文獻(xiàn)翻譯-中國(guó)冷藏車(chē)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)研究

1、<p>　　中文1400字,866單詞</p><p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　附錄A 外文文獻(xiàn)原文</p><p>　　MARKET FORECASTTHE ANALYSIS OF TENDENCYOF </p><p>　　REFRIGERATED RAIL TRUCK<

2、;/p><p>　　Deng Xiaoju, You Wenli, Zhang Yingkui</p><p>　　College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology</p><p>　　In the logistic of food refrigerated su

3、pply chain, food refrigerated transport is the most important. The transport we say includes middle-distance transport, long-distance transport, short-distance.</p><p>　　Since 1978, with the improvement of p

4、eople’s living standard, the consumption of the perishable food has increased rapidly and the refrigerated rail transport has developed too .But compared with the developed countries, we should realize that we have a lon

5、g way to go.</p><p>　　1. The problems in the development or the refrigerated rail truck and the gap between China and other developed countries.</p><p>　　At present, in China the problems in the

6、 industry of the refrigerated rail truck: invest but not focus, construct repeatedly, produce but not focus and not big enough to obtain profit. Now in China there are about seventy full-time and part-time manufactories,

7、 most of which just use common ways to produce the refrigerated rail truck. Now also in China there are only seven or eight manufactories that have advanced equipment and technology. Each year they con provide l0.000 ref

8、rigerated rail truck</p><p>　　The total number of the refrigerated rail trucks in China is about 30.000,but in the United States it is about 20.000. Though China's land is 20 times as large as that or Ja

9、pan, in Japan the total number is about 10.000.</p><p>　　Among vans, only 0.3% is refrigerated rail trucks in China. While in the United Slates is 1%. In Britain, 2.8%, and in France and Germany 2%-3% .In Ch

10、ina, refrigerated transport rate is less than 20%, while in those developed countries such as the United States, Europe, Japan it is above 80%.</p><p>　　Now in China a variety of refrigerated rail truck has

11、increased and production technology has improved greatly. But in many aspects we still need improvement. For example, there are only about 100 varieties of refrigerated rail truck, which can’t meet the need of the market

12、. But in Japan in the early 70s there were about 350 varieties.</p><p>　　2. The analysis of tendency of refrigerated rail truck development in China.</p><p>　　(1)Tendency of market demand. Accor

13、ding to the statistics, in China the increased rate of production of the easily rotten food is above l0% per year. In the cities, there are about 50 million tons of the meat, the fowl and eggs and about 6 million tons of

14、 dairy products that are sold. With the increase of production and sale, and the improvement of refrigerated transport rate, the transport capacity of our refrigerated food will increase rapidly. From the analysis of the

15、 construction of refriger</p><p>　　(2)Production structure and tendency of technology development. With the development of highway construction, heavy-duty truck will be the main tool of the long-distance re

16、frigerated rail transport. And light-duty truck will be used to transport the perishable food.</p><p>　　Now China attach much importance to saving energy and environment protection , and mechanical refrigera

17、tion is the main method in refrigeration technology, but the waste pollution and noise pollution is a little serious and the energy can’t be used completely. Therefore, which the development of technology, the refrigerat

18、ed rail truck, which uses new energy, will appear. </p><p>　　In order to apply to the variety, and the requirement for reducing cost, the refrigerated rail truck will be certain to develop in the direction o

19、f small units, standardization and variety.</p><p>　　(3)Tendency of reform in structure of refrigerated rail truck manufactory. In the logistics of the refrigerated supply chain, refrigerated rail truck is a

20、 production, which contains high technology. With the development of the market, keen competition will appear. A few specialized manufactories will gradually occupy the most of the market, because they have so many advan

21、tages, such as large scale, high technology, good quality, good service, timely supply and advanced management. Other manufact</p><p>　　All in all, in the market of refrigerated rail truck, because of compet

22、ition between manufactories, product production will be centralized in 6-8manufactories. It’s inevitable that good manufactories will succeed while the bad ones will fail. So all the manufactories should analyze the mark

23、et features seriously, analyze competitor advantages, disadvantages and find a market chance, so chat they can manufactories that can apply to the market quickly will develop further.know their market position</p>

24、<p>　　附錄B 外文文獻(xiàn)中文翻譯</p><p>　　中國(guó)冷藏車(chē)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)研究</p><p>　　鄧曉菊，游文麗，張英奎</p><p>　　在食品供應(yīng)物流鏈中，食品的保鮮運(yùn)輸時(shí)最重要的。我們所說(shuō)的運(yùn)輸通常是包括了長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸、中途運(yùn)輸和短途運(yùn)輸?shù)摹?lt;/p><p>　　自從1978以來(lái)，伴隨著人民生活水平的提高，對(duì)于新鮮食品的

25、消耗量也迅速增加，同時(shí)推動(dòng)了冷藏運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展。但與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比，我們應(yīng)該正確認(rèn)識(shí)到我們?cè)诶洳剡\(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展道路上還有很長(zhǎng)的一段路要走。</p><p>　　1.中國(guó)冷藏車(chē)發(fā)展問(wèn)題和與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的差距</p><p>　　目前，中國(guó)冷藏車(chē)工業(yè)所面臨的問(wèn)題是：有投資，但并未得到充分關(guān)注，重復(fù)建設(shè)，營(yíng)利性差。在中國(guó)現(xiàn)存的70多家機(jī)械制造廠中，大部分的廠子都還在應(yīng)用普通的方式生產(chǎn)冷藏車(chē)，只有7～8家擁有先

26、進(jìn)的設(shè)備和技術(shù)。每年都有大約10000輛冷藏車(chē)投入市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行銷(xiāo)售，可是僅有4000輛會(huì)被購(gòu)買(mǎi)，這就意味著投資回收難度的增大。</p><p>　　目前中國(guó)在用冷藏車(chē)大約有30000輛，而在美國(guó)，在用冷藏車(chē)已經(jīng)達(dá)到20000輛。與領(lǐng)國(guó)日本相比，雖然我們的國(guó)土面積將近是日本的20倍，但是日本在用冷藏車(chē)數(shù)量也達(dá)到了10000輛。</p><p>　　在中國(guó)，冷藏車(chē)只占到貨車(chē)總數(shù)的0.3%。然而在美

27、國(guó)這個(gè)比例是1%，英國(guó)是2.8%，法國(guó)和德國(guó)達(dá)到了2%～3%。我國(guó)冷藏車(chē)運(yùn)輸量在總運(yùn)輸量中所占有的比例還不到20%，與之相對(duì)的是，在美國(guó)、歐洲、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中，冷藏車(chē)運(yùn)輸量往往達(dá)到了80%以上。</p><p>　　雖然現(xiàn)在冷藏車(chē)的樣式得到了豐富，制造技術(shù)也大大的得到了提高，但我們還是有很多方面需要改善。面對(duì)市場(chǎng)的需求，我們只有100多種冷藏車(chē)可以說(shuō)是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法滿足市場(chǎng)的。在日本七十年代初就已經(jīng)擁有了350多種冷

28、藏車(chē)。</p><p>　　2.中國(guó)冷藏車(chē)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)研究</p><p>　?。?）市場(chǎng)需求趨勢(shì)。從相關(guān)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中可以看出，保質(zhì)期限較短的食品的生產(chǎn)正以每年10%的增長(zhǎng)速度增長(zhǎng)。在城市中，有大約5億噸的肉類(lèi)、禽類(lèi)及蛋類(lèi)和大約6百萬(wàn)噸的日常生活用品需要銷(xiāo)售。可以看出，隨著這些食品與生后用品的生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售，冷藏運(yùn)輸食品的能力將大大提高。從對(duì)冷藏車(chē)運(yùn)輸構(gòu)造研究中，可以看出，公路冷藏運(yùn)輸大約為25%

29、，鐵路冷藏運(yùn)輸為55%，20%為其他方式冷藏運(yùn)輸。在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中，公路冷藏運(yùn)輸往往可以達(dá)到60%～80%。在中國(guó)十五規(guī)劃中，已經(jīng)將高速公路與高等級(jí)公路建設(shè)作為重點(diǎn)建設(shè)工程，這將有助于刺激公路冷藏運(yùn)輸比例的提高。根據(jù)對(duì)2005年的預(yù)測(cè)，我國(guó)冷藏運(yùn)輸?shù)臄?shù)量將達(dá)到一千八百萬(wàn)噸。</p><p>　?。?）產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。隨著高速公路建設(shè)的發(fā)展，重載汽車(chē)將主要承載長(zhǎng)途冷藏運(yùn)輸?shù)娜蝿?wù)，輕型汽車(chē)會(huì)更多的應(yīng)用于保質(zhì)期更短

30、的食品的運(yùn)輸中。</p><p>　　隨著節(jié)約能源與環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)的提高，機(jī)械式制冷將成為制冷的主要技術(shù)，但是廢棄物污染和噪聲污染還是比較嚴(yán)重，同時(shí)伴隨著能源不能夠充分利用。因此，應(yīng)用新能源冷藏車(chē)的將得到發(fā)展。</p><p>　　同時(shí)，為了適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的多樣性以及降低成本的要求，冷藏車(chē)將向著單元化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和多樣性發(fā)展。</p><p>　　（3）冷藏車(chē)機(jī)構(gòu)制造變革趨勢(shì)。

31、在冷藏運(yùn)輸物流鏈中，冷藏車(chē)是作為一種擁有高技術(shù)的工具來(lái)提高支持。隨著市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展，一定會(huì)伴隨著競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的產(chǎn)生。一些制造特殊冷藏車(chē)的廠子會(huì)大量占有市場(chǎng)，因?yàn)樗鼈儞碛懈叩燃?jí)、高科技、質(zhì)量好、服務(wù)好、及時(shí)性和先進(jìn)的管理等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。剩余的制造廠雖然也對(duì)冷藏車(chē)工業(yè)的發(fā)展有積極作用，但它們一定要有自己明確的市場(chǎng)定位，否則很難在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中勝出。</p><p>　　總之，在冷藏車(chē)市場(chǎng)中，因?yàn)橹圃鞆S的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)將集中在6～8家制造廠。顯