煤礦開采外文資料及中文翻譯--綜采工作面的安全性分析

1、<p><b>　　外文資料與中文翻譯</b></p><p><b>　　外文資料：</b></p><p>　　Safety Analysis on Fully Mechanized Mining Face</p><p>　　Liyun WU．Yuzhong YANG</p><p>

2、;　　School of Energy Science & Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo,454003,Henan,China</p><p>　　Abstract：The safety of fully mechanized mining face was analyzed with man-machine-environment sy

3、stem engineering theory and methodology．The causes and countermeasures of human errors are put forward．The relationship between casualty accident and workers’stuff and fatigue is analyzed．Casualty accident is analyzed qu

4、alitatively and quantitatively using ETA and FTA methods．Grey correlative analysis and fuzzy cluster analysis are used to analyze environment factors．Finally, the safety of fully mecha</p><p>　　Keywords：safe

5、ty analysis; man-machine-environment system engineering; fully mechanized mining face</p><p>　　1．Introduction</p><p>　　Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering is a new and developing comprehe

6、nsive frontier science which came into being at the beginning of 1980s．It analyzes and researches man, machine, environment of the system, which are the three main factors in the system, and their relationship between th

7、em so that the whole system is in the condition of safety and high efficiency in the light of system．</p><p>　　Fully mechanized mining has been the mainstream technology in coal mining for the sake of its sa

8、fety and high efficiency with the advancement of science and technology．At the same time, it is also the approach for coal mines to enhance its output and economic benefit．However, the underground working face accidents

9、happen frequently[1],which has heavily affected and restricted the safety and the production of coal mines．As a result, it is significant to deeply research and analyze the safety of m</p><p>　　2．Analysis of

10、 human factor</p><p>　　Man is the main body, the key to create wealth and to attain the aim in the man-machine-environment system．On the other hand, man is also the main factor to induce accidents．The combin

11、ation of man’s unsafe behavior and unsafe machinery that is usually formed by man induces accident to happen．</p><p>　　2．1．Causes of human errors and control of them</p><p>　　2．1．1．causes of hum

12、an errors</p><p>　　The author considers that a human error means the man didn’t finish the prescriptive function or didn’t finish the prescriptive function in time under the prescriptive conditions．As a resu

13、lt, man, machine or environment of the system suffers loss to some extent．The following causes inducing human errors are analyzed through investigating some coal mines．(1)Safety awareness is so dim that workers usually a

14、ct against rules．(2)Character of workers is giddy-brained．(3)Physiological factor．Some weakn</p><p>　　2．1．2．Control of human errors</p><p>　　On the basis of analyzing and grasping the causes of

15、human errors, we can take some countermeasures to decrease human errors．Firstly, the safety management system, which takes man as the center, should be established．Secondly, on the basis of management system, it is impor

16、tant to make man safety．These countermeasures mainly include safety law education, safety knowledge education, safety skill education, safety idea education, typical accident education, biorhythm and safety measures．Thir

17、dly, al</p><p>　　2．2． Analysis of human fuzzy reliability</p><p>　　According to the theory of Hinesburg and Maslow, the hierarchy figure of human fuzzy reliability is established as Figure1．<

18、/p><p>　　Fig．1 the hierarchy figure of human fuzzy reliability</p><p>　　According to the theory of analytic hierarchy process[2],we can calculate weight Wi of every index．And then we invite some ex

19、perts to evaluate the real value Di of every index, thus we can calculate fuzzy reliability of some one or some colony with the following formula．</p><p><b>　　(1)</b></p><p>　　The au

20、thors calculate the fuzzy reliability of workers in fully mechanized mining face of Xinzhuang coal mine．First．classify all the 146 workers to 5 groups according to their age．Secondly, calculate the fuzzy reliability of e

21、very group．The results are：0．988,0．994,0．993,0．995 and 0．99．Finally, calculate the fuzzy reliability of the whole group．The result is 0．9924．</p><p>　　Mental factors, physiological factors and environmental

22、factors are considered in the model of fuzzy reliability．This makes some progress in the aspect of human reliability．There are some defects in this model yet．</p><p>　　2．3．Relationship between accidents and

23、human factors</p><p>　　2．3．1．Relationship between mining accident and stuff of workers</p><p>　　The relationship between mining face death accidents and flesh wound accidents from 1999 to 2004 t

24、aking place in Xinzhuang mine and workers’age, length of service, cultural degree are explored with the method of figure analysis．Taking the death accident as an example, Figure 2 to Figure 4 shows that death accidents i

25、n mining face decrease with the rise of age．the increase of length of service, the upgrade of cultural degree from the general tendency．</p><p>　　Fig．2 Age distribution of death toll</p><p>　　Fi

26、g．3 Length of service distribution of death toll</p><p>　　Fig．4 Culture degree distribution of death toll</p><p>　　2．3．2．Relationship between mining accidents and fatigue</p><p>　　F

27、atigue will make people’s feeling enginery weakened, it will also make people’s hearing and visual acuity declining, reaction time to complex stimulation is larger than usual, accuracy is lower than usual．Therefore fatig

28、ue is very harmful to mining safety．</p><p>　　The causes of mining workers’ fatigue mainly focus on the following．(1)Working time is long and resting time is insufficient．(2)Influence of environment factors

29、such as illumination, yawp and task space etc．(3)High task intensity．(4)Unskilled workers．(5)Tedious task．(6)Some mental causes．</p><p>　　On the basis of grasping the causes of underground workers’ fatigue,

30、we can take some measures to prevent or relieve fatigue．In general, countermeasures are mainly as following．(1)Innovate working schedule to arrange working time and resting time rationally．(2)Pick out adaptable persons．(

31、3) Improve working environment．(4)Eliminate mine workers’ mental fatigue．(5) Enhance the level of mechanization and automation．</p><p>　　3．Analysis of machine factors</p><p>　　Machine is an impo

32、rtant factor in Man-machine-environment system．The effect of machine is more and more important with the advancement of mechanization．At the same time, accidents induced by machinery are more than ever．</p><p&

33、gt;　　3．1．Event tree analysis</p><p>　　Event tree analysis is an important method for system safety analysis[3]．It can ascertain different states of system and their probability of occurrence．</p><

34、p>　　The event tree chart for normal production in fully mechanized mining face is constructed．At the same time, system states and their probability of occurrence are calculated．On the basis of qualitative analysis and

35、 quantitative analysis for this event tree, the corresponding countermeasures to decrease system failures are put forward．</p><p>　　3．2．Fault tree analysis</p><p>　　Fault tree analysis is an imp

36、ortant method for system safety analysis[4]．Its content mainly includes solving the minimum cut set, the minimum track set, probability of occurrence of top event．Structural significance, probability significance and cri

37、tical significance of fault tree．</p><p>　　Fault tree chart of scraper conveyor in fully mechanized mining face is established and the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the fault tree are car

38、ried out．According to analyzing results, some countermeasures to prevent accident from happening are put forward．</p><p>　　4．Analysis of environment factors</p><p>　　In man-machine-environment s

39、ystem, environment is a fundamental factor influencing system safety．It is the soil where unsafe behavior of workers and unsafe state of machinery are produced．</p><p>　　4．1．Grey correlative analysis between

40、, mining accidents and environmental-factors</p><p>　　On the basis of analyzing qualitatively the influence of main environment factors to coal mining safety, the relationship between mining accidents and en

41、vironment factors such as temperature, humidity, illumination, yawp and gas is analyzed with the method of grey correlative analysis[5]．</p><p>　　First, make the original data standardized．Secondly, calculat

42、e the correlative coefficient．Finally, work out grey correlative degree．The calculation result indicates that grey correlative degree between mining accidents and gas is the largest．Therefore, gas is preponderant factor

43、influencing mining accidents in Xinzhuang coal mine．</p><p>　　4．2．Fuzzy clustering analysis of mining laces environment</p><p>　　Clustering analysis is a method to classify objects according to

44、some conditions or attributes of the objects．It is widely used in production and daily life． Environmental factors in mining faces are complex and uncertain．So how to classify is fuzzy．</p><p>　　First, make

45、the original data standardized．Secondly, establish fuzzy relationship．Finally, classify objects with the method of fuzzy clustering analysis[6]．All the mining faces in Xinzhuang coal mine are classified with this method．

46、The result indicates that the environment of fully mechanized mining face is the best．The result also tells us how to improve the coal mining environment and where is the emphasis to strengthen management．This helps to d

47、ecrease environmental influence to mining accide</p><p>　　4．3．Countermeasures to improve underground environment</p><p>　　After analyzing qualitatively and quantitatively the influence of underg

48、round environmental factors to mining accidents, we can distinguish the primary from the secondary．We can take some measures such as strengthening ventilation, installing air conditioner, eliminating noisy devices etc to

49、 improve underground environment so as to improve mining safety and ensure workers’ safety and sustained efficient production．</p><p>　　5．Grey entropy, synthetic evaluation on safety of mining faces</p>

50、;<p>　　5．1．Grey entropy</p><p>　　Suppose a finite discrete sequence X={xi | i=1,2,……,n},grey entropy of sequence X is defined by</p><p><b>　　(2)</b></p><p>　　If x

51、i=0,let xi ln xi=0</p><p>　　5．2．Balanced degree</p><p>　　Grey entropy is the measure to balance degree of elements in discrete sequence X in terms of grey entropy increase theorem[7]．The greater

52、 grey entropy is the more balanced the discrete sequence is．For a discrete sequence with n elements the maximum entropy is a constant ln n which is only relevant with the number, of elements in sequence when all elements

53、 are equal．Thus, balanced degree of sequence can be defined by</p><p>　　B=H(X)/Hm (3)</p><p>　　Where Hm is the maximum grey entropy．</p><p>　　5．3．Grey correlative degr

54、ee</p><p>　　Grey correlative degree is the measure to adjacent degree between the reference sequence and relative sequence．It can be calculated by correlative coefficients[8]．The correlative coefficient can

55、be calculated by the following equation． </p><p><b>　　(4)</b></p><p>　　Where ρ is distinguished coefficient, it is in the range from 0 to 1．Usually it is 0．5．Grey correlative degree

56、can be expressed as．</p><p><b>　　(5)</b></p><p>　　Where is grey correlative degree between the reference sequence and the relative sequence．</p><p>　　5．4．Model of mult

57、i-level grey entropy synthetic evaluation</p><p>　　If the evaluation indices lie in different levels．We should apply the model of multi-level grey entropy synthetic evaluation．Multi-level evaluation model is

58、 similar to single level evaluation model．The second-order evaluation results from the first-order evaluation matrix．The evaluation result matrix can be obtained by weight vector and the evaluation matrix in view of the

59、significance difference of indices in the first level．It can be expressed by</p><p>　　W=A· (6)</p><p>　　where is the balanced adjacent degree matrix．</p><p>　　5．5．Sy

60、nthetic evaluation on mining faces in Xinzhuang coal mine</p><p>　　Table 1 shows evaluation indices and original data of mining faces in Xinzhuang coal mine．At first, the second-order synthetic evaluations a

61、re carried out respectively．The process of evaluation is omitted．The evaluation results are shown in Table 2．</p><p>　　Table 1 Original data of mining faces</p><p>　　Table 2 the second-order eva

62、luation results</p><p>　　The second-order evaluation results form the first-order evaluation matrix．The weights of first-level indices call be calculated by AHP．According to Eq.9,the synthetic evaluation res

63、ults can be expressed as following．</p><p><b>　　(7)</b></p><p>　　According to evaluation rules, el is better than e2．We can draw some useful conclusions from the evaluation on mining

64、 faces．During the second-order evaluation, we can find out some problems existing in man、machine and environment of mining faces．</p><p>　　6．Conclusion</p><p>　　The article analyzes deeply man、m

65、achine and environment of fully mechanized mining face system．Some useful conclusions are drawn out．The existing problems are pointed out．The corresponding countermeasures are put forward．These conclusions have been appl

66、ied in Xinzhuang coal mine．Furthermore, safety of fully mechanized mining face has been improved greatly．</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　[1]State Administration of Coal Mine Safety．Comprehensive a

67、nalysis on countrywide coalmine safety in 2005．http://www.chinacoal-safety.gov.cn/zhuantipindao/2006-02/15/content-154082.htm</p><p>　　[2]Yurdakul,Mustafa．AHP approach in the credit evaluation of the manufac

68、turing firms in Turkey．International Journal of Production Economics,2004,88(3):269-289</p><p>　　[3]Adamo Maria,De Carolis Giacomo,Morelli Sandra．Monitoring atmospheric gravity waves by means of SAR．MODIS im

69、agery and high-resolution ETA atmospheric model：A case study．European Space Agency(Special Publication),2006,613：12-18</p><p>　　[4]Tang Ai-Ping,Ou Jin-Ping,Lu Qin-Nian．Lifeline system network reliability cal

70、culation based on GIS and FTA．Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series),2006,13(4)：398-403</p><p>　　[5]Yeh Yi-Lung,Chen Ting-Chien．Application of grey correlation analysis for evaluating the art

71、ificial lake site in Pingtung Plain,Taiwan．Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2004,31(1)：56-64</p><p>　　[6]Ziaii Mansour,Pouyan Ali A,Ziaii Mehdi．Geochemical anomaly recognition using fuzzy C-means cluste

72、r analysis．WSEAS Transactions on Systems,2006,5(10)：2424—2429</p><p>　　[7]YANG Yuzhong,Wu Liyun,ZHANG Qiang．The multi-level grey entropy comprehensive evaluation on safety of fully mechanized mining face．Jou

73、rnal of China Coal Society,2005,30(5)：598-602</p><p>　　[8]WU Liyun,YANG Yuzhong ,JING Guoxun．Grey comprehensive judgment on colliery transportation system．Progress in Safety Science and Technology Volume 4：P

74、roceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Safety Science and Technology,2004,2006-2010</p><p><b>　　中文翻譯：</b></p><p>　　綜采工作面的安全性分析</p><p><b>　　吳麗云 楊宇中</b

75、></p><p>　　河南理工大學能源科學與工程學院，焦作，454003，河南，中國</p><p>　　摘要：綜采工作面的安全性分析采用了人 - 機 - 環(huán)境系統(tǒng)工程的理論和方法。提出了人為錯誤的原因和對策。對傷亡事故和工人素質(zhì)與疲勞之間的關(guān)系進行了分析。傷亡事故的定性和定量分析使用了預計到達時間和自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的方法。灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析和模糊聚類分析用于分析環(huán)境因素。最后，辛莊煤礦綜采工

76、作面的安全評價采用灰熵綜合評價模型。指出了綜采工作面存在的問題。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：安全性分析，人 - 機 - 環(huán)境系統(tǒng)工程，綜采工作面</p><p><b>　　1 緒論</b></p><p>　　人 - 機 - 環(huán)境系統(tǒng)工程是在20世紀80年代初出現(xiàn)的一個新的發(fā)展全面的前沿科學。它分析和研究系統(tǒng)中的人，機，環(huán)境，這是系統(tǒng)的三個

77、主要因素，它們之間的關(guān)系是整個系統(tǒng)在系統(tǒng)的安全性和高效率的前提條件。</p><p>　　綜采一直是煤炭開采中的主流技術(shù)，主要是因為它的安全性和高效率的科技進步。同時，它也是煤礦提高其產(chǎn)量和經(jīng)濟效益的方法。然而，井下工作面事故卻頻繁發(fā)生[1]，這已嚴重影響和制約了煤礦的安全和生產(chǎn)。結(jié)論是，重要的是要深入研究和分析完全機械化的綜采工作面的人 - 機 - 環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的安全。</p><p>&l

78、t;b>　　2 人為因素的分析</b></p><p>　　人是主體，在人 - 機 - 環(huán)境系統(tǒng)中是創(chuàng)造財富和達到目的的關(guān)鍵。另一方面，人也是誘發(fā)事故的主要因素。人的不安全行為和機械的不安全狀態(tài)的組合，通常是由人導致事故發(fā)生。</p><p>　　2.1 人為錯誤的原因和控制</p><p>　　2.1.1人為錯誤的原因</p>&l

79、t;p>　　筆者認為，一個人的錯誤意味著人沒有完成指令性功能，或者沒有在規(guī)定的時間和條件下完成指令性功能。結(jié)果使人，機器或系統(tǒng)環(huán)境在一定程度上蒙受損失。接下來通過調(diào)查一些煤礦對誘導人為錯誤發(fā)生的原因進行了分析。（1）安全意識過于淡薄，工人通常違反規(guī)則行事。（2）工人的性格輕率。（3）生理因素，人類在生理上的一些弱點是人為錯誤的根源。（4）心理障礙。（5）工人素質(zhì)較低。（6）疲勞，不尋常的狀態(tài)和其他特殊情況。（7）機器的缺陷。（8）

80、環(huán)境因素。</p><p>　　2.1.2 人為錯誤的控制</p><p>　　在對人為錯誤原因分析和把握的基礎(chǔ)上，我們可以采取一些措施，以減少人為錯誤。第一，應建立以人為中心的安全管理制度。其次，在于管理制度的基礎(chǔ)上，它對人的安全是非常重要的。這些對策主要包括安全法制教育，安全知識教育，安全技能教育，安全思想教育，典型事故教育，生物節(jié)律和安全措施。第三，所有的工作都應該標準化。第四，應大

81、大改善工作環(huán)境。第五，重要的是設(shè)計良好的界面，減少人為錯誤。第六，安全文化應該是企業(yè)所倡導的。</p><p>　　2.2 人的模糊可靠性分析</p><p>　　根據(jù)Hinesburg和Maslow的理論，建立人的模糊可靠性的層次結(jié)構(gòu)圖如圖1。</p><p>　　圖1 人類模糊可靠性的層次結(jié)構(gòu)圖</p><p>　　根據(jù)層次分析法[2]的

82、理論，我們可以計算衡量Wi各項指標。然后我們邀請一些專家來評估實際值Di各項指標，因此，我們可以用下列公式計算某一個或某些群體的模糊可靠性。</p><p><b>　?。?）</b></p><p>　　作者充分計算了辛莊煤礦綜采工作面上工人的模糊可靠性。首先，根據(jù)年齡把所有的146名工人分成5組。然后，計算各組的模糊可靠性。結(jié)果是：0．988，0．994，0．99

83、3，0．995和0．99。最后，計算整個集團的模糊可靠性。結(jié)果是0．9924。</p><p>　　模糊可靠性模型被認為是心理因素，生理因素和環(huán)境因素。這使得人在可靠性方面取得了一些進展。在這個模型中也存在一些缺陷。</p><p>　　2.3 事故和人為因素之間的關(guān)系</p><p>　　2.3.1 煤礦事故與工人素質(zhì)之間的關(guān)系</p><p&

84、gt;　　從1999年至2004年在辛莊煤礦的采煤工作面死亡事故和輕傷事故之間的關(guān)系可以用關(guān)于工人年齡，工齡，文化程度的圖表分析方法中探索。以死亡事故為例，圖2到圖4顯示，隨著年齡的增加采煤工作面的死亡事故減少。隨著工齡的增加，總的趨勢是文化程度提高。</p><p>　　圖2 死亡人數(shù)的年齡分布</p><p>　　圖3 死亡人數(shù)的工齡分布</p><p>　　圖

85、4 死亡人數(shù)的文化程度分布</p><p>　　2.3.2 煤礦事故和疲勞之間的關(guān)系</p><p>　　疲勞會使人的感覺機能減弱，它還會使人的聽力和視力下降，復雜的刺激的反應時間是比平時大的，精度是比平時低的。因此，疲勞對于煤礦安全生產(chǎn)是十分有害的。</p><p>　　采礦工人疲勞的原因主要集中在以下幾個方面。（1）工作時間很長，休息時間不夠。（2）照明，噪聲和

86、任務空間等環(huán)境因素的影響。（3）高工作強度。（4）非技術(shù)工人。（5）單調(diào)乏味的任務。（6）一些心理原因。</p><p>　　在找出煤礦工作者疲勞原因的基礎(chǔ)上，我們可以采取一些措施，以防止或緩解疲勞。在一般情況下，對策主要有以下幾點。（1）創(chuàng)新工作時間表，合理安排工作時間和休息時間。（2）挑選出適應性強的人。（3）改善工作環(huán)境。（4）消除煤礦工人的精神疲勞。（5）提高機械化和自動化水平。</p>&

87、lt;p><b>　　3 機器因素分析</b></p><p>　　機器是人 - 機 - 環(huán)境系統(tǒng)中的一個重要因素。機器的影響在機械化中的地位越來越重要。與此同時，機械所引起的事故也比以往更多。</p><p><b>　　3.1 事故樹分析</b></p><p>　　事件樹分析是系統(tǒng)安全性分析的一種重要分析方法[

88、3]。它可以判斷系統(tǒng)的不同區(qū)域以及其發(fā)生事故的概率。</p><p>　　綜采工作面的正常生產(chǎn)中的事件樹圖已經(jīng)被構(gòu)建。同時，系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)和其發(fā)生事故的概率也能被計算出。在對事件樹進行定性分析和定量分析的基礎(chǔ)上，提出減少系統(tǒng)故障的相應對策。</p><p><b>　　3.2 故障樹分析</b></p><p>　　故障樹分析是進行系統(tǒng)安全性分析的一

89、種重要方法[4]。其內(nèi)容主要包括解決最小割集，最小的軌道集，頂事件發(fā)生的概率。結(jié)構(gòu)的意義，概率的意義和故障樹的關(guān)鍵意義。</p><p>　　建立了綜采工作面刮板輸送機故障樹圖并進行了故障樹的定性分析和定量分析。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果，提出了一些防止事故發(fā)生的對策。</p><p><b>　　4 環(huán)境因素分析</b></p><p>　　在人 - 機

90、- 環(huán)境系統(tǒng)中，環(huán)境是影響系統(tǒng)安全的一個基本因素。是工人的不安全行為和機械的不安全狀態(tài)產(chǎn)生的土壤。</p><p>　　4.1 煤礦事故和環(huán)境因素之間的灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析</p><p>　　在定性分析了主要環(huán)境因素的影響，如溫度，濕度，光照，噪聲和氣體和煤礦安全之間的關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上進行了煤礦事故和環(huán)境因素之間的灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析法[5]。</p><p>　　首先，原始數(shù)據(jù)的標

91、準化。其次，計算相關(guān)系數(shù)。最后，制定出灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度。計算結(jié)果表明，煤礦事故和天然氣之間的灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度是最大的。因此，天然氣是辛莊煤礦礦難的主要因素。</p><p>　　4.2 采礦鞋帶環(huán)境的模糊聚類分析</p><p>　　聚類分析是根據(jù)一些條件或?qū)ο蟮膶傩赃M行分類的方法。它被廣泛應用于生產(chǎn)和生活?；夭晒ぷ髅娴沫h(huán)境因素是復雜和不確定的。因此，如何分類是模糊的。</p><

92、p>　　首先，原始數(shù)據(jù)的標準化。其次，建立模糊關(guān)系。最后，用模糊聚類分析的方法進行對象分類[6]。所有開采在莘莊煤礦采煤工作面都使用這種方法。結(jié)果表明，綜采工作面的環(huán)境是最好的。結(jié)果還告訴我們?nèi)绾翁岣呙禾块_采的環(huán)境，加強管理的重點在哪里。這有助于減少對環(huán)境對煤礦事故的影響，改善礦山安全。</p><p>　　4.3 改善地下環(huán)境的對策</p><p>　　在定性和定量分析了地下采礦事

93、故的環(huán)境因素的影響后，我們可以區(qū)分主從二級。我們可以采取一些措施，如加強通風，安裝空調(diào)，消除嘈雜的設(shè)備等，以改善地下環(huán)境，從而提高礦山安全、確保工人的安全、持續(xù)高效的生產(chǎn)。</p><p>　　5 灰色熵，綜合評價對采面的安全</p><p><b>　　5.1 灰色熵</b></p><p>　　假設(shè)一個有限的離散序列X={XI| I= 1,

94、2，......，N}，灰色序列X的熵定義為</p><p><b>　　(2)</b></p><p>　　如果xi=0,另xi ln xi=0</p><p><b>　　5.2 均衡度</b></p><p>　　灰色熵措施，以平衡度離散序列X中的元素，灰色熵增定理論[7]。更大的灰熵離散序列

95、是更均衡的。對于一個具有n個元素的離散序列，最大熵是恒定的，ln n是唯一與數(shù)字有關(guān)的序列中的元素，所有元素都是平等的。因此，序列均衡程度可以定義</p><p>　　B=H(X)/Hm (3)</p><p>　　Hm是最大的灰色熵。</p><p><b>　　5.3 灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度</b></p&g

96、t;<p>　　灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度是參考序列和相對序列之間的鄰近度。它可以通過相關(guān)系數(shù)計算[8]。相關(guān)系數(shù)可以由下列公式??計算。</p><p><b>　?。?）</b></p><p>　　其中ρ是區(qū)分系數(shù)，它的范圍是從0到1。通常是0.5?；疑P(guān)聯(lián)度可以表示為</p><p><b>　　（5）</b><

97、;/p><p>　　其中灰色參考序列和相對順序之間的關(guān)聯(lián)度。</p><p>　　5.4 多層次灰熵綜合評價模型</p><p>　　如果評價指標在于不同的層次。我們應該運用多層次灰熵綜合評價模型。多層次評價模型是類似單一水平的評價模型。第二階的評價結(jié)果來自第一階的評價矩陣。第一階評價結(jié)果矩陣可以得到權(quán)重向量和評價矩陣指數(shù)的顯著性差異。它可以表達為</p>

98、<p>　　W=A· (6)</p><p>　　其中，為均衡接近度矩陣。</p><p>　　5.5 辛莊煤礦開采面的綜合評價</p><p>　　表1給出了評價指標在辛莊煤礦開采面的原始數(shù)據(jù)。在第一，第二階的綜合評價分別進行。在評估過程中被忽略。評價結(jié)果如表2所示</p><p>

99、;<b>　　表1-采面原始數(shù)據(jù)</b></p><p><b>　　表2-二階評價結(jié)果</b></p><p>　　二階評價結(jié)果來自于一階的評價矩陣。第一級指標的權(quán)重調(diào)用是通過層次分析法計算的。根據(jù)Eq.9，綜合評價結(jié)果可以表示如下。</p><p><b>　?。?）</b></p>

100、<p>　　根據(jù)評價規(guī)則，e1大于e2。我們可以借鑒一些有益的采面評價結(jié)論。在第二階的評價，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，回采工作面在人、機、環(huán)境中存在的一些問題。</p><p><b>　　6 結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　文章深入分析了綜采工作面的人、機、環(huán)境系統(tǒng)。繪制出了一些有益的結(jié)論。指出了存在的問題。提出了相應的對策。這些結(jié)論已被應用在辛莊煤礦。此外，綜采

101、工作面的安全性得到大大提高。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻</b></p><p>　　[1]國家煤礦安全管理.2005年全國煤礦安全的綜合分析.http://www.chinacoal-safety.gov.cn/zhuantipindao/2006-02/15/content-154082.htm</p><p>　　[2]Yurd

102、akul,Mustafa.層次分析法在土耳其制造公司的信用評價.國際生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟學雜志,2004,88(3):269-289</p><p>　　[3]Adamo Maria,De Carolis Giacomo,Morelli Sandra.特區(qū)監(jiān)測大氣重力波.MODIS影像和高分辨率埃塔大氣模型：一個案例研究,歐洲航天局（特刊）,2006,613：12-18</p><p>　　[4]唐愛

103、平,歐進萍,陸勤年.基于GIS和FTA的生命線系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡的可靠性計算.哈爾濱工業(yè)大學學報（系列）,2006,13(4)：398-403</p><p>　　[5]葉奕龍,陳庭建.應用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析評估,臺灣屏東平原人工湖網(wǎng)站.加拿大土木工程學報,2004,31(1)：56-64</p><p>　　[6]Ziaii Mansour,Pouyan Ali A,Ziaii Mehdi.地球化學異

104、常識別模糊C-均值聚類分析.WSEAS交易系統(tǒng),2006,5(10)：2424—2429</p><p>　　[7]楊玉忠,吳麗云,張強.多層次灰熵綜合評價,綜采工作面的安全.中國煤炭學會,2005,30(5)：598-602</p><p>　　[8]吳麗云,楊玉忠,景國勛.對煤礦運輸系統(tǒng)的灰色綜合評判.安全生產(chǎn)科學技術(shù)第4卷的研究進展：安全生產(chǎn)科學技術(shù)2004年國際研討會論文集,200