外文翻譯--一種基于單片機(jī)的新型三相多費(fèi)率電能表的設(shè)計

1、<p><b>　　附件C：譯文</b></p><p>　　一種基于單片機(jī)的新型三相多費(fèi)率電能表的設(shè)計</p><p>　　Jishun Jiang Lanlan Yu</p><p>　　School of Electric and Electronic Enginee

2、ring School of Electric and Electronic Engineering</p><p>　　Shandong University of Technology Shandong University of Technology</p><p>　　Zibo, 255091, China

3、 Zibo, 255091, China</p><p>　　jandj8@sina.com yulanlan124@163.com</p><p><b>　　摘要：</b></p><p>　　隨著社會的發(fā)展，對電力的需求變得越來越大。在不同時間的電力不平衡現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)

4、重。為了合理調(diào)整電力負(fù)荷，節(jié)約能源，我們提出了一個新的多速率設(shè)計三相電度表。這種新型多速率三相電度表的設(shè)計原理是在AT89LV5基礎(chǔ)上提出的。硬件和軟件流程設(shè)計，以及實驗數(shù)據(jù)的分析，詳細(xì)介紹。通過審判淄博億電子有限公司制造，它表明這種多速率三相電度表具有特色，是步行的精度，準(zhǔn)確測量，自動抄表，靈活的時間設(shè)置，成本低。因此，這種新型三相多費(fèi)率電度表具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：多速率，三相電度表

5、，AT89LV52</p><p><b>　　一.引言</b></p><p>　　計算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用推動了電表的智能化轉(zhuǎn)型。由于電力的需求增大，在不同時間的電力需求不平衡的現(xiàn)象越來越嚴(yán)重，電力公司鼓勵人們使用復(fù)費(fèi)率電度表[1]，以合理調(diào)整電力負(fù)荷，節(jié)省能源。傳統(tǒng)的復(fù)費(fèi)率電度表總是采用機(jī)械馬口鐵來衡量。也有一些不足之處，測量精度低與機(jī)械磨損快，單一的時間內(nèi)設(shè)置需

6、要強(qiáng)大的人力資源[2]。在本文中，我們在AT89LV52的基礎(chǔ)上提出一個新的多速率三相電度表。這種多速率三相電度表采用測量AD7752。它的特點是分時計量，計量準(zhǔn)確，液晶顯示直觀器，自動抄表，靈活的時間設(shè)置，及時校正，成本低，設(shè)計新穎。</p><p><b>　　二.結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理</b></p><p>　　本文提出的新穎的多速率三相電度表是基于AT89LV52單

7、片機(jī)[3]。 AT89LV52具有8K字節(jié)，三級加密程序存儲器，256字節(jié)的RAM，32個可編程I / O線，3次/ 16位和一個6向量2級停止計數(shù)器的RAM。該接口電路采用I2C總線的單位，是一個8位具有良好的性能和價格合適的單片機(jī)。該系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖見圖1。</p><p><b>　　圖1。系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖</b></p><p>　　這種多費(fèi)率電度表讀數(shù)的原則是多速率一次

8、使用RS485總線段并記錄在X25045然后接管RS485總線時鐘并將該時鐘寫入CMOS芯片S3530A。三相交流電壓和電流通過電位儀和互感分別以生產(chǎn)小信號，傳送到AD7752完成測量。時鐘芯片S3530A提供了時鐘的自動移動過程中每秒的信息和分析這種時鐘屬于哪個時期根據(jù)預(yù)先設(shè)定的時間在X25045的時間然后保存在RAM存儲器電能按照相應(yīng)的時間期限。我們把它寫的X25045的通訊地址，當(dāng)電能達(dá)到1度，以使多速率測量成真。這種電度表具有明

9、確的液晶顯示功能，缺相檢測，負(fù)荷控制，停止用電檢查和存儲，自動抄表等</p><p>　　三．系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計</p><p><b>　　A 電能計量</b></p><p>　　三相電能計量由ADI公司的低耗能CMOS芯片AD7752來實現(xiàn)了。在AD7752內(nèi)部，除了采用的ADC，濾波器和乘法電路，還有可以有效地消除噪聲的數(shù)字電路。采

10、樣過程中的電壓和電流的三相交流電源回路如圖2所示，其中IA代表A相電壓采樣。對B相和C相的取樣電路類似A相。電源積分后轉(zhuǎn)化為電脈沖輸出。脈沖從CF口通過光電絕緣4N25進(jìn)入到空位的AT89LV52的INT0。 CPU測量電能[4]。我們通過S1和S2的聯(lián)系調(diào)節(jié)CF的脈沖數(shù)。電力能源和脈沖的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系是W = MC的。其中，W是同千瓦時電能的單位，M是總脈沖數(shù)，C是電表脈沖數(shù)。我們選擇C=3000即每千瓦小時，，每千瓦時 3000脈沖。&l

11、t;/p><p>　　圖2。電度表的電路原理圖</p><p><b>　　B 液晶顯示器</b></p><p>　　該液晶顯示器[6]通過盛群公司的CMOS芯片對HT1621的實現(xiàn)12位數(shù)字顯示。HT1621是128段（32 × 4）內(nèi)部存儲器，LCD驅(qū)動器。在HT1621內(nèi)部由控制電路和時間，內(nèi)存，液晶驅(qū)動器和計時器。它有體積小

12、，成本低的優(yōu)點，使其使用于電度表。我們使用串行接口，在HT1621和AT89LV52之間只有4條線。詳細(xì)的連接如圖3所示。AT89LV52的P20,P21,P22,P23分別連接到CS,RD,WR并分別與數(shù)據(jù)使用翻新的RAM顯示。對HT1621驅(qū)動器芯片已在48個節(jié)點的COM0，串口COM1，COM2端口，COM3連接到公共端和驅(qū)動器的LCD和SG0，的SG1，SG2的，SG3連接到驅(qū)動器輸出的每個部分分別輸出。此外，一個20kΩ的電阻

13、可調(diào)之間放置VDD和VLCD來調(diào)整液晶顯示對比度。實驗表明，VDD= 5V比VLCD= 4V的更好。</p><p><b>　　C 串行存儲器</b></p><p>　　串行存儲器采用了XICOR公司的低功耗芯片X25045。它有三個功能看門狗定時器,電壓監(jiān)控和串行存儲器E2PROM的有512個字節(jié)。看門狗定時器可以設(shè)置的200ms，600ms和1400ms的時

14、間間隔。該軟件程序被讀入X25045。在正常運(yùn)行的程序，看門狗定時器收到的時間間隔，以確保程序的正常運(yùn)行觸發(fā)信號。如果看門狗定時器在時間間隔沒有收到觸發(fā)信號，X25045將輸出高級復(fù)位線。觸發(fā)電度表復(fù)位，以防止程序飛走。由于串行存儲器芯片，512 X25045的字節(jié)用于存儲的電能表的代碼，時間多速率時期，電力頂點，平滑用電，低谷電，上月和本月總電力。存儲可以分為兩個相同的地方。一個是作為數(shù)據(jù)存儲。另一種是用于備份。對存儲的數(shù)目可以修改1

15、0萬次。數(shù)據(jù)可存儲100年。它是采用SPI總線連接AT89LV52。連接如圖3所示。</p><p>　　圖3。電度表的數(shù)字電路部分</p><p><b>　　D 時鐘電路</b></p><p>　　時鐘電路是由S3530A芯片完成。這是一個低功耗時鐘芯片，支持I2C總線。它通過CUP發(fā)送給RS485的數(shù)據(jù)來設(shè)置時鐘和日歷。同時，它繼續(xù)

16、走自己的振蕩時間。32.768 kHz的晶體振蕩器是把XIN和S3530A 的XOUT連接鎖定的CPU。 SDA的腳和SCL腳分別連接到AT89LV52的P1.6和P1.7。有兩個中斷的腳可作為第二分鐘輸出或輸出同步脈沖在一秒的時間內(nèi)供應(yīng)中斷信號給AT89LV52。單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)將讀出通過I2C通信接口當(dāng)前時間根據(jù)這一信號，并計算出這一段時間的電能，從而實現(xiàn)在不同時期的電能測量[5]。該時鐘電路用鋰電池。該電源VCC在正常供電線路是3.6V

17、的鋰電池電氣化供電。當(dāng)有電源關(guān)閉時，系統(tǒng)會自動轉(zhuǎn)換成鋰電池供電的時鐘電路。時鐘仍在運(yùn)行準(zhǔn)確，即使關(guān)閉了電源。</p><p>　　E RS485通訊</p><p>　　MAX485芯片可實現(xiàn)RS485多費(fèi)率電能表通信控制。 MAX485芯片有RS485通訊協(xié)議。它可以在128 hypogenous電腦傳輸。它的傳輸距離大于1公里，其傳輸速率可達(dá)每秒250kb。該電度表連接通過RS48

18、5總線單元控制器。每個單元有一個單元控制器可以管理128多費(fèi)率電能表。該單元控制器連接到電腦的電源管理。每個電度表只有一個8位16進(jìn)制數(shù)米。電工應(yīng)寫入用戶的信息和米數(shù)，然后導(dǎo)入到初次安裝電源管理的計算機(jī)，以便完成廣告的用戶和管理計算機(jī)的連接。管理計算機(jī)發(fā)送廣播通信地址信息并設(shè)定一段時間，沒有地址信息就沒有時鐘信息。電腦通過調(diào)用地址的方式更新資料。</p><p>　　F 缺相檢測和繼電器控制</p>

19、;<p>　　它可以實現(xiàn)繼電器控制[7] AT89LV52的P27。 P27可以控制繼電器使用4N25光電隔離器，以完成電源和功率控制。缺相檢測得到的信號是75K的電阻連接到1引腳的光電隔離器輸出的，分別通過二極管半波整流和濾波電容。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了通過4引腳的隔離，以確定是否存在著缺相。如果有缺相，我們再次發(fā)現(xiàn)2秒后超時。我們打破立即關(guān)閉電源，如果有缺乏權(quán)力后，兩次確認(rèn)。在電源保護(hù)電路，它使用AT89LV52 INT1中斷腳檢

20、測信號。當(dāng)有一個突然斷電，INT1的跳躍進(jìn)入低電壓和INT1中斷進(jìn)入到電源保護(hù)方案，對儲能電容器依靠保存數(shù)據(jù)。在該系統(tǒng)中，AD7752的輸出脈沖，繼電器控制端口和缺相檢測的投入都用光電隔離器4N25。它發(fā)出的光耦合，可提高抗干擾能力電信號。</p><p><b>　　四.軟件設(shè)計</b></p><p><b>　　A 資源的分配</b>&

21、lt;/p><p>　　該軟件設(shè)計包括主程序，X25045的讀寫程序，RS485串行通信程序，中斷服務(wù)程序，定時器處理程序，對HT1621顯示控制方案，在不同時間和不同功率的電能測量了保護(hù)方案，系統(tǒng)自檢與反干擾的處理方案。中斷系統(tǒng)資源的分布如下：INT0中斷的是AD7752脈沖測量，為檢測同步，計時器T0的INT1的使用時間為100毫秒，T1的為1ms的時間，并作為串行通信程序T2的波特率發(fā)生器。RS485的異步通信

22、設(shè)置為接收和發(fā)送中斷檢查信息。</p><p><b>　　B 模塊設(shè)計</b></p><p>　　主要程序流程圖如圖4所示。該電度表應(yīng)能在每個功率初始化時間。該計劃包括設(shè)置初始化工作模式定時器，串行氣孔和AT89LV52中斷，寫入X25045的，S3530A和和對HT1621控制字。該系統(tǒng)設(shè)置三個時間段。該單片機(jī)每秒從S3530A讀取時鐘值，然后分析這些時鐘屬

23、于哪個時期，根據(jù)預(yù)先設(shè)定的時間在X25045的時間然后保存在RAM存儲器，電能按照相應(yīng)的時間期限。我們把它寫入X25045的通訊地址，當(dāng)電能達(dá)到1度時。16位液晶顯示屏顯示的時間，并反過來顯示電能信息。</p><p><b>　　圖4。主程序流程圖</b></p><p><b>　　五.測試結(jié)果</b></p><p>

24、;　　測量誤差和運(yùn)行測試已在淄博億電子有限公司取得。epigenous計算機(jī)完成時間的管理和設(shè)置。這里有三種費(fèi)率的時間段。第一階段的時間是低峰期從00點00分鐘到06點30分鐘。時間的第二個時期是用電高峰期從06點30分鐘到22點30分鐘。第三階段的時間是正常用電時期從22點30分鐘到24點00分鐘。設(shè)置各個時間的用電效率并發(fā)送到計算機(jī)管理系統(tǒng)，電力公司根據(jù)國家政策調(diào)整并保存到X25045。用電高峰期，正常用電，用電低峰期，每月電力總讀

25、數(shù)保存在電能表，并通過單元控制器發(fā)送到epigenous計算機(jī)。通訊波特率是9600比特每秒。 0.1級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電子式電能表是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的校驗表并且是多費(fèi)率電能表的測試儀表。淄博億電子公司根據(jù)不同的負(fù)荷運(yùn)行已進(jìn)行了測試。在30kW的負(fù)荷下測量的數(shù)據(jù)見表1。</p><p>　　表一比較普通電能表和多費(fèi)率電能表</p><p>　　測試結(jié)果表明，該復(fù)費(fèi)率電度表誤差小于1％，屬于1.0級。反復(fù)讀數(shù)電能

26、精度和校正的時間是及時和正確的。通過測試，對降低用電計量誤差的方法可以得到。第一，調(diào)整AD7752采樣電阻的準(zhǔn)確值。其次，需要這個電阻值隨溫度變化的較少。第三，在電力計量的過程中，當(dāng)電力尾數(shù)部分不足0.01，其余的脈沖應(yīng)該在一起訪問，從而累積誤差不足0.01度，能量損失是可以避免的。</p><p><b>　　六.結(jié)論和展望</b></p><p>　　多費(fèi)率電能表

27、在不同的時間根據(jù)不同的設(shè)置完成電能計算。它采用485串行通信，實現(xiàn)自動抄表和實時校正。淄博億電子公司生產(chǎn)的結(jié)果表明，在本文的多速率三相電度表有新穎的設(shè)計技術(shù)，精確測量的特點，靈活的時間設(shè)置。各項技術(shù)指標(biāo)達(dá)到國家智能卡電能表的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此，它具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。</p><p><b>　　譯文原文出處：</b></p><p>　　Jishun Jiang ; La

28、nlan Yu ; Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Shandong Univ. of Technol., Zibo, China . Design of a New Three-Phase Multi-Rate Watt-Hour Meter Based on Singlechip . Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering,

29、2009. CiSE 2009. International Conference on .</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)：</b></p><p>　　[1] Bu Zhengliang, Yin Xianggen, Tu Guangyu. “Development of HV Watt-hour meter.” Automation of Electric

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31、Conference on Metering Apparatus and Tariffs for Electricity Supply, 1990,4: 259-263.</p><p>　　[3] Xuehai Li. Applied tutorial of singlechip. Electronic industry publishing company, 2003.</p><p>

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33、;/p><p>　　[5] Liu Ying, Liu Qingyu. “Development of a self-calibration precision electrical measuring meter.” Proceedings of the 1998 Conference Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, 1998,7:276.</p>&l

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35、ng. “Key technology to three-phase electric meter and high voltage electric power measurement.” Acta Metrologica Sinica, 2007, vol28: 25-30.</p><p><b>　　英文原文：</b></p><p>　　Design of

36、a New Three-phase Multi-rate Watt-hour Meter Based on singlechip</p><p>　　Jishun Jiang</p><p>　　School of Electric and Electronic Engineering</p><p>　　Shandong University of Technol

37、ogy</p><p>　　Zibo, 255091, China</p><p>　　jandj8@sina.com</p><p><b>　　Lanlan Yu</b></p><p>　　School of Electric and Electronic Engineering</p><p&

38、gt;　　Shandong University of Technology</p><p>　　Zibo, 255091, China</p><p>　　yulanlan124@163.com</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　With the development of t

39、he society, the demand of electric power becomes bigger and bigger. The phenomenon of unbalanced electricity in different time is worse and worse. In order to adjust electric power burthen with reason and save energy, we

40、 put forward the design of a novel multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter. The design principle of a novel multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter based on AT89LV5 is proposed in this paper. The designs of hardware and so

41、ftware flow, as well as the analysi</p><p>　　Keywords-multi-rate, three-phase watt-hour meter,AT89LV52</p><p>　　INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　The development and application of computer tec

42、hnology push the construction of intellectualized section exteriorly. Because the phenomena of bigger demand of electric power and unbalanced electricity in different time is worse and worse, electric power company has e

43、ncouraged people to use multi-rate watt-hour meter [1] in order to adjust electric power burthen with reason and save energy. The traditional multi-rate watt-hour meter always adopts mechanical tinplate to measure. There

44、 are some sho</p><p>　　STRUCTURE AND WORKING PRINCIPLE</p><p>　　The novel multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter proposed in this paper is based upon AT89LV52 singlechip [3]. AT89LV52 has the fl

45、ash memorizer with 8k bytes, cryptographical program memorizer with third class, RAM with 256 bytes, 32 programmable I/O lines, three time/ counter with 16 bits and a two class halt with six vectors. The interface circui

46、t adopts I2C bus unit which is a 8 bits singlechip with good performance and suitable price. The system structure diagram is shown in figure 1.</p><p>　　Figure 1. System structure diagram</p><p>

47、;　　The principle of this multi-rate watt-hour meter is reading in the multi-rate time segments using RS485 bus and noting in X25045 then take over correctional clock with RS485 bus and write in clock CMOS chip S3530A. Th

48、e three-phase AC voltage and electric current pass through potentiometer and mutual inductance instrument respectively so as to produce small signal which is sent to AD7752 to complete measurement. The clock CMOS chip S3

49、530A gives clock information per second in the course of automa</p><p>　　according to corresponding period of time. We write it to corresponding address of X25045 when the electrical energy achieves one degr

50、ee in order to make the multi-rate measurement come true. This watt-hour meter has functions of clear LCD display, missing phase detection, burthen control, halt electricity check and storage, automatic meter reading and

51、 so on.</p><p>　　THE DESIGH OF HARDWARE CIRCUIT</p><p>　　A． Electrical energy measurement</p><p>　　The three-phase electrical energy measurement is realized by the low consume CMOS

52、chip AD7752 of ADI company. The inside of AD7752 adopts digital circuit besides ADC, filter and multiplication circuit which can eliminate noises effectively. The sampling course of voltage and electric current in three-

53、phase AC power supply loop is shown in figure 2 in which IA stands for voltage sampling of A phase. The sampling circuits of B phase and C phase are similar to A phase. The power after integral is t</p><p>　

54、　Figure 2. Circuit schematic diagramof watt-hour meter</p><p>　　B． LCD display</p><p>　　The LCD display [6] adopts HT1621 CMOS chip of HOLTEK Company to achieve twelve bits digital display. HT16

55、21 is the LCD drivers with 128 segments (32× 4) inner memorizer. The interior of HT1621 consists of control and time circuits, RAM, LCD drive and watch timer. It has</p><p>　　the merits of small volume

56、and low cost so that it is suit to watt-hour meter. We use serial interface which only has four lines between HT1621 and AT89LV52. The detailed connection is shown in figure 3. P20, P21, P22 and P23 of AT89LV52 connect t

57、o CS, RD, WR and DATA respectively with the use to refurbish the display of RAM. HT1621 drive CMOS chip has 48 nodes in which COM0, COM1, COM2, COM3 connect to the communal end and drive output of LCD and SG0, SG1, SG2,

58、SG3 connect to drive output of ev</p><p>　　C． Serial memorizer</p><p>　　Serial memorizer adopts low power consumption chip X25045 of XICOR company .It has three functions which are watchdog time

59、r WTD, voltage supervision and serial memorizer E2PROM with 512 bytes. WTD can be set 200ms, 600ms and 1400ms time intervals. The software program is read into X25045. During the normal running of program, WTD receives t

60、he trigger signal in time intervals in order to ensure the normal running of program. X25045 will output a high potential through RESET line if WTD does not r</p><p>　　D． Clock circuit</p><p>　　

61、The clock circuit is completed by S3530A chip. It is a low power consumption clock chip that supports I2C Bus. It sets the clock and calendar according to the data received by CUP communicating with RS485. At the same ti

62、me, it continues to walk time by its own oscillation. The crystal oscillator of 32.768 kHz is put between Xin and Xout of S3530A which is connected with CPU through latching. SDA foot and SCL foot connect to P1.6 and P1.

63、7 of AT89LV52 respectively. There are two interrupt alarming</p><p>　　Figure 3. Partial circuit figure of watt-hour meter</p><p>　　E． RS485 Communication </p><p>　　MAX485 chip can i

64、mplement RS485 communication control of multi-rate watt-hour meter. MAX485 chip has RS485 communication protocol. It can take 128 hypogenous computers. Its transmission distance is greater than 1km and its transfer rate

65、is up to 250kb per second. The watt-hour meter connects with the unit controller through the RS485 bus. Each unit has a cell controller can manage 128 multi-rate watt-hour meter. The cell controller connects to power man

66、agement computer. Each watt-hour meter has </p><p>　　F． Lack Phase detection and relay control</p><p>　　It can achieve relay control [7] with P27 of AT89LV52. P27 can control relays using 4N25 p

67、hotoelectricity isolator so as to complete power supply and power control. Lack Phase detection gets the signal from fan-out of the relay and connects to 1 foot of photoelectricity isolator after passing a 75K resistance

68、, the diode half-wave rectifier and capacitive filtering respectively. We detect the 4 foot of isolator to determine whether there is the lack of phase. If there is lack of phase, we detect </p><p>　　When th

69、ere is a sudden power off, INT1 jumps into a low voltage and the INT1 interrupt enters to the power protection program relying on the energy storage capacitor to save data. In the system, pulse output of AD7752, relay co

70、ntrol port and the inputs of lack phase detection all use photoelectric isolator 4N25. It sends electrical signal by light coupling which can enhance the ability of anti-jamming.</p><p>　　THE DESIGN OF SOFTW

71、ARE</p><p>　　A．The distribution of resource</p><p>　　The software program includes main program, X25045 read and write program, RS485 serial communication program, interrupt serve program, timer

72、 handling program, HT1621 display control program, electrical energy measurement in different period of time and power down protection program, and system self-checking and anti-interference handling program. Interrupt r

73、esource distribution of system is: INT0 interrupt is used as AD7752 pulse measurement, INT1 as synchronization detecting, timer T0 as 100 m</p><p>　　interrupt and check information for sending.</p>&l

74、t;p>　　B． Module desigh</p><p>　　The flow chart of main program is shown in figure 4. The watt-hour meter should be able to initialize at each power up time. The initializing program includes setting worki

75、ng mode of timers, serial stomata and interrupts for AT89LV52, writing control word into X25045, S3530A and</p><p>　　HT1621. This system sets three periods of time. The singlechip reads clock value from S353

76、0A per second then analyze this clock belongs to which period of time according to advance periods of time set in X25045 then save the electrical energy in RAM memorizer according to corresponding period of time. We writ

77、e it to corresponding address of X25045 when the electrical energy achieves one degree. The LCD display with 16 bits shows period of time and electrical energy information in turn. </p><p>　　Figure 4

78、. Flow chart of main program</p><p>　　TESTING RESULT</p><p>　　Error measurement and running test have been made in Zibo Billion Electron Co., Ltd. The epigenous computer completes the setting of

79、 time management. There are three-rate period of time. The first period of time is vale electricity from 00 point 00 minute to 06 point 30 minutes. The second period of time is apex electricity from 06 point 30 minutes t

80、o 22 point 30 minutes. The third period of time is smooth electricity from 22 point 30 minutes to 24 point 00 minute. The setting of rate period of </p><p>　　TABLE I. COMPARE OF NORMAL METER AND TESTING METE

81、R</p><p>　　The testing result indicates that the error of this multi-rate watt-hour meter is less than 1%, belongs to 1.0 grade. The return reading of electrical energy is precision and the emendation of tim

82、e is timely and right. By testing, the method of decreasing errors for electricity metering can be obtained. Firstly, adjust the sampling resistance of AD7752 to accurate value. Secondly, the value of this resistance is

83、needed less varying with temperature. Thirdly, during electricity metering progress,</p><p>　　VI. CONCLUSION AND EXPECTATION</p><p>　　The multi-rate watt-hour meter achieves electrical energ

84、y computation in different time according to different time setting. It adopts RS485 for serial communication and realizes automatic meter reading and real-time emendation. The results of production in Billion Electron C

85、ompany show</p><p>　　that the multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter proposed in this paper has the characteristics of novel design technique, accurate measurement, and flexible time period setting. Various

86、technical indexes achieve the technique standard for national intelligent card watt-hour meter. Therefore, it has wide application.</p><p>　　REFERENCES</p><p>　　[1] Bu Zhengliang, Yin Xianggen,

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90、on Solar Energy (AICSE-9), Kingdom of Bahrain, 2007,4 (209):328-333.</p><p>　　[5] Liu Ying, Liu Qingyu. “Development of a self-calibration precision electrical measuring meter.” Proceedings of the 1998 Confe

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