformation function consists

20、of the assignment algorithms , results or procedures that define the representation of empirical quantities by abstract symbols .限制測量的 定義進(jìn)一步、測量理論認(rèn)為測量測繪的要素,從實(shí)證源固定在抽象的圖像元素根 據(jù)特定的轉(zhuǎn)換功能。轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù)由任務(wù)的算法,結(jié)果或程序確定表示的實(shí)證數(shù)量由 抽象符號。In pra

21、ctice the assignment algorithm , rule or procedure is implemented by the employed measurement system. The measurement system therefore determines the representation . As stated earlier , this representation must be

22、 done in a description ,objective and selective way . Thus , the image set must consist of elements (measurement outcomes ) which are abstract symbols with a unique meaning about which , by definiti

23、on , all observers agree .在實(shí)踐中,分派算法、規(guī)則、程序是由受雇測量系統(tǒng)實(shí)施。 測量系統(tǒng)因此決定表示。如前所述,這些表示都被做以描述、客觀、有選擇的。 因此,對圖像集必須包含的元素(測量結(jié)果),有抽象符號具有獨(dú)特的意義,被定義, 所有的觀察家們也一致。A measurement must be descriptive .In measurement theory this is describe

24、d in terms of set theory :the relations that exist between the elements of the source set must be maintained under the transformation in the image set ,for example ,’larger than ’, ‘equal to ’ and ‘s

25、maller than ’.一個測量必須描述了在測量理論從集理論存在的 關(guān)系成分之間的源設(shè)置下必須保持對圖像集的轉(zhuǎn)型中,例如,“比” 、 “等于'和' 小于” 。The set of relations between the elements of the source set is referred to as the relational system (of the source set ).之間的關(guān)系的 來

26、源的元素將被稱為關(guān)聯(lián)系統(tǒng)(的源套)。This empirical relational system determines the structure of the source set . Likewise ,an abstract relational system determines the structure of the image set (for instance ,the set of relationa

27、l that apply to the set of integer numbers ). A measurement (representation ) is now called descriptive if the relational system or structure of the empirical source set is invariant under the transformation

28、(measurement ) . 本實(shí)證關(guān)系系統(tǒng)確定源的結(jié)構(gòu)。 同樣地,抽象的關(guān)系系統(tǒng)確定圖像的結(jié)構(gòu)(例如,關(guān)系,適用于整數(shù)的數(shù)字)。測量 (表示)現(xiàn)在稱為描述性如果關(guān)系系統(tǒng)或結(jié)構(gòu)變化設(shè)置經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義來源轉(zhuǎn)換(下測 量)。The measurement only represents that which is measured if the two relational systems are identical ; otherwise

29、 information is lost in the mapping . An example is measuring with a very low resolution ; two different current magnitudes are mapped onto the same outcome , and are indistinguishable from each other .測量測量只代表了,如果兩個關(guān)系

30、系統(tǒng)都 是相同的,否則資料遺失在映射。 一個例子是測量一個非常低分辨率;兩個不同電 流大小映射到相同的結(jié)果,與對方。 Unit2 Measurement of Physical Quantity 物理量測量 The physical quantities listed bellow are often used in test and measurement technology .The first 2 are commonly

31、 called as electrical quantities and the other are commonly called as electrical parameters . Usually the sensors receive the information of quantities under measurement (QUM) and convert it into variation of

32、 electrical parameters or electrical potential, which will normally be conditioned ,and then converted into the electrical quantities ,specially the current ,and sent to the A/D converters . 如下所示的物理量的常被用于測